Quantitative and qualitative assessment of biomedical publications from Iran, Pakistan and Egypt through their impact factor.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Bibliometrics↗
Biomedical subjects
F Azizi
Publications and source records attributed to F Azizi.
Experiences in the prevention, control and elimination of iodine deficiency disorders: a regional perspective.
Before 1987, iodine deficiency was not considered an issue of major importance in the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Progress began with a systematic national study of goitre and other iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1983. Following a major review of the prevalence of IDD in member states, Guidelines for national programmes for the control of iodine deficiency disorders in the EMR were published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1988. This paper discusses progress towards elimination of iodine deficiency by reviewing the status of IDD in the countries of EMR and programmes for prevention and control of IDD with particular reference to the Islamic Republic of Iran, the first country to be declared IDD-free by WHO.
Feeding Behavior↗
Thyroid volumes in schoolchildren of the Emirates.
Iodine deficiency is a major public health problem, an enlarged goiter being its most apparent manifestation. Recent studies have used US as an accurate and precise method of measuring thyroid size. The aim of this study was to describe thyroid volumes measured by US among school-aged children in the United Arab Emirates. Cross-sectional studies were performed in 4,381 school children, aged 6-17 yr in three locations in the Emirates. Data were collected on age, sex, weight, thyroid size by palpation and US, and urinary iodine. Age/sex and body surface area (BSA) upper limits of thyroid volume were derived. Median urinary iodine in Abu Dhabi, Al Ain and in rural areas of Dubai were 9.9, 12.0 and 9.6 mg/dl respectively. The goiter prevalence by palpation was 28.1%, 26.4% grade 1 and 1.7% grade 2. There was significant difference in median and upper limit of thyroid volumes between boys and girls (p < 0.001). The thyroid volumes of subjects, as assessed by US, progressively increased with age for both sexes (r = 0.53, p < 0.001). In schoolchildren in the Emirates, the best predictors of thyroid volume were BSA, height and weight. The thyroid volumes of the children in this study appear comparable with those reported in a European survey in 1997.
Adolescent↗
Bilateral testicular enlargement due to adrenal remnant in a patient with C11 hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
The case of a 15-yr-old boy with C11 hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia is reported who was diagnosed and treated as true precocious puberty at the age of 2 yr because of virilization and bilateral testicular enlargement. He later developed hyperpigmentation, hypertension and short stature and because of an increase in testes size he underwent testicular biopsy with the assumption of Leydig cell tumor. With the intake of glucocorticoids his testes size, hypertension and hyperpigmentation improved markedly. We could find only 6 such cases in the literature and have reviewed their clinical and laboratory data. All patients showed the picture of virilization with hypertension. Leydig cell tumor was proposed as the differential diagnosis in all cases except ours. Ultrasonography was able to show testicular adrenal-like tissue in all those in whom the procedure was undertaken. In the 5 patients of whom we could find enough data, 1 responded partially and 4 responded markedly to corticosteroid therapy with shrinkage of testicular tumors. We conclude that clinical findings and US are very important in the early diagnosis of these patients and with adequate treatment most cases show shrinkage in testicular tumors.
Adolescent↗
Thyroid function in breast-fed infants is not affected by methimazole-induced maternal hypothyroidism: results of a retrospective study.
For many years, breast-feeding was forbidden if methimazole (MMI) was being used. However, a few studies have demonstrated the relative safety of MMI. The purpose of this study was to evaluate thyroid function of breast-fed infants whose lactating mothers became hypothyroid while taking methimazole. Between 1990 and 2001, 134 thyrotoxic lactating mothers received MMI while breast-feeding. MMI therapy was initiated between 2-8 months postpartum, 10-30 mg for the first month and 5-10 mg from the second until the twelfth month. In 16 mothers, TSH was increased at the end of one month of MMI therapy (Group 1). Infants of 18 mothers whose serum TSH was normal at the end of the first month were included as controls (Group 2). Mothers and their infants were clinically evaluated and serum T4, T3 and TSH were measured before and at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 months after MMI therapy. Serum MMI was measured in 8 infants 2 h after breast-feeding. Mean +/- SD of FT4I and FT3I were not statistically different between the two groups of mothers before MMI therapy. In all 34 mothers thyroid indices decreased one month after MMI therapy; FT4I: Group 1 from 19.8 +/- 4.3 to 6.0 +/- 4.8 (p<0.001) and Group 2 from 20.3 +/- 4.7 to 11.4 +/- 4.1 (p<0.001); FT3I: Group 1 from 602 +/- 56 to 146 +/- 52 (p<0.001) and Group 2 from 562 +/- 42 to 186 +/- 39 (p<0.001). The difference in FT4I, FT3I and TSH (20 +/- 18 vs 2.1 +/- 1.1 mU/l, p<0.001) between the 2 groups was significant at the end of the first month of MMI therapy. There was no significant difference in thyroid function of infants of these two groups one month after MMI therapy and all tests remained within the normal range during 12 months of treatment of their lactating mothers. Serum MMI levels were less than 0.03 in 6 and 0.03 and 0.035 microg/ml in the other 2 infants. The results further indicate the safety of MMI therapy in breast-feeding thyrotoxic women.
