Retrovesical cellular schwannoma.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
F Alonso
Publications and source records attributed to F Alonso.
Monoclonal antibodies specific for porcine monocytes/macrophages: macrophage heterogeneity in the pig evidenced by the expression of surface antigens.
Macrophages are widely distributed in most tissues of the body, where they play important roles in host defense and repair of tissue damage. In this report we describe the production and characterization of a panel of six monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against porcine macrophages and their use for phenotyping tissue macrophages. All mAbs were produced by immunizing mice with porcine alveolar macrophages. Three of them (2A10/11, 3B11/11 and 3F7/11) react mainly with macrophages and, at a lower extent, blood monocytes, whereas the others (1E12/11, 2C12/10 and 4E9/11) also recognize granulocytes. Antigens recognized by these antibodies could be characterized by Western blot and/or immunoprecipitation, with the exception of that one recognized by 2C12/10. By their behavior in SDS-PAGE under reducing and nonreducing conditions, all seem to be single polypeptides, whose apparent molecular weight under reducing conditions are: 1E12/11 and 3B11/11 larger than 204 kDa; 2A10/11, 150 kDa; 4E9/11, 125-170 kDa; and 3F7/11, 135 kDa. Immunohistochemical analyses of both lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs using these mAbs reveal important antigenic heterogeneity among tissue macrophages. These mAbs are, therefore, useful tools for the study of porcine macrophage maturation and differentiation and for determining their heterogeneity both in normal and pathological conditions.
Animals↗
Plasma levels of beta-endorphin during the menstrual cycle.
During recent years, many research teams have suggested a possible role of endogenous opiates in the control of the menstrual cycle. The level of immunoreactive beta-endorphin was measured on different days during the ovulatory cycle of 131 healthy volunteers. The levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone were also measured. The graphic representation of opiate levels during the female menstrual cycle, where day O is the day of ovulation, shows that plasmatic beta-endorphin levels are not stable throughout. The levels increase progressively during the follicular phase, reaching a maximum (mean 139.49 pg/ml, SD 42.23 pg/ml, 95% confidence interval 121.22-157.75 pg/ml) 4 days before ovulation. During the periovulatory period (days-3 to +3) levels of beta-endorphin are very stable (mean day 0, 27.8 pg/ml, SD 6.36 pg/ml, 95% confidence interval 19.29-27.83 pg/ml) and low (p < 0.05), followed by a renewed increase during the luteal phase (mean day + 5, 87.86 pg/ml, SD 36.49 pg/ml) where a maximum level (mean 102.78 pg/ml, SD 30.35 pg/ml) is reached 24 h before the next menses. The beta-endorphin level has a negative correlation with the LH level (r = -0.50, p < 0.001) on the preovulatory days, and during the luteal phase a positive linear correlation (r = 0.47, p < 0.001) is found with the progesterone level. It seems that beta-endorphin levels in the plasma are influenced by the ovarian steroids. However, the influence of the plasmatic opiate on the gonadotropins is currently under discussion.
Adolescent↗
Monoclonal antibody 2F4/11 recognizes the alpha chain of a porcine beta 2 integrin involved in adhesion and complement mediated phagocytosis.
The characterization of a new mAb, named 2F4/11, specific for porcine myelomonocytic cells is described. This mAb immunoprecipitates a non-covalently linked heterodimer of 155,000/95,000, which is expressed by granulocytes, monocytes and tissue macrophages but not by lymphocytes, erythrocytes or platelets. Immunoblot analysis localizes the 2F4/11 epitope on the largest subunit of the heterodimer. Mab 2F4/11 is able to block phagocytosis of complement-opsonized zymosan particles by PMN granulocytes and alveolar macrophages, as well as adherence to plastic surfaces of PMA-activated PMN. Together, these results suggest that mAb 2F4/11 recognizes the CD11b or alpha chain of the porcine complement type 3 receptor (CR3).
Animals↗
[Rotavirus infection: clinical characteristics and time of elimination of the rotavirus antigen in the feces].
