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Biomedical subjects

F Camacho

Publications and source records attributed to F Camacho.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Extensive and deep dermatophytosis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitalis in an HIV-1 positive patient.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous infections are common in HIV-1 positive patients and are usually severe, recurrent, and caused by microorganisms that are unusual in immunocompetent patients. OBJECTIVE: We report a case of an HIV-1-positive 23-year-old male, with a history of intravenous drug use, in stage C-II (CDC '86), with a CD4 lymphocyte count of 335 cells/mm3. He had multiple, large erythematous, circinate and pustular plaques on his abdomen, back, arms and legs. RESULTS: We isolated Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitalis from the lesions. The biopsy showed suppurative deep dermatophytosis and folliculitis. The patient satisfactorily responded to itraconazole (100 mg/d for 14 days). CONCLUSION: This is the first reported case of deep dermatophytosis caused by T. mentagrophytes in an HIV-positive patient.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Pemphigus vulgaris and disseminated nocardiosis.

Infectious diseases, in particular septicaemia from Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are the most severe and frequent complications for the immunosuppressive therapy of pemphigus. Infection by Nocardia asteroides in subjects with pemphigus vulgaris is rare. We report the sixth case found of such an association; the subject died of disseminated nocardiosis while receiving steroids and immunosuppressive drugs, 4 years after being diagnosed with chronic pemphigus vulgaris.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1999

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and human immunodeficiency virus infection: 2 cases and a review of the literature.

Cutaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are rare in patients with HIV-1 infection and almost all of the cases reported are of T-cell lineage with histopathological features of mycosis fungoides or Sezary syndrome. We studied 2 cases of mycosis fungoides in HIV-1-positive patients who were intravenous drug abusers and were in stage II and IV C2 (CDC'86), respectively. The first patient (stage II) had multiple, erythematous and infiltrated large plaques on the abdomen, back, arms and legs, whereas the second patient (stage IV) had smaller erythematous, slightly scaly and infiltrated pruritic plaques on the trunk and limbs. Their CD4 lymphocyte counts were 634 and 250 cells/mm3, respectively. Biopsies showed features consistent with mycosis fungoides, with an epidermotropic pattern. The immunohistochemical study revealed a T-cell lineage of this atypical infiltrate. Both patients partially responded to topical steroid ointment, showing moderate improvement. Further biopsies performed 6 months later confirmed the prior diagnosis of mycosis fungoides. No tumour stage was observed during a 2-year follow-up. We conclude that mycosis fungoides is rare in HIV-positive patients, but must be included in the differential diagnosis of erythematous plaques in these patients. In suspected, but non-diagnostic cases of mycosis fungoides in HIV-positive patients, only a close clinical and histopathological follow-up can confirm the diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Alopecia areata, stress and psychiatric disorders: a review.

Although the results of some studies have proven negative, the influence of psychological factors in the development, evolution and therapeutic management of alopecia areata is, in general, well documented. Life events and intrapsychically generated stress can play an important role in triggering of some episodes. The comorbidity of psychiatric disorders, mainly generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and phobic states, is high. The role of treatment of concomitant psychopathological disorders is a vital one. Indeed this treatment can positively affect how the patient adapts to his/her alopecia and social setting and perhaps can even lead to a better dermatological evolution of the alopecia. Therefore, controlled studies analyzing the possible links between psychiatric symptoms, treatment with antidepressants or benzodiacepines, evolution of alopecia, medium term prognosis, and immune function are necessary. Basic psychotherapeutic support may prove to be of use in many cases and can be carried out by the dermatologist, although a subgroup of patients may need psychopharmacological or psychotherapeutic specialized treatments. Studies using operative diagnostic criteria and structured interviews are still scarce. Therefore, it seems necessary to design studies using modern psychiatric methodology. Controlled clinical trials to test the efficiency of psychoactive drugs and psychotherapy in the disease are also needed. By studying in depth these and other related aspects, we may improve the clinical management of our patients.

Alopecia Areata↗
PubMed1999

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SFN) is an uncommon disease that affects newborns who have suffered from tissue hypoxia during or following delivery. This disease appears during the first weeks of life. It consists of indurate, erythematous or purple-erythematous nodules and plaques in the skin. Histology of a biopsy specimen shows granulomatous necrosis in the subcutis with radial crystals in lipocytes and giant cells. Spontaneous resolution in a few weeks is usual, but the mobilization of calcium from the necrosed subcutis together with the action of some hormones may cause hypercalcemia and certain serious complications. A newborn female child developed SFN after dystocic delivery causing cerebral frontal lobe hemorrhage. The skin nodules resolved spontaneously in a few weeks and no complications were observed 1 year later.

Fat Necrosis↗
PubMed1998

Partition coefficients of alpha-amylase in aqueous two-phase systems PEG + MgSO4.7H2O + H2O at 298 K.

Partition coefficients of alpha-amylase have been determined in a polyethylene glycol (average molecular mass 8000)/MgSO4.7H2O aqueous two-phase system at 298 K and the influence of polymer, salt and initial enzyme concentration on partition was investigated. Correlations are proposed which relates the partition coefficient to the initial enzyme concentration and the concentration difference between phases of polymer and salt. The free volume change, related to the densities of the separate phases, has a direct dependence with such polymer and salt concentration differences, respectively, and is then used to facilitate future estimations. Thus, the partition coefficient is a function of this physical parameter and the initial enzyme concentration employed (1.25, 2.50 and 5.00 g dm-3).

Magnesium Sulfate↗
PubMed1998

Dermatological findings correlated with CD4 lymphocyte counts in a prospective 3 year study of 1161 patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease predominantly acquired through intravenous drug abuse.