Adult↗
Serum paraoxonase 1 activity is decreased in thyroid dysfunction.
Changes in serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations occur frequently in disorders of thyroid function. LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) oxidation susceptibility is higher in these patients than in normal population. This study aims at assessing lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity in patients with thyroid dysfunction. Ninety-nine patients with thyroid dysfunction, (49 hypothyroid and 50 hyperthyroid) were compared with 2 separately age- and sex-matched control groups. A fasting blood sample was obtained and serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoproteins A-I and B, and PON1 activity were measured. In hyperthyroid patients, significantly lower PON1 activity (45 +/- 23 vs 67 +/- 37 IU/ml, p<0.001), triglycerides (112 +/- 53 vs 166 +/- 130 mg/dl, p<0.05), apolipoprotein A-I (137 +/- 26 vs 154 +/- 21 mg/dl, p<0.001) and apolipoprotein B (75 +/- 18 vs 86 +/- 25 mg/dl, p<0.05) were found. Hypothyroid patients had lower PON1 activity (46 +/- 21 vs 64 +/- 32 IU/ml, p<0.005) compared with controls, and higher total cholesterol (224 +/- 69 vs 185 +/- 41 mg/dl, p<0.001), LDL-C (133 +/- 59 vs 93 +/- 36 mg/dl, p<0.001), and apolipoprotein B (107 +/- 37 vs 84 +/- 23 mg/dl, p<0.001). The results show significant changes of lipid levels in thyroid dysfunction. In addition, a significant reduction in PON1 activity was observed in both hyper- and hypothyroid patients. Increased LDL-C oxidation in thyroid dysfunction observed in other studies, at least to some extent, can be attributed to reduced PON1 activity.
Adult↗
Gender differences in dietary intakes, anthropometrical measurements and biochemical indices in an urban adult population: the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: In order to investigate gender differences in health indices, dietary intakes and obesity in urban Iranian adults, we considered a sub-sample of the adult population of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. METHODS AND RESULTS: The randomly selected sub-sample consisted of 483 subjects aged 25-50 years (229 men and 254 women) and 153 aged more than 50 years (81 men and 72 women). Their anthropometrical variables were recorded, and their body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio were calculated. Dietary intake was assessed by means of two-day dietary recall and the completion of dietary habit questionnaires during face-to-face interviews. Underreporting was defined as a ratio of energy intake (EI)/basal metabolic rate (BMR) < 1.27. The mean BMI of the women in both age groups was significantly higher than that of the men (p < 0.05). Central obesity was more frequent in the women and among older subjects. The women had higher plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but lower levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Underreporting of EI was more frequent in the women than the men: 34.0% vs 15.4% in the younger group, and 40.3% vs 17.3% in the older group (p < 0.01). There were major gender differences in the mean daily intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, fibre, cholesterol, iron, calcium and phosphorus. A higher proportion of women met the cholesterol intake guidelines. Data from the dietary habit questionnaires showed that more men than women usually sprinkle salt on their food. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study partially support the hypothesis of gender differences in dietary intakes, and the prevalence of obesity and some health-related indices, and suggest the need for gender-specific, targeted nutrition messages and behavioural interventions in developing prevention strategies for cardiovascular risk factors.
