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Biomedical subjects

F Alexander

Publications and source records attributed to F Alexander.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

A comparison of the antibacterial properties of some udder creams and ointments.

The antibacterial activity of three udder creams and two ointments was assayed using three different methods. Seven different bacterial genera were used as test organisms providing a total of 17 strains. Only a single strain of corynebacterium was inhibited by all the preparations. Certain strains of staphylococci and streptococci were inhibited by four of the preparations. The gram-negative organisms showed greatest resistance to the antibacterial agents tested. The in vitro assays showed only one of the five preparations to have even slight bactericidal activity. These preparations when tested on the teats of dry and lactating cows showed similar results to the in vitro experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Studies with a PNMT inhibitor.

DCTQ (SK&F 64139) is a potent inhibitor of both adrenal and central nervous system (CNS) phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT). In animal studies, a plasma level of 0.35 microgram/ml was associated with 50% inhibition of both adrenal and central PNMT. We performed single-dose phase I studies with DCTQ in man. Plasma drug levels up to 6.26 microgram/ml were readily obtained. There were few subjective and no objective clinical changes. DCTQ did not alter blood pressure or cause CNS symptoms in man. Furthermore, resting plasma and urinary catecholamines did not change after DCTQ. The study suggests that acute inhibition of PNMT under resting conditions is without significant clinical effect.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1979

Ticrynafen: site of natriuretic activity.

Studies were performed with ticrynafen (tienilic acid) to determine its natriuretic site of action, detailed electrolyte excretion, and its effect on acid excretion and bicarbonate reabsorption. With 500 and 1,000 mg oral doses under conditions of water diuresis, there was a decrease in free water excretion as osmolar clearance increased. During hydropenia, there was no change in free-water reabsorption as osmolar clearance increased. Maximum sodium excretion reached 5.2% of the filtered load. At 500 mg doses, there was no effect on phosphate excretion; with 1,000 mg doses, there was a reduction in phosphate excretion. During bicarbonate infusion, there was no change in the absolute or percent reabsorption of bicarbonate. After chronic administration of ticrynafen, there was no impairment of excretion of al acute acid load. Uric acid excretion increased at least threefold in all studies. The studies indicate that at 500 and 1,000 mg oral doses, ticrynafen has the characteristics of a diuretic which is active in the cortical diluting segment of the distal nephron.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Tienilic acid: pharmacokinetics, salicylate interaction and creatinine secretion studies.

Tienilic acid is a diuretic-uricosuric compound whose natriuretic site of action is in the cortical diluting segment of the distal nephron. Oral doses of 250 mg given to normal human volunteers provided peak blood levels of 10--11 micrograms/ml at 3--4 hours after administration. Approximately 40% of the dose was recovered in 24 hours, 30% as the parent compound and 10% as the alcohol and diacid metabolites. A 650 mg dose of acetylsalicylic acid significantly decreased the uricosuric effect of tienilic acid by inhibiting uric acid secretion. Urine pH fell significantly with tienilic acid administration. Tienilic acid inhibited salicylate excretion by either competition for tubular secretion or by increasing passive, pH dependent reabsorption. In normal subjects given a creatinine load, tienilic acid did not inhibit creatinine secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Ticrynafen, a uricosuric antihypertensive diuretic.

Ticrynafen, a diuretic-uricosuric also effective as an antihypertensive, was compared in single doses with several other diuretics. Over an 8-hr period, a 250- mg dose exerted natriuretic activity comparable to that of 25 mg of chlorthalidone and 50 mg of ethacrynic acid; a 500-mg dose was comparable to 50 mg chlorthalidone and 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide. Ticrynafen combined with furosemide had an additive effect, whereas a combination with hydrochlorothiazide was not additive. In both doses ticrynafen was a uricosuric and this effect was maintained when given with furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide, both of which individually were slightly antiuricosuric. Ticrynafen may be useful in patients requiring a diuretic in whom it is desirable to avoid hyperuricemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of cimetidine on renal function in normal man.

To evaluate the effect of acute histamine H2-receptor blockade on renal function, renal function studies were performed in a control state and after cimetidine. Studies included acid excretion in response to acid loading, bicarbonate reabsorption during bicarbonate infusion, and urinary concentrating ability. Cimetidine produced no significant effect on any of these functions. During bicarbonate infusion, inulin clearance remained constant while creatinine clearance fell, possibly because of an effect on tubular creatinine secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The effect of some anti-diarrhoeal drugs on intestinal transit and faecal excretion of water and electrolytes in the horse.

The effect of morphine, Tinct. opii, loperamide, pethidine and atropine on intestinal transit and the faecal and urinary excretion of water and electrolytes was studied in ponies. The rate of passage of a particulate marker was slowed by morphine, hastened then slowed by loperamide and Tinct. opii, and hastened by atropine. The liquid marker was slowed by Tinct. opii and hastened then slowed by the other drugs. Only loperamide decreased the faecal sodium excretion. This drug also decreased faecal water and weight; it appeared worthy of clinical trial in diarrhoea. Tinct. opii decreased by morphine, pethidine and atropine increased faecal water.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

On the advantages of specific airway resistance.

