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Biomedical subjects

F C Pampel

Publications and source records attributed to F C Pampel.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Cigarette diffusion and sex differences in smoking.

Because the recent narrowing of the sex differential in smoking (and mortality from smoking-related causes) coincides with movement toward gender equality and independence among women, it suggests that rising status among women has contributed to their adoption of male smoking behavior (and ultimately to worsening longevity). However, an alternative "cigarette diffusion" explanation suggests that convergence in male and female smoking is the byproduct of a female lag in the process of cigarette adoption, diffusion, and abatement. Using multilevel models and data for 16 European nations from 1988-1995, the analysis demonstrates consistent support for the predictions of the cigarette diffusion explanation. Smoking of men and women becomes more similar in nations that have the longest history of cigarette use rather than the greatest gender equality.

Developed Countries↗
PubMed1996

Cohort size and age-specific suicide rates: a contingent relationship.

Trends in age-specific suicide rates relate to debates about the consequences of population aging and changes in cohort size for social well-being. Easterlin argues that large cohort size increases suicide rates by reducing relative income; Preston claims that suicide rates fall in large cohorts with high levels of political and social power. To integrate these competing arguments, this paper uses aggregate data on 18 high-income nations from 1953 to 1986 to demonstrate that the direction and strength of the relationship between cohort size and suicide depend on (1) age of the cohort, (2) gender, (3) national context, and (4) time period. The results show that large cohort size raises suicide for the young and middle-aged, but reduces it for the elderly. Also, the effects of cohort size prove stronger for men than for women, for nations with less collectivist institutions than for nations with more collectivist institutions, and for the 1950s and 1960s than for the 1970s and 1980s.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1995

The Easterlin effect.

"The Easterlin effect posits cyclical changes in demographic and social behavior as the result of fluctuations in birth rates and cohort size during the post-World War II period.... The Easterlin effect has generated a large literature in the several decades since it was first proposed. Our review of the empirical studies notes the diversity of support across behaviors, time periods, and nations.... Our review emphasizes both the contingent nature of the Easterlin effect and the way in which conditions have changed in recent decades to reduce the salience of cohort size for social and demographic behavior."

Behavior↗
PubMed1989

Female labour force activity and the sex differential in mortality: comparisons across developed nations, 1950-1980.

This paper examines the macro-level relationship between female labor force activity and the sex differential in mortality among developed nations. Discrimination, protection, and null relationship hypotheses are tested using aggregate data for 18 high income nations over 7 time points from 1950 to 1980. High levels of female labor force activity--controlling for a variety of general social conditions--increase the longevity advantage women have over men. In some models the effects are immediate; in other models the effects occur after a substantial lag; but in no cases are there harmful effects for women's longevity. Also important for the differential are consumption of cigarettes and alcohol, and the level of income inequality in a society.

Alcohol Drinking↗