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Biomedical subjects

F A Treiber

Publications and source records attributed to F A Treiber.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Family history of hypertension and cardiovascular reactivity to forehead cold stimulation in black male children.

The effects of family history of hypertension on cardiovascular reactivity to forehead cold stimulation was examined in 16 black males from 11 to 14 years of age. Measures of blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance were obtained during baseline, forehead cold stimulation and recovery phases. Diastolic blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance increases to the forehead cold stimulation were significantly greater in subjects with positive family histories of hypertension than in those with negative family histories. These findings are compared with the results of adult studies and discussed in terms of racial differences in alpha and beta-adrenergically mediated cardiovascular reactivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Individual and cross-spouse correlations of perceptions of family functioning, blood pressure and dimensions of anger.

Individual and cross-spouse correlations of perceptions of family cohesiveness, emotional expressiveness and conflict with blood pressure and five dimensions of anger were examined in 85 couples. Wives' perceptions of family cohesiveness were negatively related to their diastolic blood pressure, whereas husbands' perceptions of all three dimensions of family functioning were unrelated to their blood pressure. Cross-spouse correlations showed that both husbands' and wives' perceptions of emotional expressiveness were negatively related to their spouses' blood pressure, and husbands' perceived family cohesiveness was negatively related to wives' diastolic blood pressure. Individual and cross-spouse correlations with dimensions of anger were also obtained. These findings are discussed in terms of prior cross-spouse correlational research, and gender differences in the pattern of relationships are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Dietary assessment instruments for preschool children: reliability of parental responses to the 24-hour recall and a food frequency questionnaire.

Nutrient intakes of preschool-age children were assessed with a 24-hour dietary recall and a 3-month food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Parents of 55 preschoolers (mean age = 4.25 +/- 0.59 years) completed the recall and FFQ on two occasions 1 week apart. The recalls and FFQs were analyzed for energy, cholesterol, protein, total carbohydrate, calcium, sodium, potassium, and saturated, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated fats; each nutrient was expressed as raw value, value per kg body weight, and value per 1,000 kcal. Test-retest reliability estimates for the 24-hour recall indicated significant variability in reported total energy intake, but stable reports of intake were observed for one or all units of expression for polyunsaturated fats, cholesterol, protein, total carbohydrate, calcium, and potassium. The FFQ showed significant positive test-retest reliability estimates for all nutrients for all units of expression. Comparison of the recall and FFQ data showed similar percentages of intakes of energy from fat, carbohydrate, and protein and significant correlations for reported intakes of cholesterol, protein, calcium, and potassium. Comparison of the recall and FFQ data with recall data from a comparable cohort showed lower reported intakes for our sample, with the exception of protein, carbohydrate, calcium, and potassium. If validation studies are successful, the FFQ may be useful in epidemiological studies of preschoolers' intakes over extended periods. The recall may prove to be a useful tool in the assessment of day-to-day variations in macronutrient intakes.

Calcium, Dietary↗
PubMed1989

Exercise-induced differences in cardiac output, blood pressure, and systemic vascular resistance in a healthy biracial population of 10-year-old boys.

Previous studies have documented systolic blood pressure differences in response to dynamic exercise when blacks were compared with whites. This study was performed to validate these data and to determine if the cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance responses to exercise are different in a biracial population of 10-year-old boys. Nineteen blacks and 31 whites underwent maximum supine graded exercise tests with Doppler determination of cardiac output and measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance. The blacks had a body surface area that was marginally larger than that of the whites, but no differences were noted in height or weight. Working capacities, when indexed by weight, were virtually identical between the two groups. No differences were noted in either systolic or diastolic blood pressure during preexercise, maximum exercise, or early and late recovery. White males had significantly higher cardiac indexes during preexercise, maximum exercise, and early and late recovery. Black males had greater systemic vascular resistance during preexercise, maximum exercise, and early and late recovery. Thus, the black children's blood pressure responses to exercise were comparable with those of the white children but they had a greater systemic vascular resistance and lower cardiac index. These racial differences may serve as potential markers for the prehypertensive state.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1989

Racial differences in young children's blood pressure. Responses to dynamic exercise.