Adult↗
Serum lipid levels in an Iranian adults population: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
Data from 6246 participants aged 20-64 years (2339 males and 3907 females) in the cross-sectional phase of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (February 1999-May 2000) were used to determine distribution of serum lipid levels after 12-14 hour overnight fast. Mean total cholesterol (TC) concentration was 210 mg/dl. TC was significantly greater in females than males, 213 and 206 mg/dl, respectively (p < 0.0001). Thirty-one percent of population had TC values between 200 and 239 and 24% had values of 240 mg/dl or greater. Mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was 129 and 135 mg/dl in males and females, respectively (p < 0.0001). Twenty-seven percent had LDL-C values between 130 and 159 and 23% had values 160 mg/dl or greater. The mean triglycerides (TGs) values were 190 and 162 mg/dl for males and females, respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was 39 in males and 45 mg/dl in females (p < 0.0001). The results showed higher levels of TC, LDL-C and TGs and slightly lower HDL-C in Tehranian adults than other studies in the industrialized countries.
Adult↗
Is systolic blood pressure sufficient for classification of blood pressure and determination of hypertension based on JNC-VI in an Iranian adult population? Tehran lipid and glucose study (TLGS).
The purpose of this study was to determine if systolic blood pressure (SBP) by itself is sufficient for the JNC-VI (Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure)-based classification of blood pressure of Tehranian adult population. Clinically, SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) are sometimes at different stages in the same individual and the higher stage is considered to classify blood pressure level. The prevalence of disparate levels of SBP and DBP has only recently been noticed. Some researches have reported the importance of SBP level, and not DBP, in determining the appropriate classification of hypertension even in those undergoing treatment. Data were collected for 3823 men and 5159 women aged 20-69 years who were not using antihypertensive medication, in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), a cross-sectional phase of a large epidemiological study first established in 1999. The study used the mean of two separate blood pressure measurements in each individual. High blood pressure is defined according to the highest level of SBP or DBP. In 86.3% of the subjects, blood pressure stage was determined according to SBP and in 90.0% of them according to DBP. In 77.4% of the subjects (75.7% of men and 78.7% of women), SBP determined blood pressure in the same stage as DBP did. The role of SBP was the most prominent in age groups 20-29 and 60-69 years (91.4 and 90.8%, respectively) and the least in age group 40-49 years (80.4% of the subjects). DBP had a more prominent role in younger ages and the least significance in older ages. In conclusion, SBP has a more prominent role than DBP in determining blood pressure stage according to JNC-VI only in the 60-69-year-old group. The role of DBP is more prominent in other age groups.
Adult↗
Urinary iodine excretion in pregnant women residing in areas with adequate iodine intake.
OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy is accompanied by profound alterations in thyroid economy and relative iodine deficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate urinary iodine excretion of pregnant women in cities with adequate and more than adequate iodine intake. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on schoolchildren and pregnant women in four cities in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Urinary iodine excretion was measured for 438 schoolchildren and 403 pregnant women. In addition, in Isfahan City, thyroid volume was measured by sonography for 30 pregnant women in each trimester of pregnancy and for 90 non-pregnant women who also had urinary iodine measurement. RESULTS: Median urinary iodine of schoolchildren was 31.2, 25.0, 20.2 and 19.3 microg/dl in Rasht, Isfahan, Ilam and Tehran, respectively. Corresponding values for pregnant women were 33.8, 21.2, 19.0 and 18.6 microg/dl. The percentage of pregnant women with urinary iodine below 20 microg/dl was 16, 45, 55 and 54, and below 10 microg/dl was 1, 7, 7 and 13, in Rasht, Isfahan, Ilam and Tehran, respectively. In Isfahan, urinary iodine was significantly decreased in the third trimester of pregnancy, compared with controls. Mean thyroid volume was 7.8 +/- 3.1 ml and 7.8 +/- 2.8 ml in pregnant and non-pregnant women, respectively. CONCLUSION: Recommended values for dietary iodine through universal salt iodisation may not be adequate for pregnant women, and the specific problem of iodine and pregnancy should be considered further in the light of the latest recommendations.
