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F C Whittier

Publications and source records attributed to F C Whittier.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Possible evidence for a new C-locus specificity: studies of the serum Pullium.

We have presented data from our own experience and from the first serum exchange of the HLA Workshop of the Americas that indicate the serum Pul may identify a new low-frequency specificity of the C locus. One informative family has been studied, and the results are consistant with a C-locus inheritance pattern. No correlation was found with antisera that identify known antigens of the A, B, or C locus. One additional serum, also available for study, seems to react with the same specificity as the serum Pul.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Organized kidney retrieval on a regional basis. A new approach.

A network of small to medium-sized communities has been developed to increase the supply of cadaveric kidneys for renal allotransplantation. After a training period, community physicians and the community hospitals were designated as members of the transplant team to retrieve kidneys. A threefold increase in the number of cadaveric kidneys has resulted from this project. This mechanism for organized kidney retrieval on a regional basis could be used to augment the supply of cadaveric organs in other areas of the United States.

Hospitals, Community↗
PubMed1976

Importance of the autocontrol crossmatch in human renal transplantation.

The killing of donor cells in the standard lymphocyte crossmatch is considered strong evidence for preformed antibodies in the recipients's serum. Moreover, it is generally accepted that presensitization has occurred if any of the stored sera kill the donor cells. In our hands, if either the current or the stored sera kill the donor cells, it precludes transplantation. In nine cases we discovered that the recipient's sera also killed the recipient's own lymphocytes, a positive autocontrol test, indicating that factors other than conventional preformed cytotoxic antibodies were responsible for the positive standard crossmatch. The nine patients who demonstrated a positive standard crossmatch and a positive autocontrol for those sera received cadaver allografts. None of the kidneys were rejected hyperacutely and all are functioning adequately. We conclude that the autocontrol crossmatch is an important adjunct for uncovering false positive reactions in the standard lymphocyte crossmatch test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Gold nephropathy. Ultrastructural, fluorescence, and microanalytic studies of two patients.

Renal biopsy specimens from two patients with gold nephropathy showed two distinctly different types of alterations. The first demonstrated lesions suggestive of immunologic injury primarily to the glomerulus and identical with membranous glomerulonephritis. The second had no evidence of immunologic injury, but contained extensive vacuolar degeneration of proximal tubular epithelial cells. Ultrastructurally, the vacuoles contained lipid materials and occupied the basal portion of the cells. Other tubular cells contained numerous "gold-containing" cytosegresomes. In this second specimen, it appeared that the filtered gold had a direct toxic effect on the tubular epithelium and perhaps also on the glomerular capillary wall. These findings suggest that gold nephropathy may indeed be a spectrum of a combination of both direct toxic and immunologic injury to glomeruli and tubules.

Aurothioglucose↗
PubMed1976

Effects of antacids on gastric emptying.

Aluminum hydroxide gel delays gastric emptying in rats and man. This effect of aluminum hydroxide gel varies with the concentration of aluminum in solution in the stomach when pH, osmolarity, and anion content are held constant. Because aluminum solubility drops as pH is raised, those antacids which neutralize more effectively than aluminum hydroxide gel alone and which contain "nonreactive" aluminum hydroxide result in lower aluminum concentration and do not affect the rate of gastric emptying in animals or in man. By using [51Cr]sodium chromate and a gamma camera technique, half-emptying time in 6 subjects with no gastrointestinal disease was shown to be prolonged from 13.1 min after water ingestion to 48.0 min after three hourly doses of aluminum hydroxide gel. Conventional nonabsorbable markers, including phenol red, were found to be of limited use for studying gastrointestinal function in the presence of antacid gels, most of which adsorb dyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Prognosis for recovery of function in acute renal failure. Value of the renal image obtained using iodohippurate sodium I 131.

Twenty-four survivors of acute, nonobstructive, nonnephritic renal failure had a renal scan using iodohippurate sodium I 131 performed early in the acute illness. Scans were judged according to whether the renal images were prominent, faint, or absent during the first 30 minutes after intravenous injection of 100 to 250 microcuries of iodohippurate sodium I 131. All ten patients with prominent renal images attained life-sustaining renal function with an average postrecovery creatinine clearance of 80 ml/min. Of the seven patients with faint renal images, six recovered life-sustaining renal function (average creatinine clearance of 39 ml/min), and one required chronic hemodialysis. Seven patients had no renal image initially; four recovered life-sustaining renal function with an average creatinine clearance of 25 ml/min; three required chronic hemodialysis. We conclude that, for patients with acute renal failure, the appearance of the renal image obtained using this substance is an important indicator of renal viability and of the likelihood for functional recovery.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1975

Secretory activity and aryl acid content of serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid in normal and uremic man.

Serum from uremic human subjects causes net fluid secretion in proximal straight tubules isolated from rabbit kidneys in a manner similar to paraaminohippuric acid. In the present study, we determined the relation between the concentration of aryl acids (hippuric acid, benzoic acid, etc.) In serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the capacity of the biologic fluids to cause fluid secretion in renal tubules. The concentration of aryl acids in serum and urine as estimated by fluorometric assay (Fl-Hipp) was related to the secretory activity (SA) estimated by bioassay in a direct linear fashion over a 10,000-fold range of concentrations. Fl-Hipp and SA were strikingly elevated in the serum of uremic patients. Hippuric acid determined by gas-liquid chromatography accounted for approximately one-fourth of the secretory activity of serum and urine; benzoic acid was present only in trace amounts; the remainder of the secretory activity of uremic serum is probably due to derivatives of aryl acids which are detected as Fl-Hipp. The relation between creatinine clearance and the SA or Fl-Hipp concentration of serum was hyperbolic; both the SA and Fl-Hipp content of serum increased sharply when creatinine clearance fell below 10 ml. per minute. The SA and Fl-Hipp content of CSF was increased in uremic patients; however, the serum content exceeded that of the CSF by more than fourfold suggesting an exclusion mechanism for aryl acids in the central nervous system. We conclude that the secretory activity of uremic serum is due to the accumulation of aryl acids, probably of the hippurate class, and, further, that relatively high levels of these biologically active substances may contribute to general organ dysfunction in uremia owing to their potential to act as competitive inhibitors of organic anion transport.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Hypothyroidism.

We found biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism (low T3 and T4 and elevated TSH) in azotemic patients. Hemodialysis did not correct the hypothyroidism but renal transplantation did. The hypothyroidism is probably a consequence of impaired thyroidal elaboration of thyroid hormone, as well as decreased peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. The impaired thyroidal gland function may be secondary to the increased concentration of aryl acids found in chronic renal disease.

Blood Urea Nitrogen↗
PubMed1975

The influence of protein concentration of the perfusate on weight gain and kidney transplant outcome.

We have described a technique to compare parameters of perfusion using canine kidneys. Using this system, we observed that weight gain during pulsatile perfusion varied inversely with perfusate albumin concentration. The weight gain was more rapid with albumin concentration below 4.0 Gm%. Perfusion characteristics deteriorated in association with early rapid weight gain, indicating greater ischemic damage to the kidneys perfused with the low protein perfusate. Finally, the protein concentration of cryoprecipitated plasms is low enough to cause a rapid increase in kidney weight, a condition predisposing to poor function upon re-implantation of the kidney.

Albumins↗