Several prospective studies on dermatological findings in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infected patients have been published, mostly in populations in which the predominant risk factor for HIV infection is homosexuality. We attempted to identify cutaneous diseases associated with HIV-1 infection and to assess disease progression in a cohort of Spanish patients in whom the predominant cause of HIV infection was intravenous drug abuse. We prospectively examined 1161 HIV-1-positive patients for 38 months. Seventy-four per cent of patients were intravenous drug abusers, whereas heterosexual contact was the only risk factor in 14% and homosexuality in 9%. Centers for Disease Control stage II disease predominated (51%), whereas stage IV disease was less frequent (39%). The mean CD4 count was 353/mm3. We took patients' past and present medical history and performed a complete physical examination as well as taking photographs and carrying out the necessary diagnostic procedures. CD4 counts/mm3 were measured at each visit. A diagnosis of cutaneous disease was made in 799 patients (69%). Oral candidiasis and seborrhoeic dermatitis were the most common skin disorders, followed by xerosis, drug eruptions, dermatophytosis and the papular eruption of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Condyloma acuminatum, herpes zoster and herpes simplex were the most frequent viral infections. Conditions that have a statistically significant association with advanced stage and low CD4 levels include drug eruptions, xerosis, light reactions, diffuse alopecia, herpes simplex, oral candidiasis, psoriasis, oral hairy leucoplakia, molluscum contagiosum, Kaposi's sarcoma, furuncles, candidal intertrigo, folliculitis and ungual infection, as well as onychomycosis and tinea pedis or manuum. Dermatoses commonly associated with homosexuality, such as Kaposi's sarcoma and oral hairy leucoplakia, were rare in our patients.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1998

Polythelia pilosa: a particular form of accessory mammary tissue.

BACKGROUND: The old Kajawa classification which considered eight possible forms of aberrant mammary tissue has been recently modified into a simpler one that considers this condition only when there is glandular parenchyma or when the aberrant tissue is not a glandular tissue but a nipple, an areola or both. This new classification disregards 'polythelia pilosa' defined as an 'isolated patch of hairs only'. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that polythelia pilosa is at least a marker of subjacent accessory mammary tissue and, consequently, that the term should be incorporated into the current classification. METHODS: Among 72 cases of aberrant or accessory mammary tissue, we have studied 14 cases (7 men and 7 women) that were clinically diagnosed as 'visible isolated patches of hairs, apparently without pigmentation nor structures of areola or nipple'. We excised such isolated patches in 3 women. RESULTS: The histopathological examination showed an acanthotic and hyperpigmented epithelium with central depression closed by keratin plugs; in the dermis there were follicles with hairs surrounded by hypertrophic sebaceous glands. In the deepest portion, abundant secretory glomerules and excretory ducts of apocrine gland type could be observed. CONCLUSION: Since the biopsy of isolated patches of hairs demonstrated structures of either areolar or apocrine glandular tissue, we think that the term 'polythelia pilosa' should be reinstated into the classification as it is at least a marker of true aberrant mammary structures in men and hirsute women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Anaerobic bacteria in men with urethritis.

AIM: Investigation of the urethral flora in men with urethritis, with particular reference to anaerobic bacteria. METHODS: Multiple cultures were performed on three urethral samples from 110 men attending the STD Clinic of the School of Medicine in Seville: 35 with no evidence of urethritis (control group), and 75 with urethritis (17 gonococcal urethritis (GU) and 58 non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU)). In the 58 men with NGU, Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated in 16 (27.5%), Ureaplasma urealyticum in 18 (31%), Trichomonas vaginalis in two (3.4%) and no pathogens were isolated in the remaining 22 (38%) patients. RESULTS: Aerobic flora, mainly Staphylococcus spp., were isolated less frequently (41%) in patients with GU than in the control group (80%), and those with NGU (72%). Anaerobic flora were isolated in 62% of patients, with similar isolation rates in each group. Gram-negative anaerobes were more frequently isolated in men with urethritis, especially NGU, compared to controls (P < 0.05). Prevotella spp. and Bacteroides spp. were significantly more frequently isolated in patients with NGU, including Chlamydia-negative NGU. Fusobacterium spp. were more frequent in the Chlamydia-positive NGU than in the controls (P < 0.05). P. magnus was the most frequent anaerobic species found in the control group, while P. prevotii was most frequently seen in the urethritis group. B. ureolyticus, P. prevotii and P. tetradius were more frequent on the NGU group (P < 0.05). B. ureolyticus was commoner in patients with Chlamydia-negative NGU, while P. tetradius and P. asaccharolytica was commoner in those where C. trachomatis was isolated than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Urethral microflora isolated showed ten bacterial genus and 25 different species of anaerobes. The spectrum of these microflora changed with the presence of urethritis and varied with its aetiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The influence of pH and aeration rate on the fermentation of D-xylose by Candida shehatae.

The effects of the initial pH and air supply on the production of ethanol from D-xylose using the yeast Candida shehatae in a batch reactor were investigated. The initial pH was altered within the range of 2.5-6.5 and the specific aeration rate from 0.0-0.3 vv-1 min-1. The results showed that the most favorable initial pH for ethanol production was 4.5 and aeration via the stirring vortex of the bioreactor was sufficient. Under these conditions, the maximum specific growth rate (mu(m)) was 0.329 h-1; biomass production rate (b), 0.024 kg m-3 h-1; overall biomass yield (YGx/s), 0.036 kg kg-1; the specific uptake rate of D-xylose (qs), 2.0 kg kg-1 h-1; and the specific ethanol production rate (qE), 0.72 kg kg-1 h-1 (both at 20 h culture time). The average xylitol yield (Yxy/s) was 0.078 kg kg-1 and the overall ethanol yield (YGE/s), 0.41 kg kg-1. Both qs and qE diminished once the exponential growth phase was over.

Aerobiosis↗