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Biomedical subjects

F Arias

Publications and source records attributed to F Arias.

86 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

A high-risk pregnancy management protocol.

A simple hihg-risk pregnancy management protocol is presented. Three basic quantitative tests of fetal-placental function are utilized. The advantages and proper application and interpretation of these laboratory tools are discussed. Perinatal outcome is analyzed in the initial 225 high-risk pregnancies managed according to the protocol. Over 94% of the infants achieved 5 minute Apgar scores of 8 or above. The corrected perinatal mortality rate was only 8.8 per 1,000 live births.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1975

Expansion of intravascular volume and fetal outcome in patients with chronic hypertension and pregnancy.

Measurements of blood volume were carried out between 24 and 40 weeks of gestation in 20 multiparous patients with chronic hypertension and pregnancy. Hypertensive patients had both reduced blood volume and infants of smaller weight (p less than 0.01) than nonhypertensive control subjects. There was a significant difference (p less than 0.01) in the degree of blood volume expansion in hypertensive mothers who were delivered of infants who were adequate for gestational age (AGA), term, or premature, compared to those who were delivered of infants who were small for gestational age (SGA) or stillborn. Classification of chronic hypertension during pregnancy according to the American Committee on Maternal Welfare classification or according to severity of the hypertension was of no value in identifying the mothers at risk of delivering intrauterine growth-retarded infants. However, failure in achieving a blood volume expansion of at least 60 c.c. per kilogram clearly identified those pregnancies leading to growth retardation and fetal death. The decrease or lack of intravascular volume expansion was reflected in the presence of creatinine clearance values at nonpregnant levels in the mothers who were delivered of SGA infants and in a significant reduction below the nonpregnant levels in those who were delivered of stillborn infants. These data suggest that measurement of blood volume and endogenous creatinine clearance in patients with chronic hypertension and pregnancy is a useful parameter in the identification of those patients who will have a poor fetal outcome.

Blood Volume↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thrombophilia: a mechanism of disease in women with adverse pregnancy outcome and thrombotic lesions in the placenta.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among adverse pregnancy outcome, the presence of thrombotic lesions in the placenta, and the frequency and type of laboratory abnormalities consistent with the presence of a thrombophilic state. A retrospective cohort study was designed to determine the frequency of laboratory abnormalities consistent with thrombophilia among patients with thrombotic lesions of the placenta and adverse pregnancy outcome. The workup for a thrombophilic state included anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, protein C and antithrombin III activities, protein S total and free, activated protein C resistance ratio, and Factor V Leiden mutation. Thrombotic lesions were identified by histopathologic examination of the placenta. Thirteen patients met the study criteria over an 11-month period. Seven patients were heterozygous for Factor V Leiden mutation (53.8%). Protein S deficiency was found in three cases (23.0%), and no hemostatic abnormality was detected in three cases (23.0%). Mothers with an adverse pregnancy outcome and thrombotic lesions of the placenta often have laboratory abnormalities indicative of a thrombophilic state. We propose that thrombophilia leading to thrombosis in the maternal and/or fetal circulations is a significant mechanism of disease during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3.0) Quality of Life questionnaire: validation study for Spain with head and neck cancer patients.

The EORTC Quality of Life Study Group has developed a questionnaire for evaluating Quality of Life in international clinical trials: QLQ-C30. The purpose of the present work is to validate the third version of this questionnaire (3.0) for use in Spain. Two hundred and one head and neck cancer patients completed the QLQ-C30 at one or two time points during the treatment and follow-up periods, and a subsample completed the questionnaire on three occasions. Psychometric evaluation of the structure, reliability and validity of the questionnaire was undertaken. The data support the structure and the reliability of the scales. Validity was confirmed in three ways: the interscale correlations are statistically significant and moderate, several scales and items discriminate among groups of patients with different scores on the clinical variables, and some scales reflect significant changes during treatment and the follow-up period. The EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3.0) is a reliable and valid questionnaire when applied to a sample of Spanish head and neck cancer patients. These results are in line with previous studies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alcohol disorders among patients with burns: crisis and opportunity.

A burn injury so severe that inpatient treatment is necessary is a crisis in any patient's life. For patients who also suffer from an alcohol use disorder, hospitalization may offer a unique opportunity to facilitate entry into appropriate treatment. In this study, 442 hospitalized patients with burns were evaluated, and 50 (11%) were diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder by DSM-III-R criteria. All but one of the injuries were deemed preventable. The average length of stay in hospital was 9 days longer for the alcohol group compared with the average stay in the burn center, resulting in additional costs of $337,500. Referral for treatment of the underlying alcohol disorder was recommended for fewer than half the patients. Thus, although the patients with alcohol use disorders had lengthy hospitalizations and were in circumstances that might permit the characteristic denial of alcoholism to be relinquished, the treatment team usually did not capitalize on this opportunity.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrastructural characteristics of Gardnerella vaginalis infection in the heterosexual couple.

Adhesion and penetration of Gardnerella vaginalis into the male urethral and female vaginal epithelial cells were evaluated in a prospective cohort study of infected females and their sexual partners. Vaginal secretions of 10 women with culture proven G. vaginalis infection and semen samples of their asymptomatic husbands were analyzed with conventional optical and electron microscopy. G. vaginalis was isolated in 50% of the male sexual partners of women harboring the microorganism. G. vaginalis adheres to the plasmatic membrane and penetrates into the cytoplasm of both vaginal and urethral epithelial cells. The ability of G. vaginalis to colonize the male lower genital tract may have clinical relevance with respect to the role of the male partner in the reinfection of women.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment with naltrexone in opiate dependents: 2 years' follow-up].

Outcome of a maintenance treatment with naltrexone (350 mg/week) are examined in a sample of 365 patients with opiate dependence disorder. Treatment was followed in an outpatient facility, in a setting similar to patient's own environment. The average attendance rate was of 198 days. Six months after the onset of the treatment, 52% of the patients still remained drug-free. Results of treatment was correlated with family support, HIV, work adjustment, use of other drugs and partner using drugs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neoplasm of the rhinopharynx: our experience].

We present 87 patients with cancer of the nasopharynx treated in the Fundación "Jiménez Díaz" de Madrid, in the last fifteen years. The clinical aspects of the illness, the therapeutic techniques and the results are analyzed. The global survival and the disease free survival at 5 years were 34 and 22% respectively. Survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma was somewhat better. Distant metastases was presented in 30% of patients. At present 16 patients are alive and free of disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative naturalistic study of the efficacy and tolerability of new antidepressants].

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare, in a naturalistic setting, the efficacy and tolerability of currently available Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and venlafaxine in out-patients from a primary psychiatric-care center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample was composed of 194 patients with mood disorders (major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder according to the DSM-IV criteria) who initiated treatment either with a SSRI (fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, and citalopram) or with venlafaxine. Baseline severity of the mood disorder was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and therapeutic response was measured with the Clinical Global Impression for Therapeutic Improvement. Tolerability was assessed by recording spontaneously reported adverse experiences. Patients were followed up for six months, with subjects made three o more intermediate visits. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the efficacy of the antidepressants under study, but there were differences in the incidence and profiles of adverse events. Fluoxetine was associated with the lowest incidence of adverse effects in a logistical regression model. Particular events seemed to be associated with certain treatments; gastrointestinal discomfort (fluvoxamine), tremor (sertraline) and anticholinergic effects (venlafaxine).

Adolescent↗