BACKGROUND: A prospective study was performed during three years with 76 children hospitalized with the diagnose of rotaviral gastroenteritis. The aim of our study were to evaluate the clinical features of the rotaviral gastroenteritis, the excretion time of rotavirus in stools and the nosocomial rotavirus infection. METHODS: The detection of the rotaviral antigen in stool was performed using a rapid test based on latex aglutination (Rotalex). For the determination of the excretion time of rotavirus in stools the test was performed daily in 69 children until the results was negative. Furthermore, a clinical study of the patients was carried out. RESULTS: In 39 cases (51.3%) the gastroenteritis was acquired in the community and 37 cases (48.7%) were nosocomially acquired. The most frequent clinical presentation was an acute diarrhea (96%) with vomiting (63.2%) and fever (63.2%). Only three patients did not have diarrhea. The mean duration of diarrhea was between 3-4 days with a highest duration of 10 days. Most of the patients (58%) had an excretion time of rotaviral antigen lower or equal than 3 days, with an extreme value of 14 days. CONCLUSIONS: In our study rotaviral infection occurred mainly in the cooler winter months and in children younger than 6 months of age. A high nosocomial infection level (48.7%) was detected. Vomiting often preceded the onset of diarrhea and fever. The excretion time of rotaviral antigen was independent of the clinical course.
Antigens, Viral↗
Inhibition of IL-2R and SLA class II expression on stimulated lymphocytes by a suppressor activity found in homogenates of African swine fever virus infected cultures.
Virus free supernatants (VFS) obtained by ultracentrifugation of homogenates of African swine fever (ASF) virus infected cultures inhibited the proliferative response and the expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two activation molecules, the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) and the swine MHC class II antigens (SLA II), induced by several stimuli (lectins, PMA plus the calcium ionophore A23187 or specific antigen). This inhibition was time dependent: no effect was seen on IL-2R expression when VFS was added after 48 h, when the expression of this molecule reached its maximum. However at this time the proliferative response was still inhibited. The presence of VFS in the cultures was necessary to inhibit both the IL-2R expression and the proliferation of cells. In these conditions the addition of exogenous IL-2 to the cultures failed to restore the IL-2R expression and the proliferation shown by control stimulated cells. Furthermore, the IL-2 activity found in supernatants from cell cultures stimulated with Con A in the presence of VFS was even higher than in cultures stimulated without VFS. The inhibition observed suggests an important impairment of host immunocompetence in ASF infected swine.
African Swine Fever Virus↗
[Aortic intramural hematoma. An atypical pattern equivalent to aortic dissection].
A case is presented of a hypertensive woman who had suffered a stabbing back pain for some three hours, with mild irradiation to precordium and accompanied by vegetative signs. A sinusal rhythm and negative T waves of little depth were seen on the ECG. A transthoracic bidimensional echocardiogram (TTE) showed a normal left ventricle with a somewhat dilated aortic root and the existence of a double echo running parallel to the anterior wall of the aorta but non-ondulating and without a visible intimal flap. Because of suspected aortic dissection an urgent contrasted CAT and a transesophageal echocardiogram were performed. These were informed as an aneurysm of the aortic root with mural thrombus from the ascending to descending aorta, but with no existing intimal flap suggesting dissection. A cardiac catheterization showed a mildly some dilated aortic root without dissection signs and normal left ventricle and coronary arteries. The patient was presented for surgical evaluation but, since no dissection was present, was not considered urgent surgery; she was admitted to the coronary unit and died 48 hours later in a situation of acute pericardial tamponade, documented by TTE, surely due to rupture of the aortic root to pericardial sack. This way of presenting threatened aorta rupture that has been only recently recognized is discussed, as well as some misconceptions which must be avoided.
Aged↗
[Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum simulating an atrial mass in a patient with a pulmonary embolism: its diagnosis by transesophageal echocardiography and percutaneous biopsy].
A case of lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum in a patient with a history of repeated pulmonary embolism is presented. Thickening of the interatrial septum mimicking the presence of a right atrial mass was evidenced by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Lipomatous hypertrophy was suspected. The diagnostic was confirmed by echo guided (transesophageal) percutaneous transvenous biopsy. To our knowledge, there is no relationship between lipomatous hypertrophy and pulmonary embolism and in this case, it could be associated with smoking habit and oral contraceptives.
