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Biomedical subjects

F C Campbell

Publications and source records attributed to F C Campbell.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Computerised method for acquisition and display of gastrointestinal motility data.

A computerised system is developed for the acquisition and display of gastrointestinal motility data which utilises a purpose developed software program called 'PC-motil', running on an IBM compatible microcomputer. 'PC-motil' displays data during collection, writes data to disk file and compresses all data at the end of a study on to a single monitor screen for convenient overview. Any area of interest, in single or multiple channels, may be selected and expanded for detailed examination. This system is tested by the recording of gastric and jejunal motility patterns of 11 healthy volunteers in fasting and fed states. All antral and jejunal migrating motor complexes (MMCs) in fasting studies, as well as all fed motility patterns were recognisable in both 'compressed' and 'expanded' form. The reproduction of motility patterns by the computer based system was indistinguishable from that of a conventional analogue chart recorder. This computerised system provides a convenient and cost-effective means of acquisition, storage and display of motility data in digital form.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Evidence for hypomotility in non-ulcer dyspepsia: a prospective multifactorial study.

A prospective multifactorial study of symptoms and disturbance of gastrointestinal function has been undertaken in 50 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Objective tests including solid meal gastric emptying studies, gastric acid secretion, E-HIDA scintiscan for enterogastric bile reflux, and hydrogen breath studies were carried out in all patients and validated against control data. Gastroscopy and biopsy were carried out in non-ulcer dyspepsia patients only. Non-ulcer dyspepsia patients were categorised on the basis of predominant symptoms as: dysmotility-like dyspepsia (n = 22); essential dyspepsia (n = 14), gastro-oesophageal reflux-like dyspepsia (n = 11); and ulcer-like dyspepsia (n = 3). In the total non-ulcer dyspepsia population, solid meal gastric emptying was delayed (T50 mean (SEM) = 102 (6) minutes (patients) v 64 (6) minutes (controls), (p less than 0.01) and high incidences of gastritis (n = 26) and Helicobacter pyloridis infection (n = 18) were found. An inverse correlation was observed between solid meal gastric emptying and fasting peak acid output (r = -0.4; p less than 0.01). Indeed gastric emptying was particularly prolonged in eight patients (T50 mean (SEM) = 139 (15) minutes) with hypochlorhydria. In the non-ulcer dyspepsia population oral to caecal transit time of a solid meal was delayed (mean SEM = 302 (14) minutes (patients) v 244 (12) minutes (controls) (p less than 0.01]. Seven patients had a dual peak of breath hydrogen suggestive of small bowel bacterial overgrowth. No association was observed between symptoms and any of the objective abnormalities. This multifactorial study has shown that hypomotility, including gastroparesis and delayed small bowel transit, is common in non-ulcer dyspepsia and may be related to other disorders of gastrointestinal function. No relation between symptoms and disorders of function, however, has been shown.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Detection of clustered gastrointestinal contractions in partial intestinal obstruction by surface vibration analysis.

Gastrointestinal contraction "clusters" with alternating quiescence occur in partial intestinal obstruction and are conventionally detected by intraluminal manometry. Surface Vibration Analysis (SVA), which is a noninvasive test, was evaluated in this study in experimental and clinical situations. In the experimental situation, former SVA was assessed against simultaneous manometry in two volunteers, in whom partial obstruction had been induced by intrajejunal balloon distension. Manometry showed typical contraction "clusters" with alternating quiescence, each of two to four minutes duration, in obstructed jejunum proximal to the balloon. The distal jejunum was inhibited. SVA showed a pattern of hyperactivity and quiescence corresponding to proximal jejunal activity. In the clinical situation, SVA recordings taken after a standard meal in nine patients with suspected chronic obstruction adhesive obstruction, (subsequently proven in seven patients and disproved in two), and 36 volunteers were compared. All patients with proved obstruction showed an SVA pattern of alternating hyperactivity and quiescence. This pattern was not observed in volunteers or nonobstructed patients.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1989

Gallbladder function and fasting enterogastric bile reflux.