Adult↗
Coronary heart disease risk factors and menopause: a study in 1980 Tehranian women, the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
OBJECTIVES: The menopause is associated with an increased incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). Assessing CHD risk factors in menopausal women can shed more light on the pathogenesis of accelerated atherosclerosis after the cessation of ovarian function. DESIGN: In this study, 1980 women aged 44-69 years were selected from among 15 005 participants in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) and assessed for CHD risk factors. They were classified into three groups: premenopausal women (n = 483), aged between 44 and 50 years, without any history of menstrual irregularities; menopausal women (n = 310), with permanent cessation of menses for at least 12 months and a duration of less than 3 years; and postmenopausal women (n = 1187), with at least a 3-year history of cessation of menses. Demographic information including waist size, height, weight and systolic and diastolic blood pressures was recorded, and body mass index, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio (LDL/HDL) and waist/hip ratio were calculated. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL were measured and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed. The LDL level was calculated using the Friedwald formula. RESULTS: Mean systolic blood pressures were 121 +/- 18, 125 +/- 20 and 136 +/- 23 mmHg (p< 0.001) and mean diastolic blood pressures were 80 +/- 10, 81 +/- 11 and 82 +/- 11 mmHg (p< 0.001) in premenopausal, menopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively. For premenopausal, menopausal and postmenopausal women, mean cholesterol levels were 215 +/- 42, 238 +/- 45 and 245 +/- 46 mg/dl (p< 0.001), respectively. HDL and LDL levels were 44 +/- 11, 48 +/- 12 and 47 +/- 11 mg/dl and 138 +/- 38, 156 +/- 41 and 161 +/- 42 mg/dl (p< 0.001) for premenopausal, menopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively. Mean LDL/HDL ratios were 3.4 +/- 1.4, 3.5 +/- 1.3 and 3.6 +/- 1.2 (p< 0.01) and mean waist measurements were 92 +/- 11, 93 +/- 12 and 95 +/- 12 cm (p< 0.001) for the same groups of women, respectively. However, body mass index, waist/hip ratio and triglycerides showed no significant differences between the three groups. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate an increase in CHD risk factors in a group of Tehranian women after the menopause.
Abdomen↗
Sustainable control of iodinedeficiency in Iran: beneficial results of the implementation of the mandatory law on salt iodization.
Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) were prevalent in the Islamic Republic (IR) of IRAN before 1989, when the national salt iodization program with 40 mg l/k of salt was initiated. Despite a comprehensive IDD control program, less than 50% of the households in rural areas consumed iodized salt by 1994. A law for the mandatory production of iodized salt for households was passed in 1994. The purpose of this study was to evaluate goiter status and urinary iodine excretion 2 yr after this law was implemented. In each of 26 provinces, 30 groups of 40 schoolchildren, total 36,178, were examined for goiter and classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Urinary iodine excretion was measured in 2,917 children by digestion method. Goiter was endemic in all provinces, but the majority were small (grade 1) goiter. Median urinary iodine was 20.5 microg/dl 85.1% had urinary iodine > or =10 microg/dl. Median urinary iodine was above 13 microg/dl in all 26 provinces. In all provinces the percentage of schoolchildren with urinary iodine <5 microg/dl was less than 16%. In nine provinces the median urinary iodine was between 13 to 20 microg/dl; urinary iodine of their schoolchildren was <5 microg/dl in 10.8% and <2 microg/dl in 6-9%. No significant difference was observed between boys and girls or children of rural and urban regions in urinary iodine excretion. We conclude that 7 yr after the beginning of salt iodization and 2 yr following mandatory iodized salt consumption, urinary iodine excretion is adequate in schoolchildren; considering the data of the percent of households consuming iodized salt and programmatic setting of the IDD program, The IR of Iran has reached a sustainable control program for iodine deficiency.
Child↗
Erdheim-Chester syndrome, presenting as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and diabetes insipidus.
Erdheim-Chester syndrome is a rare multisystem disease in which progressive xanthogranulomatous infiltration of several tissues are seen. Knee and leg pain are the most common symptoms and bilateral symmetric sclerosis of metaphyseal region of long bones of the lower extremity is typical. Histologically, it resembles Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). However, it is still a matter of discussion whether Erdheim-Chester syndrome is a distinct entity or a type of LCH. The present case is a 46-yr-old man, that presented with signs and symptoms of diabetes insipidus and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism simultaneously. X-rays and bone scintigraphy showed typical and pathogonomic findings of Erdheim-Chester syndrome. Bone biopsy and immunohistochemical staining strongly support the diagnosis of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Diabetes Insipidus↗
Thyroid function in breast-fed infants whose mothers take high doses of methimazole.