Adult↗
Left atrial free-floating thrombus with multiple systemic emboli in orthotopic heart transplantation.
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Echocardiography↗
Analysis of T lymphocyte subsets proliferating in response to infective and UV-inactivated African swine fever viruses.
The proliferative response to infective and UV-inactivated African swine fever virus was analyzed in cells from pigs surviving an experimental infection with attenuated virus. All the pigs showed strong dose-dependent proliferative responses to both infective and UV-inactivated virus. This response was also observed when nitrocellulose-bound solubilized virus proteins were used in the assay. Heterologous isolates also induced proliferation, however it was significantly lower than that induced by the isolate used to infect the animals. The response to infective virus was blocked equally by anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies (mAb); the response to UV-inactivated virus was almost abolished by anti-CD4 and 60% inhibited by anti-CD8 mAb. FACS analysis of 28-day T cell lines derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated the progressive increase of the CD8+ subset when the cells were stimulated with infective virus, whereas the stimulation with UV-inactivated virus induced the increase of both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. In this case, the sum of CD4+ and CD8+ percentages was higher than the total percentage of T cells, suggesting the presence of cells positive for both CD4+ and CD8+.
African Swine Fever↗
Heterotypic lymphoproliferative response in pigs vaccinated with foot-and-mouth disease virus. Involvement of isolated capsid proteins.
The in vitro viral lymphoproliferative response of pigs vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has been characterized. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from immunized animals up to 1 year post-immunization (p.i.) showed a time-dependent FMDV-specific response, as assayed by virus-specific cellular blastogenesis. The optimum viral concentration decreased with time (around 20 weeks p.i.), and the response was faster and weaker. Lymphoproliferation appeared to be mainly due to CD4+ T cells. The response was heterotypic, being induced by all FMDV serotypes tested (C, A and O) after only two vaccinations with FMDV of serotype C (C-S8). Each individual structural protein assessed (VP1, VP2 and VP3) induced proliferation, with VP3 and VP1 being more effective stimulators. In vitro serum neutralization activity and FMDV-specific IgG production were found to be active even at 1 year p.i.
Animals↗
[Thrombocytosis in a Ph1 positive chronic myeloproliferative syndrome. Chronic myeloid leukemia or essential thrombocythemia].
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Aged↗
Inhibition of natural killer activity in porcine mononuclear cells by African swine fever virus.
The coincubation at 37 degrees C for 24 hours of swine peripheral blood mononuclear cells with African swine fever virus inhibited in part the natural killer activity shown by cells incubated without the virus. This inhibition depended on the dose of the virus and on the time that cells were incubated with it. When the virus preparation was fractionated by ultracentrifugation, most of the inhibitory activity was found in the sedimented fraction, where viral particles were present; however, the loss of inhibitory activity in respect to the whole virus preparation indicated that some inhibitory activity was present in the supernatant fraction, probably as factors released by infected cells. Most of the inhibitory activity shown by the sedimented fraction was lost when the virus was inactivated by ultraviolet radiation, indicating an active role of virus infectivity in the inhibition.
African Swine Fever Virus↗
Inhibitory effect of African swine fever virus on lectin-dependent swine lymphocyte proliferation.
The incubation of swine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with African swine fever (ASF) virus preparations strongly inhibited the proliferative response of lymphocytes to PHA and other lectins. The inhibition, which persisted after inactivation of the virus by UV radiation, was dependent upon the dose and the time that virus preparations were present in cultures. When virus preparations were fractionated by ultracentrifugation, the inhibitory activity resulted to be soluble, whereas no activity was found in the sedimented viral fraction. However, the preincubation during 4 days of this sedimented fraction with swine PBMC, before the addition of the mitogen, restored the inhibitory activity. The results obtained suggest that the inhibition is mediated by one or more soluble factors released by swine PBMC after coincubation with ASF virus in a time dependent process. These factors show a molecular weight between 40 and 80 kDa by gel filtration chromatography. The inhibitory activity described in the present paper is an indication of inhibition of lymphocyte function produced by ASF virus which can help to understand how this virus escapes from the host immune system.