The relationship between gallbladder function and duodenogastric reflux of bile has been investigated in the fasting phase by 99Tcm-EHIDA biliary scintigraphy in 370 patients with abdominal pain. This isotope is cleared from the blood-pool by hepatocellular function and is excreted into the biliary tract. Obstruction of the common bile duct was found in 79 patients, leaving 291 who were evaluable for duodenogastric bile reflux. Gallblader function was present in 169 and absent in 122 patients. Duodenogastric reflux of bile was observed in 82 patients, 10 of whom had had previous gastric surgery. Only 298 of 169 (17%) patients with a functioning gallbladder showed evidence of enterogastric bile reflux compared to 43 of 122 (35%) with absent gallbladder function (p less than 0.005 by Chi Square). These results suggest that continuous bile flow into the duodenum in the absence of a functioning gallbladder facilitates duodenogastric reflux.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Surface vibration analysis (SVA): a new non-invasive monitor of gastrointestinal activity.

A computerised system for measurement of vibration at the abdominal surface was constructed which was addressed to the evaluation of gastrointestinal (GI) motor function. Preliminary studies revealed a dominant low frequency signal which was synchronous with the heartbeat and was considered representative of aortic pulsation. This was excluded by selective spectral filtration. The remaining signal was processed and measured by computer, with provision of quantitative energy values as well as of graphic display. The developed method, called surface vibration analysis (SVA) has been evaluated clinically; (a) against oral to caecal transit times (OCCT) of a standard solid meal, in five patients with severe postgastrectomy diarrhoea, seven patients with mild idiopathic diarrhoea and 22 healthy volunteers. (b) against prokinetic effects of a gastrointestinal stimulant (cisapride) in nine patients. In (a) postprandial SVA energy measurements were greater (SVA [*X (SEM)] = 406,933 (98,224] and oral to caecal transit of the solid meal was more rapid (OCTT = *90 (29) min) in the severe diarrhoea patients [postgastrectomy] than either the mild diarrhoea group (*SVA = 235,317 (50,780); *OCTT = *199 (42) min) or normal volunteers (*SVA = 212,062 (27,153); *OCTT = 242 (19) min) [p less than 0.01 for SVA and OCTT]. In the total group, an inverse correlation was observed between quantitative SVA energy values and oral to caecal transit times of solids (Spearman's rho = -0.486; p less than 0.01). In (b), drug stimulation of the GI tract caused an increase of fasting SVA measurements from *21,217 (5956) [before] to *41,937 (9606) [after] intravenous cisapride (p less than 0.05). This new technique may be useful for evaluation of gastrointestinal motor activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Unemployment, alcohol and injury in west Belfast.

The relationship of being employed or not to alcohol consumption and subsequent injury which necessitated hospital treatment was evaluated prospectively in 116 patients coming to the Accident and Emergency Department of a large teaching hospital. Details relating to employment, category and situation of injury were collected prospectively on a standard form and breath alcohol content was evaluated in all subjects. Employment or not was related to alcohol consumption and subsequent associated accidents: 40 per cent of unemployed subjects sustained accidents related to alcohol compared with 8 per cent of employed patients (P less than 0.01 by the chi 2 test). Accidents related to alcohol also tended to occur in public places. These findings represent previously unrecognized associations between employment, alcohol consumption and subsequent accidents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Prospective study of a planned approach to the surgical management of bleeding oesophageal varices.

A policy of joint management of patients with acute variceal bleeding was constructed and applied prospectively to 37 consecutive patients. According to the protocol, every patient underwent an initial joint assessment by a physician and a surgeon soon after admission and resuscitation, which included age, previous history, physical examination and biochemical profile. Pugh's modification of Child's scoring system was used to assess the severity of the underlying hepatic disorder. Patients in groups A and B who were less than 70 years of age were treated by shunt surgery carried out during the same admission. Patients outwith this category were managed conservatively and a blood transfusion limit (10 units) imposed unless the clinical picture subsequently improved or the liver function was good but the patient was not eligible for surgery because of age. Twenty seven patients underwent shunt surgery, the most frequent procedure being a Warren shunt (n = 21). The average hospital stay in the surgically treated group was 18 days. The 30 day operative mortality was 15%. Two further deaths in the shunted group occurred during the follow-up period (mean = 30 months, range = 6-97 months). Seventeen patients in the shunted group remain well but three have required further therapy because of rebleeding episodes (two with sclerotherapy, one by surgery). Two patients who went abroad after recovery from their shunt surgery have been lost to follow up. The survival in the conservatively treated group was short and recurrent bleeding common. This experience indicates that an initial joint assessment using established criteria reliably identifies the poor prognosis group of patients with variceal haemorrhage and allows the rationalisation of the hospital resources.Early and expeditious selective shunt surgery in the good risk category carries an acceptable mortality and is cost effective in the long term.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Patterns of flap recurrence following mastectomy.

