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Biomedical subjects

F C Chu

Publications and source records attributed to F C Chu.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Ocular manifestations of familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency (Tangier disease).

Corneal clouding is one of the manifestations of Tangier disease, an inherited disorder in which cholesterol-rich lipids are deposited in various tissues of the body. The cause of the corneal clouding is unknown. This study documents the clinical course and conjunctival biopsy findings of a 60-year-old man who was one of the earliest patients to be recognized with Tangier disease and in whom progressive corneal clouding developed in adult life. Noteworthy in the biopsy specimens were birefringent lipid particles that were predominantly present in degenerating pericytes of the conjunctival vessels.

Arteries↗
PubMed1979

The eye movement disorders of progressive supranuclear palsy.

In addition to the gross disturbances of vertical gaze, patients with progressive supranuclear palsy may show abnormalities in the saccadic and pursuit subsystems of horizontal gaze. Saccades are slower and smaller than normal. An attempt to elicit a large amplitude saccade will often result in a series of "fractionated" saccades. Pursuit eye movements become saccadic. The quick phases of vestibular and optokinetic nystagmus are of low amplitude. In the study presented, eye movements of 13 patients were recorded clinically and by electro-oculography, and data from the two methods, compared.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Radiation therapy for metastases to the base of the skull.

The clinical features and management of 46 patients with metastatic involvement of the base of the skull were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnosis could often be made on clinical grounds, with a limited number of investigations necessary. Local treatment with megavoltage radiotherapy relieved symptoms in 78% of patients, with improvement lasting until death in most. Field size and dosage are discussed. The likelihood of response dropped sharply the longer treatment was delayed. Therefore, if the clinical picture is suggestive, treatment should not be withheld even if radiographic investigations are negative.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Subtotal-skin electron-beam therapy once a week for inflammatory breast carcinoma.

Subtotal-skin electron-beam therapy (SSEB) was employed once a week in the treatment of 22 patients with recurrent inflammatory breast carcinoma between 1971 and 1976. The entire upper torso received 400 rad once a week for 6 consecutive weeks, using 3.5-MeV electrons from a 6-MeV linear accelerator. Seventeen patients (77%) obtained complete response and 3 (14%) had partial response, for a total response rate of 91%. Remission lasted for six months or longer in 35% of those exhibiting complete response. Treatments were tolerated well. The authors suggest that this is an excellent palliative method of treating this rapidly progressive disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Spinal chordomas.

A series of 54 patients with spinal chordomas were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1949 and 1976. Thirty-six lesions were located in the sacrococcygeal region and 18 involved the vertebral column at a higher level. The male to female ratio was 35:19. Vertebral chordomas generally occurred in a younger age group. Our radiological findings suggest that there is marked soft-tissue extension anterior to the vertebral column at the time of initial diagnosis. Eleven of 18 vertebral chordomas and 10 of 36 sacral chordomas were found to have disseminated metastases during their course. Analysis of the various modes of therapy reveals that the median survival for both groups is approximately 6 years. However, the 5-year survival for the sacrococcygeal group was 66% as opposed to 50% for the vertebral group. Radiation therapy produced significant palliation but objective evidence of tumor regression was difficult to assess. Chemotherapy in a small number of patients did not have any effect on the tumor. With the advent of computerized tomography scanning, further studies should be done to document the response of this tumor to radiation therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The effectiveness of radiation therapy in the treatment of bone metastases from breast cancer.

The authors studied 75 patients with 158 areas of bone metastases from breast cancer treated by radiation therapy. The treatment regimen used was usually 2000 to 2500 rads delivered over a period of 2 weeks. Both subjective and objective responses were evaluated. This dose schedule proved to be highly effective in symptomatic relief and in healing osteolytic lesions; various levels of pain relief for about one year were observed in 96% (151/158 treatment areas), and radiographic evidence of recalcification was observed in 78% (73/94 treatment areas examined by serial radiography). After cases from previous studies were incorporated, the subjective response rate of the overall group was 91% (191/212) for a mean duration of 12 months, and the objective response rate was 75% (151/202) for a mean duration of 9 months.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Radiation-induced soft-tissue and bone sarcoma.

