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Biomedical subjects

F A Manning

Publications and source records attributed to F A Manning.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Breathing movements before death in the primate fetus (Macaca mulatta).

The incidence and character of fetal breathing movements (FBMs) were determined by analysis of continuous tracheal pressure recordings in a 48 hour period preceeding fetal death in utero in 7 chronic pregnant monkey preparations (Macaca mulatta). All fetuses were judged normal by blood gas tensions, pH, and fetal heart rate within 48 hours of death. In the normal fetus breathing movements were periodic and a circadian distribution in the incidence of FBMs was observed. Four distinct patterns of FBMs were observed in the normal fetuses. In five fetuses death occurred in the intrapartum period; all five fetuses were breathing at the onset of labor. A progressive fall in the incidence of FBMs was observed in labor coincident with the development of fetal acidemia. In the remaining two fetuses death occurred before labor. Apnea and gasping were observed in all fetuses before death. The duration of apnea and gasping appeared dependent upon the nature of the lethal insult.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Fetal breathing movements and the abnormal contraction stress test.

The presence or absence of fetal breathing movements (FBMs) in a 30 minute observation period was determined in 29 patients with abnormal contraction stress tests (CSTs). The study population included 14 patients with positive CSTs, 11 patients with equivocal CSTs, and four patients with unclassified CSTs. In patients with either an equivocal or a positive CST, the presence of FBMs was associated with a high incidence of false predictive tests. Conversely, the absence of FBMs in a patient with a positive CST was uniformly associated with intrapartum fetal distress. The presence or absence of FBMs was not helpful in assessing the patients with unclassified CSTs. These data suggest FBMs may be a useful means of evaluating the patient with a positive or equivocal CST.

Delivery, Obstetric↗
PubMed1979

Fetal movements in human pregnancies in the third trimester.

Fetal movements (FM) were measured using a real-time B-scan method in 50 women in the third trimester. One hundred ninety-five observations were made. The number of FM per 20-minute observation period was similar in normal, diabetic, and hypertensive pregnancies and in patients with placenta previa, but was significantly lower in patients with Rh isoimmunization and an affected fetus. The number of FM did not vary with gestational age, mode of delivery, or birth weight and was significantly increased in patients either with a reactive nonstress test (NST) or in the presence of fetal breathing movements (FBM). Fetal movements were absent before delivery in 4 patients: In 3, the fetus died in utero and in the other a positive contraction stress test (CST) was observed. Conversely, in 2 other fetuses who died in utero, FM were observed during the last examination before death. In both, the cause of fetal death was related to an acute change. No relationship between FM and neonatal death was observed. These data suggest FM monitoring may be helpful in evaluating antepartum fetal condition.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1979

Antenatal detection of fetal A-V dissociation utilizing real-time B-mode ultrasound.

Congenital heart block is an unusual cause of fetal bradycardia. Until recently, the diagnosis could be confirmed only by evaluation of the fetal cardiac electrical activity. Two cases are reported in which the diagnosis of atrio-ventricular (A-V) dissociation was confirmed in the antepartum period by real-time ultrasound evaluation of cardiac mechanical activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Maternal hypoxemia and fetal breathing movements.

Fetal breathing movements (FBM) were observed daily using a real-time B-mode ultrasound method in a patient with sickle cell anemia in crisis. Observations were made on 2 occasions in the presence of maternal hypoxemia (PO2 less than or equal to 40 mmHg), and FBM were noted to be absent. Conversely, when maternal PO2 was 60 mmHg or greater, FBM were present 23--80% of the time. The FBM were reduced or absent within 90 minutes of maternal Demerol injection. These observations suggest that the human fetal response to hypoxemia may be similar to that observed under expermental conditions in the animal fetus.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Fetal breathing movements: antepartum monitoring of fetal condition.