Recently, a few studies have shown the safety of methimazole (MMI) therapy of thyrotoxic lactating mothers on thyroid function of their infants. However, it is not known whether the effect of moderately high doses of MMI therapy on lactating mothers can be dangerous for breast-fed infants. Eighty-eight thyrotoxic lactating mothers and their infants were studied. 46 received 20 mg MMI and 42 were given 30 mg MMI during the first month, 10 mg for the second and 5-10 mg for additional 10 months of therapy. Serum T4, T3 and TSH concentrations and in hyperthyroid MMI treated mothers and their RT3U were measured in hyperthyroid MMI treated mothers and their infants, before and at 1, 2, 6, and 12 months after initiation of therapy. Serum MMI was measured in the infants of thyrotoxic mothers taking 20-30 mg MMI. Mean+/-SD of free T4 index (FT4I) in thyrotoxic mothers treated with 20 and 30 mg MMI for one month decreased from 20.1+/-4.2 to 9.7+/-1.5 (p<0.001) and from 20.6+/-4.8 to 8.6+/-3.0 (p<0.001), respectively. Values for free T3 index (FT3I) decreased from 587+/-53 to 180+/-39 (p<0.001) and from 610+/-49 to 151+/-31 (p<0.001) in those treated with 20 and 30 mg MMI, respectively. By the end of one month 5 had elevated FT4I or FT3I or both and 12 had elevated TSH. The dose of MMI was adjusted and thyroid function remained normal up to 12 months of MMI therapy in thyrotoxic lactating mothers. Serum T4, T3 and TSH concentrations of breast-fed infants were normal before and up to 12 months of MMI therapy of their breast-feeding mothers. The lowest T4 and T3 and the highest TSH values were 101 nmol/l, 1.8 nmol/l and 4.1 mU/l, respectively. Serum MMI levels were <0.03 in 7 and 0.03, 0.034 and 0.035 microg/ml in the other 3 infants. We conclude that the treatment of hyperthyroid lactating mothers with doses of 20-30 mg MMI day does not cause deleterious effects on thyroid function of their breast-fed infants.
Antithyroid Agents↗
Familial clustering of obesity and the role of nutrition: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the hypothesis that parent's dietary intakes are associated with their offspring's body mass index. DESIGN: Observational analytical cross-sectional survey among inhabitants of district 13 in the east of Tehran. SUBJECTS: A total of 117 healthy families comprising 474 subjects including 240 offspring (3-25 y old). MEASUREMENTS: Weight and height were measured by a standard protocol and body mass index (kg/m(2)) was calculated. Dietary intakes were assessed by means of a 2 day dietary recall questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was 11.8% in offspring of normal-weight parents, 19.0% in offspring of overweight fathers and normal-weight mothers, 25.4% in offspring of overweight mothers and normal-weight fathers and 40.8% in offspring with both parents overweight. The Offspring's overweight was significantly and independently associated with high-energy intake of both parents (odds ratio; 95% CI 2.7; 1.6-4.5). Adjusted for the sex of parents, the chances of offspring being overweight were higher in overweight (3.8; 1.5-9.2) and high-energy-intake mothers (2.6; 1.2-5.6) and high-energy-intake fathers (2.0; 1.1-3.9) as compared with children of normal-weight parents. High fat intake of husbands was an independent risk factor increasing the chances of their wives being overweight (2.1; 1.5-3.6) and vice versa (1.8; 1.2-2.8). CONCLUSION: The observed familial obesity pattern was shown to be associated with the familial dietary intakes. Hence, familial intervention seems essential to stop the accelerated rise in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in our community.