Studies have observed that black children exhibit greater blood pressure increases in response to dynamic exercise than white children. Seventy-five (51 white, 24 black) children aged 4 to 6 years old had their blood pressure and heart rate measured before, during, and 5 minutes after dynamic upright exercise on the treadmill. Girls had higher preexercise heart rate values than the boys, and showed a marginally slower recovery of diastolic blood pressure values. Black children had significantly lower preexercise and peak exercise heart rate values, higher systolic blood pressure values at peak exercise, and greater systolic blood pressure increases in response to exercise than did white children. These differences are discussed in terms of mechanisms that may be responsible for racial differences in essential hypertension.

Black People↗
PubMed1989

Social desirability response tendencies in psychiatric inpatient children.

This study examined the substantive features of children's social desirability (SD) tendencies that could influence the nature and severity of psychopathology. Examinations of substantive features of SD responding in an inpatient child psychiatry unit (N = 76) suggested that higher scores on the Children's Social Desirability questionnaire were associated strongly with (1) lower mental age; (2) higher scores on self-reported social competence; (3) lower scores on self-reported anger; and (4) lower scores on parent-reported externalization behavioral disturbance. Results were interpreted as suggesting that SD responding for child inpatients may reflect a mixed picture of negative features of cognitive and social immaturity that could affect adversely their ability to judge their own and others' social behavior and of positive features of less external behavioral disturbance and more prosocial attitudes and behaviors.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

The validity of multidimensional self-report anger and hostility measures.

The present study assessed the convergent and discriminant validity of multidimensional measures of anger and hostility and validated abbreviated neurotic and reactive hostility subscales of the Buss Durkee Hostility Inventory. A sample of 120 adults were administered the abbreviated Buss Durkee Reaction (RH) and Neurotic Hostility (NH) subscales, State-Trait Anger Scale (ST), Anger Self-Report General (ASRG) subscale, Multidimensional Anger Inventory (MAI), and Framingham Anger-in (FI), Anger-out (FO), and Discuss (FD) scales. An intercorrelation matrix supported the convergent and discriminant validity of these measures except for the Anger-in/Brood subscale of the MAI and the FO scale. Factor analysis of the scales resulted in three factors: anger experience/hostility, verbal/adaptive anger expression, and maladaptive/physical anger expression. Implications for future research on anger assessment, specifically the components of anger experience and anger expression or suppression, were discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

The relationship between hostility and blood pressure in children.

The relationship between two dimensions of hostility and resting blood pressure was examined in 98 children aged 7 to 10 years. The children completed the expressive and experienced hostility subscales of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory and one week later had blood pressure and obesity levels assessed. Multiple regression analyses and analyses of variance showed that expressive hostility was positively associated with blood pressure, although this relationship became marginally significant when the effects of obesity were controlled. A significant inverse relationship was found between experienced hostility and systolic blood pressure. These results are discussed as they relate to findings in adults on hostility and cardiovascular disease and the relationship between hostility, blood pressure, and obesity.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1989

Anger and hostility in depression.

The present study examined the relationship between depression and various dimensions of anger using multiple measures of anger and hostility and comparing depressed subjects with both a normal sample and a clinical sample with predominant anger difficulties. Three groups of subjects were obtained: a normal sample of 120 parents of elementary school children, 36 psychiatric inpatients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria for major depressive episode, and 54 hospitalized veterans meeting Diagnostic Interview Schedule criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The three groups differed significantly on all measures of anger experience, hostility, anger suppression, and anger expression. The depressed group reported greater levels of hostility and anger experience than the normal group but less than the PTSD group. On measures of anger suppression and expression, the depressed group exhibited more suppression than either the normal or the PTSD group and generally reported levels of anger expression comparable with the normal group's. The PTSD group reported the highest levels of anger expression. Within the depressed group, severity of depression was positively associated with levels of hostility and anger experience but was not related to measures of anger expression and was only partially related to anger suppression. These results are discussed as they relate to the "anger turned in" hypothesis of psychodynamic theories of depression, and directions for future research are noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Assessment of children's Type A behavior: relationship with negative behavioral characteristics and children and teacher demographic characteristics.