African Swine Fever↗
Expression of swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus envelope antigens on the surface of infected cells: epitopes externally exposed.
The peplomer protein (S) and the transmembrane protein (M) of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) of swine were identified by iodination and serologically on the surface of infected cells. Of a total of 4 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against four antigenic sites of S protein (Correa et al., 1988), 3 specific for sites A, B and D attached to the plasma membrane of infected cells, as disclosed by indirect immunofluorescence and by complement-mediated cytolysis. Four of the mAbs assayed were specific for the viral protein M and two of them gave plasma membrane immunofluorescence and mediated cytolysis in the presence of complement. The viral nucleoprotein N could not be demonstrated on the surface of infected cells either by iodination or employing 3 mAbs against this protein. Finally, a time course infection experiment demonstrated that S and M proteins were expressed on the surface of infected cells at 4 h after infection, before infective virus was released from infected cells.
Animals↗
[Polycystic nephroma: imaging diagnosis and its pathologic correlation. Apropos of a case].
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Child, Preschool↗
A cytosolic phospholipase in human neutrophils that hydrolyzes arachidonoyl-containing phosphatidylcholine.
In stimulated neutrophils the production of eicosinoids and the lipid mediator, platelet-activating factor, is thought to be initiated by the activation of a phospholipase A2 which cleaves arachidonic acid from choline-containing glycerophospholipids. Accordingly, studies were undertaken in human neutrophils to characterize phospholipase enzymes that can hydrolyze 1-acyl- and 1-alkyl-linked arachidonoyl-containing phosphatidylcholine (PC). Cellular homogenates were incubated with sonicated dispersions of the arachidonoyl-labeled phospholipid substrates and the hydrolysis of radiolabeled arachidonate was measured. The phospholipase activity was cytosolic, optimal at pH 8.0, and calcium dependent. The homogenization conditions used were important in determining the amount of recoverable enzymatic activity. Vigorous sonication and the presence of calcium during homogenization were strongly inhibitory, whereas the presence of EGTA, heparin and proteinase inhibitors during homogenization increased the activity. Competitive experiments with unlabeled substrates suggested that the phospholipase hydrolyzed arachidonic acid equally well from either 1-acyl- or 1-alkyl-linked PC. However, the phospholipase did show specificity for arachidonic acid, compared to oleic or linoleic acids, at the sn-2 position of 1-acyl-linked PC. When neutrophils were first stimulated with the ionophore A23187, the phospholipase activity against 1-O-hexadecyl-2-[3H]arachidonoylglycerophosphocholine (GPC) increased in a time-dependent fashion up to 3.5-fold over the unstimulated level. The activity against 1-palmitoyl-2-[3H]arachidonoyl-GPC also increased after ionophore stimulation but to a lesser extent. The results demonstrate the presence of a cytosolic, activatable phospholipase that may be involved in PC turnover, arachidonic acid release, and platelet-activating factor production in human neutrophils.
Arachidonic Acid↗
Synthesis of platelet-activating factor from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: regulation and pharmacological approaches.
Human polymorphonuclears release a platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) when challenged with various stimuli. PAF-acether is a mediator that is synthesized during cell activation in a process in which a phospholipase A2 and an acetyltransferase take part. These enzymes are finely regulated and accordingly PAF-acether release may be modulated. The authors have studied some of the transductory mechanisms which are triggered during cell stimulation and the effect of their pharmacological modulation on PAF-acether release. Theophylline, methylisobutylxanthine and dipyridamole, which block phosphodiesterase of cyclic nucleotides, induce a dose-dependent inhibition of PAF-acether release without affecting phagocytic uptake. Polyamines (dansylcadaverine, rimantadine and amantadine) reduced PAF-acether release and the phagocytic process in an order of potency similar to their ability to inhibit phospholipid methylation and the cholinephosphotransferase pathway. The calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine induced a dose-dependent inhibition of PAF-acether release and acetyltransferase at concentrations from 10(-4) to 10(-5) M. Hence it appears that modulation of PAF-acether release can be obtained by different pharmacological blockades: phosphodiesterase of cyclic nucleotides, phospholipid metabolism and calcium-calmodulin.
Acetyltransferases↗