Until recently, the relative inaccessibility of the human fetus to physical assessment has made antepartum assessment of its condition difficult. The development of methods for accurate antepartum fetal heart rate monitoring and the subsequent study of heart rate responses to various stimuli have resulted in a significant improvement in accuracy of antepartum fetal surveillance. The development of real time B-mode ultrasound enables the clinician to assess many additional fetal biophysical variables including fetal breathing movements. In our observations, the combination of heart rate and fetal breathing assessment has produced a significant improvement in differentiating the normal from the compromised fetus. The addition of other biophysical variables (tone, movements and amniotic fluid volume) have further refined the ability to identify the fetus at risk. At this point, we have evaluated only a few of many possible variables. It seems probable that, as other fetal biophysical variables are included with the overall assessment, for example fetal reflexes or fetal biophysical response to exogenous stimuli, the identification of the fetus at risk and the quantitation of the magnitude of risk will become increasingly more precise.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Plasma cortisol in the chronic rhesus monkey preparation (Macaca mulatta).

The short- and long-term effects of surgical procedures and chair restraint on total plasma cortisol were assessed in the chronic rhesus monkey preparation. Three nonpregnant and six pregnant animals were sampled daily, morning and evening. Fetal plasma specimens were obtained simultaneously from the pregnant animals. In the nonpregnant rhesus monkey, a circadian rhythm is present the day following venous catheterization and chair restraint, with individual values similar to those in trained, unanesthetized animals. In the pregnant animals, a postoperative rise in cortisol is followed by a gradual decline to a plateau and a return of circadian rhythm. No consistent daily fluctuations are seen in fetal cortisol, and although correlated with maternal cortisol, the exact relationship is uncertain. The data indicate that operation, as expected, is stressful but acclimation to the chair occurs.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Real-time B-scan-directed amniocentesis.

Utilizing real-time B scan, 150 amniocenteses, 14 in the second trimester and 136 in the third trimester, were carried out in 143 patients. In 146 procedures, amniotic fluid was obtained with a single attempt. In four other procedures, two attempts were required, and oligohydramnios was present in two. In one, both taps were dry, while in the other a second tap yielded a slight amount of meconium fluid. One patient was tapped in a site other than that suggested by real-time scanning, and a bloody tap (Apt negative) was obtained. Clear fluid was obtained when the real-time-indicated site was used. The remaining patient had premature rupture of membranes, and two attempts yielded bloody fluid (Apt negative) and the procedure was abandoned. Amniocenteses in eight patients had failed previously (one to three attempts). With the subsequent aid of real-time B scan, fluid was obtained in a single attempt. These data suggest that real-time B scanning prior to and/or during amniocentesis is as reliable as the static B scan method and, in some cases, may have a clear advantage.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1978

Fetal breathing.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Cigarette smoking and fetal breathing movements.

Cigarette smoking caused a reduction in the incidence of fetal breathing movements in normal and abnormal pregnancies. The size of the reduction varied, being greatest in small-for-dates pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by fetal distress in labour and least in pre-eclamptic pregnancies. The fall in the amount of fetal breathing movements was significantly related to the rise in maternal plasma nicotine after smoking but was unrelated to the rise in barboxyhaemoglobin. Smoking non-nicotine (herbal) cigarettes produced increases in carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations similar to those observed after smoking tobacco cigarettes, and was not associated with a fall in the incidence of fetal breathing movements. Chewing gum containing nicotine produced rises in plasma nicotine concentration similar to those observed after smoking tobacco cigarettes and was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of fetal breathing movements. Hence nicotine appeared to be the factor in cigarette smoke responsible for the reduction in the incidence of fetal breathing movements. Nicotine was present in the cord blood of infants whose mothers smoked. The possible mechanism by which nicotine caused a reduction in the incidence of fetal breathing movements and its possible relevance to the detrimental effects of smoking on the fetus are considered.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1975

Maternal and foetal effects of methoxyflurane anaesthesia in the pregnant ewe.

Maternal and foetal cardiovascular, blood gas and acid-base changes were studied during 90 minutes of methoxyflurane anaesthesia. At 1.0 and 1.5 MAC anaesthesia, despite slight to moderate falls in maternal blood pressure, cardiac output and uterine blood flow, no serious foetal deterioration was seen. 2.0 MAC methoxyflurane was associated with marked falls in maternal blood pressure, cardiac output and uterine blood flow. Foetal hypoxaemia and a mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis developed. Little foetal cardiovascular depression was seen with any level of anaesthesia. There was no direct effect of methoxyflurane on the uterine vasculature.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