Flap recurrence after mastectomy is divisible into three distinct entities: spot recurrence, multiple spot recurrence and field change. Spot recurrence and multiple spot recurrence are usually controlled by local measures and are not associated with any particular characteristics of the primary tumour. The field change type of flap recurrence is difficult to control and is associated with aggressive primary tumours (grade III, node positive, oestrogen receptor negative) and a very poor prognosis. The appearance of field change type of flap recurrence is an indication for systemic therapy.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Therapeutic significance and the mechanism of action of the LH-RH agonist ICI 118630 in breast and prostate cancer.

The influence of the LH-RH agonist ICI 118630 on circulating levels of the pituitary gonadotrophins LH and FSH and the gonadal steroids oestradiol, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone has been studied in phase I clinical trials of the drug in patients with advanced breast or prostate cancer. ICI 118630 initially stimulated plasma levels of LH and FSH. On continued treatment however, the drug reversed this response and produced a rapid decline in plasma testosterone and progesterone in male and female patients respectively. Plasma oestradiol concentrations equivalent to those seen in oophorectomised or postmenopausal women were eventually produced in all 5 female patients treated with ICI 118630. In one patient however persistent follicular activity occurred until her third menstrual cycle. No appreciable side effects of the drug were observed. These data indicate that ICI 118630 initiates a castration-like endocrine response and has potential in the treatment of hormone dependent tumours of the breast and prostate.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

The use of monoclonal antibody 791T/36 in the immunoscintigraphy of primary and metastatic carcinoma of the breast.

Radiolabelled monoclonal antibody 791T/36 raised against a human osteogenic sarcoma cell line was used to image primary and metastatic tumours in 13 patients with mammary carcinoma. Successful imaging was achieved in 3 of 5 women with primary tumours, in one woman with hepatic metastases, 3 with loco-regional metastases and one with pleural involvement. No localization was demonstrated at sites of known bone involvement in 5 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The management of locally advanced carcinoma of the breast by Nolvadex (tamoxifen): a pilot study.

Fifty-one postmenopausal women with locally advanced breast cancer were treated initially by Nolvadex (Tamoxifen, ICI) alone and followed prospectively between 1974 and 1982. Twenty-three patients (40%) showed an objective response to therapy of whom 17 (75%) remain in remission at median follow-up of 36 months. Patients who failed to respond to Nolvadex therapy were treated by radiotherapy which achieved local control in 64%, with 10 months median duration. Nolvadex therapy conveys a good quality lengthy remission to a sizeable minority of patients. The majority of those who fail to respond are satisfactorily managed by radiotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Calcium excretion (CaE) in metastatic breast cancer.

In 51 women with metastatic breast cancer calcium excretion per litre of glomerular filtrate (CaE) values were persistently higher in those with bone secondaries than in those with only soft tissue involvement despite a normal range of serum calcium in both groups. Measurement of CaE in 8 further patients who were severely hypercalcaemic as a result of their advanced breast cancer revealed the degree to which calcium resorption from bone secondaries and renal dysfunction contributed to the hypercalcaemia. Thus, in patients with breast cancer, CaE provides a reliable indicator of early changes of calcium homeostasis. It may provide an objective indication of progression of bone secondaries and also has important therapeutic implications in established hypercalcaemia.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer.

Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) were measured in saliva from postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer and a control group of comparable age. Specimens were collected at 2-hr intervals during wake-span for two consecutive days, and circadian rhythmicity was demonstrated for each of the hormones in both populations. The marginally elevated levels of cortisol and lower levels of DHAS associated with the cancer group, and the larger inter-subject variation, make it unlikely that these hormone measurements would be of value in identifying women at risk of developing breast cancer.

Aged↗