Adolescent↗
Distribution of blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension in Tehran adult population: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), 1999-2000.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the current prevalence and distribution of hypertension in an adult Tehranian population. Data were collected for 3343 men and 5148 women aged 20-69 years in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), which is a cross-sectional phase of a large epidemiologic study, first established in 1999. The study used the mean of two separate blood pressure (BP) measurements in each individual. Twenty-two percent (23% of women vs 20% of men, P = 0.01) had hypertension according to 'JNC-VI' and 'WHO-ISH' criteria. The average systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and pulse pressure of hypertensive participants were 31, 16, and 15 mm Hg higher than the corresponding value for normotensives, respectively. Thirty-six percent of participants with JNCVI-based hypertension were using antihypertensive medication (23% of men and 43% of women). Of these, 40% (45% of men and 39% of women) had normal BP. Hypertension awareness was 50% in these participants (57% in men vs 37% in women, P < 0.001). Data for 3179 men and 4646 women aged 20-69 years with no antihypertensive treatment were used for analysis of BP measures. Of these, 15% (16% of men and 14% of women, P = 0.006) had high and 85% (84% of men and 86% of women) normal or high-normal BP levels according to JNC-VI. Prevalence of optimal BP was 49% (47% of men and 51% of women). Mean SBP was 117.8 +/- 16.6 and 116.4 +/- 16.4 mm Hg in men and women, respectively (P < 0.001). The equivalent values were 77.4 +/- 10.7 and 77.3 +/- 9.9 mm Hg for DBP (P = 0.5) and 40.4 +/- 12 and 39.1 +/- 11.7 mm Hg for pulse pressure (P < 0.001). A relatively high prevalence of JNC-VI/WHO-ISH defined hypertension was found in the TLGS adult population with 50% undiagnosed and 60% uncontrolled hypertension. These findings emphasise further considerations for detection and better management of hypertension in the urban population of Tehran.
Adult↗
Three-year survey of effects of iodized oil injection in schoolchildren with iodine deficiency disorders.
High prevalence of goiter, other IDD such as impaired physical and intellectual growth and hearing deficit have been reported previously in Kiga. In order to evaluate the effect of iodized oil injection, this study was conducted in schoolchildren of Kiga village from 1989 to 1992. One ml of iodized oil solution containing 480 mg of iodine was injected into 198 schoolgirls and boys aged 8-14 years. Serum thyroid hormones, RT 3 U, TSH and thyroglobulin, before and 12, 24 and 36 months after the intra-muscular injection of iodized oil were measured. Assessment of urinary iodine was performed at the same periods by Foss method. Prior to the injection, all schoolchildren had goiters larger than grade 1 A (48% were grade 3); 3 years after intervention 20% had grades zero and 1 A and 8% grade 3 (P < 0.001). Urinary iodine was 11.4 +/- 19.8 before and increased to 113 +/- 63 and 83 +/- 66 microg/g creatinine 2 and 3 years after intervention. Mean serum T 4 was 5.0 +/- 2.1, 10.8 +/- 2.8, 9.8 +/- 2.5 and 9.5 +/- 2.1 microg/dl before and 12, 24 and 36 months after the injection, respectively (P < 0.001). Mean serum TSH was 20.3 +/- 22.8, 1.2 +/- 1.6, 0.8 +/- 1.2 and 2.2 +/- 0.9 mU/L in the same intervals, respectively (P < 0.001). Mean serum thyroglobulin was 132 +/- 107, 10 +/- 12 and 23 +/- 20 ng/ml before and at 2 and 3 years after injection, respectively (P < 0.001). Slight but significant increases in serum TSH and thyroglobulin occurred at 3 years after the injection. Findings show benefits of iodized oil administration in decreasing goiter size and in resuming normal thyroid function up to 3 years after the intervention. An increase in TSH and or thyroglobulin could be considered as the first sign of a fall in effectiveness of iodized oil injection.
Adolescent↗
Contraceptive methods and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in Tehranian women: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.
Combined oral contraceptive (COC) users were reported to be at high risk for vascular thromboembolism and cardiovascular diseases. This cross-sectional study was aimed at determining the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in COC users and non-users in Tehran in 1999. The subjects were 2480 married women aged 15-49 years among the 15 000 participants in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. The method of contraception (COCs, intrauterine devices (IUDs), condoms or coitus interruptus) was determined by questionnaire. Blood pressure, height and weight were measured. A 12-14 h fasting blood sample was taken for the determination of serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Two-hour postprandial plasma glucose, after 75 g oral glucose, was measured. Coitus interruptus, COC, condom and IUD were used in 48, 11, 4 and 5% of the individuals, respectively; 32% used no contraception. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL rates were within normal limits in all groups. No significant differences were observed in blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL between COC users and non-users. The present findings reveal the safety of COC pills in a group of Tehranian women. We recommend usage of COC pills in these women with respect to the background and confounding factors.
Adolescent↗