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Biomedical subjects

F Bourgeois

Publications and source records attributed to F Bourgeois.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Lipogenesis in primary cultures of adipoblasts derived from genetically obese Zucker rats.

Adipocyte precursor cultures prepared from the epididymal fat pads of genetically obese (fa/fa) and lean (Fa/Fa) Zucker rats grow similarly in culture. Addition of enriched medium (EM) containing human serum, insulin, and glucose stimulated lipid filling of the adipocyte precursors in both cultures. However, [3H] H2O incorporation into total lipids, fatty acid synthetase and lipoprotein lipase activities, and cytosolic protein contents are all decreased in the fa/fa compared with the Fa/Fa cultures. Substitution of lean or obese rat serum for human serum in the enriched medium does not alter the decreased lipogenic capacity of the fa/fa adipocyte precursor cultures.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

Dietary-induced obesity: effect of dietary fats on adipose tissue cellularity in mice.

1. Male and female mice, 4 weeks old, were fed ad lib. diets containing various amounts of lard (0-300 g/kg) or various kinds of dietary fats (300 g/kg) for 13 weeks. Fat cell number and size were determined by a histological method in three different adipose sites. 2. Lard at 200 g/kg diet (43% energy from lipids) was sufficient to promote fat cell hyperplasia in the parametrial fat. Hyperplasia was also observed in the subcutaneous fat in males. The relationship between fat cell hypertrophy and the level of lard in the diet was dependent on site and sex. 3. Obesity was produced whatever the kind of dietary fat eaten: lard, beef tallow, sunflower oil or soya-bean oil. In the subcutaneous depot of males given lard, fat cell size and number were increased, but only cell hypertrophy was observed in those given soya-bean oil. In the female groups of mice fat cell hyperplasia or hypertrophy or both were related to the adipose site but not the kind of dietary fat. 4. It is concluded that dietary fats of different origin can induce obesity in mice. The effects on adipose tissue cellularity depend on the levels and kind of fat eaten, the adipose site and sex.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

Early cholesterol feeding: are there long-term effects in the rat?

The effects of exposure to cholesterol in early life on diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in adult rats were investigated. Experiment 1: dams and their offspring received either a control or a cholesterol-enriched diet during gestation and lactation; at 7 weeks of age half of the rats fed each diet were switched to the other diet for 50 weeks. Experiment 2: adult males 6 months old were fed one of the 2 experimental diets for 10 weeks, at which time half of the rats in each group were switched to the other diet for 50 weeks. Cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were determined in liver, serum, heart and aorta at different ages. In both experiments, feeding a cholesterol-enriched diet induced an increase in serum and liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but serum phospholipid levels were not influenced by diet. The cholesterol-enriched diet induced a decrease in liver phospholipid levels. Old rats (experiment 2) fed the cholesterol-enriched diet exhibited higher heart cholesterol level than controls. In experiment 1 rats fed the cholesterol-enriched diet in early life and thereafter had lower heart triglyceride levels than the 3 other groups and lower liver triglyceride levels that rats fed control diet in early life and cholesterol diet at 7 weeks. In both experiments, cholesterolemia was not influenced by the diet fed at the beginning of the test. The results indicate that cholesterol given in early life does not protect against diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in adult rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

[So-called refractory hypoxemia: treatment with acexamic acid].

Acexamic acid is currently used to avoid pulmonary fibrosis in patients treated with bleomycim. It seems to be equally effective to prevent pulmonary fibrosis in adult respiratory distress syndrome. The complications of this therapy are hypercalcemia and hypernatremia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A rapid spectrophotometric blood cyanide determination applicable to emergency toxicology.

Cyanide determination in whole blood can be performed by spectrophotometry after using diffusion coupled with coloration by hydroxocobalamin in a Conway dish. The technique may be accelerated by the use of a heating sheet at 45 degrees C. The method proved to be specific, sensitive, and fast, thus permitting measurements in emergency situations.

Cyanides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Shoulder disorders related to work organization and other occupational factors among supermarket cashiers.

The study was designed to examine, in 210 supermarket cashiers, the cross-sectional relationships between shoulder disorders according to location and chronicity of pain as well as personal and occupational factors and store and workstation characteristics. The factors associated with shoulder disorders differed for the right and left sides. Age and psychological disorders were significant risk factors. Among occupational factors, duration of employment, job control, wage dependence on efficiency, exposure to cold, movements and postures such as stooping, working with arms above shoulder level and holding heavy loads in position, and using a laser scanner were associated with shoulder disorders, especially on the left. These results confirm the multifactorial origin of shoulder disorders, and show the importance of psychosocial work factors, movements and postures, and the laser scanner as occupational risk factors, and the need to consider right and left shoulder disorders in cashiers separately.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of quantitative trait loci for growth and fatness in pigs.