From the records of Memorial Hospital of the past 50 years, 47 cases with an established diagnosis of radiation-induced sarcoma were identified and divided into two groups: the first included 20 cases of soft-tissue sarcoma arising from irradiated tissues, and the second comprised 27 cases of bone sarcoma arising from normal bones in the irradiated field. Medians for the latent periods from irradiation to diagnosis of bone and soft-tissue sarcoma were 11 and 12, years, respectively. In bone sarcomas, the latent period was longer after larger radiation doses and children appeared to be more susceptible to cancer induction than adults. Criteria for establishing the diagnosis of radiation-induced sarcoma and the magnitude of the risk of bone sarcoma are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The role of radiotherapy in the management of malignant hemangiopericytoma: report of eleven new cases and review of the literature.

The response of hemangiopericytoma to radiation therapy was studied in 11 patients treated at Memorial Hospital. Response of greater or lesser degree was noted in 26 of 29 radiation therapy courses administered. These included 14 instances of complete tumor regression. Dose and tumor size were the main factors influencing response. The tumors tend to regress slowly and incompletely; yet effective relief of symptoms and long term local control (average duration 27 months) usually was achieved. These results and those reported by others believe the alleged inefficacy of radiation therapy in the management of these tumors. Palliative radiation therapy seems to be worthwhile even in advanced cases. Because of the high rate of local recurrence after surgical excision, treatment strategies combining local excision of large primary tumors with wide-field, high-dose radiation therapy are worthy of trial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Radiological methods of studying the orbit.

The orbit is a challenge diagnostically to the ophthalmologist and the radiologist because of its small size and enclosed nature. As a result, a variety of radiological tests have been devised to study the orbit, although no one test is entirely definitive. Conventional X-rays, the use of ultrasound techniques, and the injection of contrast into either the orbit per se or the vasculature of the orbit are extremely useful. However, none of these techniques can produce clear, cross-sectional and unsuperimposed images, such as those obtained from computed tomography. The use of color-coding is useful in enhancing even high quality gray-scale scans. Above all, the technique of computed tomography offers the advantages of noninvasive study.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Radiation therapy of ureteral metastases from breast cancer.

A series of 6 patients with ureteral metastases from breast carcinoma treated by radiation therapy has been evaluated. Most patients received a tumor dose of 3,600 rads in 3 to 4 weeks, and showed remarkable clinical improvement, with relief of the ureteral obstruction and reversal of symptoms and signs of uremia after radiation therapy. One patient died before an adequate dose of radiation therapy could be given. Early recognition and early treatment of ureteral metastases have been stressed. Radiation therapy techniques have been described.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Recurrent operable breast cancer following incomplete mastectomy.

Forty patients have been treated with recurrent operable breast cancer after having undergone procedures less extensive than modified radical mastectomy as a treatment of the primary, with or without radiation therapy. Initial pathology was invasive cancer in 21 patients, and treatment (excision or simple mastectomy, with or without radiation therapy) has been offered as the treatment of choice. Completion of radical mastectomy was done here in 30 patients, extended radical mastectomy in 3, and local excision in 7. Eleven received postoperative radiation therapy. The overall 5-year survival rate from the time of treatment, free of disease, was 40 per cent, and the 10-year survival rate was 20 per cent. If initial treatment included radiation therapy, survival was improved (12/25 vs 4/15 having no radiation therapy). Axillary nodal involvement was extensive, with 13 patients having positive level III nodes. Such patients should be followed closely in order to detect recurrence earlier. Adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy trials post mastectomy should be evaluated in the hope of improving survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Locally recurrent carcinoma of the breast. Results of radiation therapy.

