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Biomedical subjects

F Andrasik

Publications and source records attributed to F Andrasik.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Smoking and carbon monoxide levels during pregnancy.

Self-reports of smoking status and breath tests for carbon monoxide were collected in prenatal outpatients. The breath test for carbon monoxide appeared to be a valid and specific measure of smoking status during pregnancy. Of the 179 patients surveyed, 99 reported they had smoked during the present pregnancy. Nineteen of the smokers reported they had quit during the present pregnancy and 46 reported that they smoked fewer cigarettes than at the beginning of their pregnancy. Most of the quitters and reducers stated that they had stopped or reduced their intake early in pregnancy and for pregnancy-related reasons; however, neither parity, nausea or vomiting, marital status, nor requests of physicians or family were associated with higher rates of smoking cessation or reduction. Most of the pregnant smokers were interested in stopping smoking, but few attended a free treatment program.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Psychological functioning in headache sufferers.

The present study examined the psychological test responses of 99 headache sufferers and 30 matched nonheadache controls. Headache subjects were of four types: migraine (n = 26), muscle contraction (n = 39), combined migraine-muscle contract ion (n = 22), and cluster (n = 12). Measures consisted of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, a modified hostility scale derived from the MMPI, Back Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Autonomic Perception Questionnaire, Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, Social Readjustment Rating Scale, Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist, Schalling-Sifneos Scale, Need for Achievement, and Hostile Press. Significant differences were found on five clinical scales of the MMPI--1, 2, 3, 6, and 7. Of the non-MMPI scales, only the Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist and Trait Anxiety Inventory were significant. Control subjects revealed no significant findings on any tests. The headache groups fell along a continuum, beginning with cluster subjects, who showed only minimal distress, continuing through migraine and combined migraine-muscle contraction, and ending with muscle contraction subjects, who revealed the greatest degree of psychological disturbance. However, none of the headache groups could be characterized by marked elevations on any of the psychological tests, which contrasts with past research findings. It is suggested that the present results may be more representative of the "typical" headache sufferer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Cross-validation of the Kudrow-Sutkus MMPI classification system for diagnosing headache type.

In order to determine the generality of the Kudrow-Sutkus (1979) MMPI classification system for diagnosing headache type, a cross-validation analysis was performed on 99 headache subjects. Results indicated a high level of support for Kudrow-Sutkus' Group A (migraine and cluster) classification criteria (65.4% and 75.0% correct assignments for female and male subjects, respectively) but a low level of support for Kudrow-Sutkus' Group B (combined and chronic scalp muscle tension) classification criteria (5.9% and 25.2% correct assignments for female and male subjects, respectively). Possible reasons accounting for these differences are discussed.

Cluster Headache↗
PubMed1981

The relationship between muscle discrimination ability and response to relaxation training in three kinds of headaches.

Accurate discrimination of changes in physiological response has been noted as an important element in learning to control that response. Using a magnitude production procedure involving forearm isometric contractions, it was found that the ability to discriminate muscle tension varied across headache groups, with the no-headache control group (r = .76) being most accurate, followed by the tension group (r = .68), the mixed tension and migraine group (r = .60), and finally the migraine group (r = .51). The most important result, however, was that muscle discrimination ability significantly predicted clinical outcome from treatment by relaxation training for tension headache subjects (r = .50) but did not predict outcome for migraine or mixed headache subjects.

Arm↗
PubMed1980

A comparison of EMG biofeedback and a credible pseudotherapy in treating tension headache.

Thirty-one tension headache sufferers were assigned to frontalis electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback training, to a highly credible pseudotherapy providing no opportunity to learn control of EMG activity, or to a symptom-monitoring control group. Participants receiving biofeedback showed significant reductions in frontalis EMG within and across treatment sessions and exhibited reduced EMG activity following treatment. Participants receiving pseudotherapy showed no changes in EMG activity. Although biofeedback and pseudotherapy were rated as equally credible treatments, only the headache activity of the biofeedback group was significantly improved following treatment. These results suggest that outcomes obtained with biofeedback do not result merely from exposure to a credible treatment procedure. Evidence suggesting that headache improvements may be mediated by cognitive and behavioral changes and not the learned control of physiological activity is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Behavioral and pharmacological treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders.

Single-case experimental designs were used to evaluate behavioral and pharmacological treatments in obsessive-compulsive disorders. Four patients were treated in variants of ABAB withdrawal design using behavioral and self-report data as dependent variables. Three of the four patients responded to behavioral or pharmacological treatment, whereas one patient responded to neither intervention.

Adolescent↗