A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of growth and fatness data from a three-generation experimental cross between Meishan (MS) and Large White (LW) pig breeds is presented. Six boars and 23 F1 sows, the progeny of six LW boars and six MS sows, produced 530 F2 males and 573 F2 females. Nine growth traits, i.e. body weight at birth and at 3, 10, 13, 17 and 22 weeks of age, average daily gain from birth to 3 weeks, from 3 to 10 weeks and from 10 to 22 weeks of age, as well as backfat thickness at 13, 17 and 22 weeks of age and at 40 and 60 kg live weight were analysed. Animals were typed for a total of 137 markers covering the entire porcine genome. Analyses were performed using two interval mapping methods: a line-cross (LC) regression method where founder lines were assumed to be fixed for different QTL alleles and a half-/full-sib (HFS) maximum likelihood method where allele substitution effects were estimated within each half-/full-sib family. Both methods revealed highly significant gene effects for growth on chromosomes 1, 4 and 7 and for backfat thickness on chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 7 and X, and significant gene effects on chromosome 6 for growth and backfat thickness. Suggestive QTLs were also revealed by both methods on chromosomes 2 and 3 for growth and 2 for backfat thickness. Significant gene effects were detected for growth on chromosomes 11, 13, 14, 16 and 18 and for backfat thickness on chromosome 8, 10, 13 and 14. LW alleles were associated with high growth rate and low backfat thickness, except for those of chromosome 7 and to a lesser extent early-growth alleles on chromosomes 1 and 2 and backfat thickness alleles on chromosome 6.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevention and treatment of digestive hemorrhage due to ruptured esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis].

1) Emergency treatment. The best treatment remains endoscopic sclerotherapy, which controls the bleeding in 90% of the cases. Pharmacologic management stops the variceal hemorrhage in 80% of the cases and is indicated before endoscopic treatment can be performed. Intravenous somatostatin administration may be prolonged for 5 days, even more, and may thus prevent early rebleeding, which is not achieved neither by vasopressin nor by glypressin, which administration is restricted to 24 hours. Esophageal tamponade is useful to arrest a massive variceal bleeding, if vasoactive drugs are not available or not efficient, before endoscopic management. If the bleeding persists after 2 sclerotherapy sessions, an alternative treatment is mandatory: the patient should be sent to the surgeon for a portosystemic shunt if the operative risk is acceptable (child A and B) or should become a candidate for a transjugular intrahepatic stent shunt, especially if transplantation is considered afterwards. 2) Prevention of recurrent hemorrhage. A) Early (within 5 days after the initial bleeding). Somatostatin probably prevents early rebleeding, as do sclerotherapy. B) Late. B blockade (+ nitrates) or long-term sclerotherapy have the same efficacy. Their association may improve their results. 3) Prevention of the first bleeding episode. Propranolol decrease the risk of variceal rupture from 20% to 9% during the first year after the diagnosis of esophageal varices and is the only treatment which may be proposed to cirrhotics who did not yet bled form their varices.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acute hepatitis and poisoning by Amanita phalloides].

We report the case of a 69-year-old woman who presented acute hepatitis due to Amanita Phalloides poisoning complicated of acute renal failure. Her clinical evolution was favorable under medical treatment whose actual modalities are discussed.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Operative colonoscopic endoscopy.

There are several conditions where operative colonoscopy is useful. Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction or Ogilvie's syndrome is characterized by a acute distension of the colon. Although medical management may be sufficient in many cases, endoscopic decompression must be performed when colonic distension is greater than 12 cm. Insertion of decompression tube to avoid rapid recurrence seems to be adequate. In case of massive lower intestinal hemorrhage, colonoscopy seems to be more accurate than mesenteric angiography. Such endoscopic examination requires an experienced endoscopist. Colonoscopic polypectomy has become the standard method for removal of colonic polyps. Factors influencing the rate of complications have been studied. While the number of complications was very low, we have observed that all the major hemorrhages were immediate when the blended current was used, but delayed when the pure coagulation current was applied. Endoscopic laser photocavitation is a valuable palliative method treating rectal adenocarcinoma in well selected patients. Indeed, if the patients survive sufficiently long after initial therapy, it becomes increasingly difficult to achieve persistent palliation with laser therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