Thirty-two teachers rated Type A behavior, using Matthews Youth Test for Health, (MYTH) and negative characteristics of hyperactivity, negative peer relations, social withdrawal, and depression in 105 children, between the ages of 6 and 11, from lower to middle class Black and White families. Children's age, gender, race, and socioeconomic status (SES) and teachers' gender, grade taught, and years of teaching experience were not related to teachers' MYTH ratings. However, White teachers rated children higher on Type A behavior than Black teachers. Controlling for teacher race effects, MYTH total scores, rather than reflecting a global negative view of the child, showed a strong overlap with hyperactivity and were differentiated from social withdrawal and depression. The MYTH Impatience/Aggression factor was highly related to hyperactivity and negative peer interactions; the Competitiveness factor was associated with a lack of social withdrawal. The conclusions verify the multidimensional nature of children's Type A behavior pattern and the importance of rater demographic characteristics in the assessment of children's behavior.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1989

Validation of a heart rate monitor with children in laboratory and field settings.

The validity of the Sport Tester PE 3000 portable heart rate monitor for use with children was assessed by comparing readings with simultaneously recorded ECG heart rates in three studies, two using laboratory tasks and one in a field setting. Study 1 examined the validity of the Sport Tester with a sample of ten 10-yr-olds performing a cycle ergometer exercise task. Sport Tester readings taken during three 3-min exercise loads were correlated from 0.97 to 0.99 with simultaneously recorded ECG heart rates. In study 2, 23 children from 4 to 6 yr of age performed treadmill exercise for three 1-min intervals while Sport Tester and ECG heart rate data were obtained. Correlations for the three intervals ranged from 0.94 to 0.99. Study 3 obtained ECG and Sport Tester heart rates in 14 7- to 9-yr-olds who engaged in 3-min periods of standing, walking, jogging, throwing a ball, batting a ball, and playing on a jungle gym. Significant correlations of at least 0.98 between Sport Tester and ECG heart rates were obtained during all six activities. For all three studies, standard errors of estimate were low, ranging from 1.1 to 3.7 beats.min-1. For individuals, maximum differences ranged from 0 to 12.4 beats.min-1. Collectively, these findings indicate that the Sport Tester provides valid readings of young children's heart rates across a wide range of exercise involving upper- and lower-body movements.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Child and parent perceptions of children's psychopathology in psychiatric outpatient children.

This study investigated the clinical utility of multitrait-multimethod assessments of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in child psychiatric outpatients. Mothers tended to rate all symptoms of psychopathology at higher levels of severity than their children. In contrast to studies of inpatients, much stronger convergent validity of child and mother ratings was obtained. Overall, findings yielded little evidence of discriminant validity, although mothers appeared better able to discriminate between internal and external symptomatology than their children. Methodological and theoretical explanations of these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: psychological impact on health personnel.

Eight nurses and four physicians involved in the care of an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient and a matched, non-AIDS patient responded to three self-report measures that assessed the psychological distress associated with working with each patient. While working with the AIDS patient the physicians and nurses experienced increased anxiety, greater interference in nonwork activities, more frequent negative ruminations, and more negative perceptions regarding the AIDS patient's behavior than they did with the non-AIDS patient. Because of the fears and concerns engendered in medical personnel when providing care to AIDS patients, psychological and educational interventions are needed to reduce staff's discomfort and thereby facilitate optimal care of AIDS patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Cancer knowledge and acceptance of children with cancer.

In this study, a Cancer Knowledge Questionnaire (CKQ) for elementary schoolchildren was developed and the relationship of cancer knowledge to attitudinal predispositions to accept and interact with children with cancer was assessed. CKQ includes 21 yes-no items that assess general cancer knowledge and knowledge of cancer's effects on social and emotional functioning. A sample of 478 children, ages six-12, completed CKQ, and a separate sample of 41 children completed it on two occasions separated by a one-week interval. Adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability were obtained. Children's knowledge of cancer increased with age but generally was limited across all age groups. Knowledge of cancer was associated positively with previous experiences with cancer, lower fear of cancer, less worry about children with cancer, and attitudinal predispositions to accept and interact with children having cancer.

Age Factors↗