The specific airway resistance (SRaw) is a relatively precise parameter of bronchial quality and in normal children its relation with body length, although very significant (P less than 0.001), is so poor that it can safely be disregarded (Fig. 4). Also the dispersion around the mean value remains stable at any body size (Fig. 4). Contrasting with the inverse relation between airway resistance (Raw) and lung volume, SRaw does not show any systematic variation with lung filling (Fig. 5). These data are consistent with the new formulas: SRaw = tg beta (PB - PH2O) and Raw = SRaw/TGV in which tg beta stands for relation between the plethysmographic box volume and breathing flow fluctuations (Fig. 2); PB - PH2O represents the ambient pressure corrected for water vapor pressure at body temperature; TGV is the thoracic gas volume at mean expiratory level. In disease SRaw varies more rapidly and markedly with any alteration of the airways than does Raw (Fig. 6). Consequently, a normal value for SRaw would indicate that both Raw and TGV must be in a normal range.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Oral treatment of great ichthyotic disorders by ethylester retinoid (author's transl)].

Observations of 3 different great ichthyotic disorders, no longer responding to local keratolytics and to oral vitamin A are reported: a case of erythrokeratoderma variabilis, one of ichthyosiform erythroderma, and one of bullous ichthyosiform hyperkeratosis. After a week of oral treatment by the ethylester retinoid (Ro 10-9359), the hyperkeratotic component of each disease already improved dramatically. A maintenance treatment had to be continued. With equal or superior keratolytic effects, the retinoid has lower toxicity and less important side-effects than retinoic acid itself. The ethylester retinoid is nowadays the choice oral treatment in these great hyperkeratotic disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A contribution to the study of fluoride excretion.

Three population groups (two of them consisting of school-going children) with a low content of fluoride in the drinking water have been used to investigate parameters influencing fluoride excretion. For the population living in an area contaminated by F-air pollution, there was no significant effect of age or sex from 3 to 17 years. For the population living in a non-contaminated area, there is an increase with age. The data are distributed according to log normal. To determine these excretion levels, first-morning samples were used and it is concluded that for population research (not necessarily for individuals) this is more practical than 24-h samples and yield reliable results. To correct for urine concentration, correlation with Ca2+, Cl- and creatinine were investigated. Low or insignificant correlations were obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Analysis of the proteins in sweat and urine by agarose-gel isotachophoresis.

A sensitive and practical method is described for the analysis of the proteins contained in human sweat and urine which does not require pre-concentration of the sample. Technical details are provided of the agarose-gel isotachophoresis and the proteinograms of normal and pathological urine samples, as well as proteinograms of human sweat. The method can also be applied as an electro-concentration system in a field-strength gradient. By means of this electro-concentration system, and in combination with immunodiffusion against monospecific antisera, a detection limit of albumin of 50 ng/ml has been obtained.

Albumins↗
PubMed1977

Maturational delay and temporal growth retardation in asthmatic boys.

Growth in height, bone age, and sexual maturation have been studied in asthmatic boys 2 to 20 yr of age. The mean pattern of growth in height has been analyzed mixed-longitudinally in 531 patients (1,754 measures) and seemed to be determined by a delay in physiologic maturation. The asthmatic boys' growth in height showed no retardation during infancy, a small but consistent retardation during childhood, a more pronounced delay at adolescence, and a catch-up growth toward adulthood. The mean adolescent growth spurt is delayed by about 1.3 yr. Bone age has been analyzed mixed-longitudinally in a subsample of 370 patients (660 observations) and showed a slight retardation at all ages between 6 and 13 yr. Development of pubic hair of 91 subjects analyzed cross-sectionally was definitely retarded when compared to adequate reference data. Evidence was given that factors secondary to the asthmatic syndrome are involved in the retardation of growth and development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

IgA nephropathy.

This presentation attempts to define the criteria for diagnosis of the suggested clinicopathologic entity of IgA nephropathy. Of 250 patients in whom renal biopsies with immunofluorescence, light and electron microscopic, and clinical data were available, 12 patients (4.8 per cent) showed predominance of IgA with localization mainly in the mesangium, a variable degree of mesangial cell proliferation, and increased mesangial matrix on light microscopy. Electron densities were restricted to the mesangium and paramesangial areas. IgA was accompanied by C3 only in two patients, by IgG and C3 in five, and by IgG, IgM, and C3 in five. Properdin was found in 11 of these 12 cases. There was a marked male predominance. All showed gross or microscopic hematuria and variable proteinuria. Ten had had normal renal function tests at the time of presentation, and there was no significant worsening of renal function in the 11 patients followed for six to 84 months after biopsy. No morphologic change was detected in two repeat biopsies six and seven years after the initial biopsies. These 12 patients appear to form a distinct clinicopathologic entity. They can only be separated from other glomerular disorders with IgA when the morphologic and clinical findings are considered in combination with the finding of diffuse IgA predominance on renal biopsy.

Complement C3↗
PubMed1977

The effect of diuretics on the faecal excretion of water and electrolytes in horses.

1. The effect on plasma, urinary and faecal electrolytes of frusemide and hydrochlorthiazide was measured in ponies, mean weight 180 kg. 2. The rapid loss in urine of large quantities of sodium had only a small effect on plasma sodium concentration. 3. Faecal sodium excretion was increased substantially after the administration of frusemide. 4. Frusemide increased faecal potassium during the 48 h following administration and faecal water in the 24/48 h period. It also produced a hypopotassaemia. 5. Hydrochlorthiazide increased faecal chloride during the 24 h after administration. 6. Frusemide increased the intestinal transit time of both liquid (polyethylene glycol) and particulate (Cr2O3) markers.

Animals↗