Local and regional recurrences are frequent problems in breast cancer management. Radiation therapy is effective in producing long term remission. This study evaluates the results of radiation therapy of 215 patients with recurrent disease limited to the chest wall and/or regional lymph node areas. The local results showed complete control in 67% of cases (mean and median durations 32 months and 22 months, respectively), partial control in 24% of cases (mean and median 11 and 8 months, respectively) and no control in the remaining 9%. The radiation dose recommended for the treatment of recurrent mammary carcinoma is 5000 rads in 5 weeks for relatively small lesions. Supplementary local doses of 500-1000 rads in 1 week may be given to bulky lesions as necessary for residual disease. Although local relapse indicates a poor prognosis, it is by no means totally hopeless. Of 215 patients treated 44 (21%) survived 5 years and 10 (5%) survived 10 years following radiation therapy of recurrent disease. There were seven patients, or 3%, who were free of cancer at 5 to 15 years. Radiation therapy was valuable in controlling local lesions, and thus, in improving quality of survival, even in those patients who eventually died of metastatic disease.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

Elimination of bacteriophages from tissue culture serum by affinity chromatography.

Use of immunoadsorbents to remove bacteriophages from tissue culture serum was investigated. Immune globulins from rabbit antiserum prepared against phi V-1 phage were immobilized by covalent linkage to activated porous silica glass derivatives of p-aminoarylamine and to Sepharose-4B. Chromatographic columns of each material were used to filter samples of a fetal bovine serum into which had been introduced 8100 plaque-forming units of the phage per ml. Efficiency of removal was determined by plaque assays of phi V-1 phage recovered in the effluent fluids. Activated but uncoupled matrices nonspecifically removed from 49 to 59% of the phages introduced into the experimental serum. A reduction of 35 to 37% in phage content occurred in the serum after filtration through columns coupled to nonantibody protein. With specific immune globulins attached, the Sepharose-4B matrix reduced the concentration of phage in the serum below a detectable quantity. Noapparent alterations occurred in the growth-promoting property of serum filtered through the Sepharose-4B immunoadsorbent as measured by cloning efficiency of BHK-21, WI-38, and FRhL-2 cells. These experiments serve as a model system for use of immunoadsorbents for selective removal of bacteriophages and perhaps other extraneous microbial agents from tissue culture serum.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1975

The influence of dose fractionation on acute and late reactions in patients with postoperative rasiotherapy for carcinoma of the breast.

The clinical courses of 418 patients with breast carcinoma who received postradical-mastectomy radiation therapy to the internal mammary and supraclavicular are were revied in order to determine the normal tissue tolerance with various time-dose fractionation radiation regimens. Four different dose fractionation schedules wereemplyed during the period 1958-1968 at Memorial Hospital: 4900 rads/10f/32d; 4410 rads/9f/30d; 5000 rads/13f/18d; and 4600 rads/20f/28d. There was no difference in the acute reaction or local recurrence rate of the tumor in the irradiated area among the four fractionation schemes, but the late effects were quite different. Patients who received 4900 rads in 10 fractions in 32 days had a 33% incidence of subcutaneous fibrosis.A similiar dose in 13 fractions in 21/2-3 weeks resulted in about 17% subcutaneous fibrosis. No significance of these clinical findings is discussed in relation to the various formulae currently being used to express time-dose equivalence.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

Radiation therapy of cardiac and pericardial metastases.

Cardiac metastasis should be strongly suspected in the cancer patient with sudden onset of unexplained tachycardia, arrhythmia, or congestive heart failure. Conduction defects and low voltage on electrocardiographic examination and an enlarged heart shadow on the chest film are virtually confirmatory. Thirty-eight such patients were treated through anterior and posterior opposing portals and received 2,500-3,500 rads in 3-4 weeks, except for 6 lymphoma and leukemia patients who were controlled with lower doses (1,500-2,000 rads in 11/2-2 weeks). Primary sites and duration of improvement were as follows: breast (11/16 patients): 2-36 months; lung (2/7 patients): 1-9 months; lymphoma and leukemia (6/7 patients): 2-4 months; others (4/8 patients): 1-4 months. Overall, the clinical improvement rate was 60%, with durations of 12 to 36 months.

Adolescent↗