Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

F A Khan

Publications and source records attributed to F A Khan.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Fresh scaphoid fractures (analysis of 45 cases).

A study of fresh scaphoid fractures, treated at King Khalid University Hospital between 1983 to 1990, is presented. In a study of 45 patients, there were 43 males (95.5%) and two females (4.5%). Twenty-five patients (55.5%) had fractures on the right side and twenty (44.5%) on the left side. Six patients (13.3%) had fractures in the proximal third, thirty-five (77.7%) in the middle third and four (9%) in the distal third. Among the fractures located in the middle third, twenty-two (62.8%) were displaced and thirteen (37.2%) were undisplaced. Patients included in this study had initial treatment by immobilization in a below elbow thumb spica cast. Ten patients after failure of conservative treatment were treated by compression screw osteosynthesis. In this study, it has been observed that plaster cast immobilisation is a satisfactory method of treatment for stable-undisplaced fractures, while results in patients with unstable-displaced fractures are poor and they are best treated by early open reduction and internal fixation. By assessing the results of this study it is recommended that all scaphoid fractures should be assessed for stability. The treatment by plaster cast should be reserved for fractures involving distal third of scaphoid and for stable fractures of middle and proximal third. The unstable and displaced fractures should be treated by early screw fixation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of oral midazolam as pre-medication in day care surgery in adult Pakistani patients.

A placebo controlled randomized double blind study was designed to assess the suitability of oral Midazolam as a premedication in day care surgery in adult Pakistani patients. Fifty ASA I and II patients aged between 20-60 years received either Midazolam 7.5 mg or a placebo approximately one hour prior to surgery. Midazolam 7.5 mg produced significant anxiolysis and sedation (p < 0.001) in comparison to placebo after one hour of premedication. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in the mean heart rate and blood pressure in both groups after 1 hour of premedication with a lesser rise in blood pressure and heart rate in the Midazolam group. Psychomotor performance assessed by 'n' deletion test was impaired by Midazolam (p < 0.001) and recall of pictures revealed differences (p < 0.05) in the groups at one hour after premedication. However, at four hours after surgery there were no differences in both groups. These findings indicate that rapidly acting oral Midazolam in doses of 7.5 mg provided safe and effective premedication in terms of anxiolysis, sedation, amnesia and psychomotor performance and is suitable for day surgery.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Intracranial metyrapone stimulates CRF-ACTH axis in the teleost, Clarias batrachus: possible role of neurosteroids.

Intracranial administration of metyrapone, a blocker of the enzyme 11-beta-hydroxylase, which is essential for the biosynthesis of corticosteroids, resulted in profound stimulation of the nucleus preopticus and the CRF-ACTH axis in the teleost, Clarias batrachus. It is suggested that the putative blockade of the neurosteroid biosynthesis following metyrapone might be responsible for this action. The present study for the first time uncovers the possibility of inhibitory regulation of the CRF-ACTH axis by metyrapone sensitive neurosteroids.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1994

Biochemical parameters in evaluation of oligospermia.

In Pakistan, male infertility constitutes about 35% of all cases of infertility. The dysfunction can be at the level of the central nervous system or somewhere in the male genital tract. A study was conducted to screen cases of male infertility using various biochemical parameters. A total of 81 cases were screened. Oligospermia was seen in 13 (16%) patients. They were divided into severe and mild to moderate oligospermia. In severe oligospermia, there was an increase in serum FSH level with decrease in seminal transferrin and carnitine suggesting damage to sertoli cells. In mild to moderate oligospermia, serum FSH were normal with levels a slight decrease in the levels of transferrin and carnitine in semen indicating that sertoli cells were not significantly defective and the dysfunction could be somewhere else.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Demonstration of the site of obstruction in azoospermia by biochemical markers.

This study was carried out on 25 patients with azoospermia and normal serum FSH levels signifying obstruction as its cause. To determine the site of obstruction semen transferrin levels, carnitine and fructose were estimated. Patients with an obstruction at the testis-epididymal junction had low levels of transferrin but normal levels of carnitine and fructose. Patients who had lower levels of transferrin and carnitine, but normal levels of fructose had obstruction at the epididymal level, probably in the tail of the epididymis. Obstruction of the ejaculatory ducts was signified by lower levels of all parameters in the semen. Our study showed that levels of transferrin, carnitine and fructose when used in conjunction with each other could localize the site of obstruction in azoospermia.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Quinolones and macrolides: roles in respiratory infections.

Newer agents in these classes can be useful when standard antibiotics may be contraindicated or ineffective. They are well tolerated gastrointestinally and have excellent tissue penetration when given orally, allowing shorter courses at lower dosages. Quinolones are especially effective against nosocomial infections, macrolides against community-acquired infections.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1993

Free fibular graft still has a place in the treatment of bone defects.

We report on 27 patients illustrating the use of non-vascularized single fibular strut graft, augmented with a corticocancellous bone graft to bridge bone defects. The indications were varied and included infection, fracture with bone loss, non-union, bone tumour, bone cyst and congenital pseudarthrosis. Primary union was achieved in 92 per cent. Stress fracture occurred in 26 per cent and no significant fibular graft hypertrophy occurred. The aim of this paper is to show that the non-vascularized single fibular graft, if augmented with corticocancellous bone graft along its whole length, is a simple procedure that is still valid to bridge bone defects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Bilateral ankylosis of the hips following heterotopic ossification of the ilio-psoas in a child.

A case of bilateral ankylosis of the hip in a 3-year-old child due to heterotopic ossification of the iliopsoas following a long period of coma is presented. A review of the literature has failed to reveal a similar case with such extensive heterotopic ossification. The patient was treated successfully by surgical excision of the heterotopic bone which was extra-articular and extra-capsular and involved only the iliopsoas muscles.

Ankylosis↗
PubMed1992

Retrieval of a broken intramedullary femoral nail.

A method of retrieval of the distal fragment of a broken intramedullary femoral nail is described. The procedure is simple and requires a steel drill, a standard nail extraction hook and a slotted hammer. The method was successfully used in two patients with ununited fractures of the femoral shaft in which the broken intramedullary nail had jammed in the distal fragment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Parenteral followed by oral ofloxacin for nosocomial pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization.

We report a multicentric, open trial of intravenous followed by oral ofloxacin, 400 mg every 12 h, as therapy for 100 cases of nosocomial pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. The typical subject was 57 yr old, and underlying diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure, were common. For 10 subjects previous therapy had failed. There were 118 pathogens isolated in blood or sputum; S. pneumoniae was the most common (42), followed by H. influenzae (13), Klebsiella spp. (11), and S. aureus (10). Ofloxacin was administered for an average of 5.7 days intravenously followed by 6.9 days orally. Response to therapy was judged to be cure in 71 subjects, improvement in 24, and failure in 5. Among the more seriously ill subjects, ofloxacin therapy was successful for four of five immunocompromised subjects, for 12 of 12 subjects with nosocomial pneumonia, three of whom were on the ventilator, and for nine of 10 subjects with community-acquired pneumonia and bacteremia, including seven of eight cases due to S. pneumoniae. Univariate risk factor analysis revealed underlying COPD and/or tachypnea upon admission to be associated with failure of ofloxacin therapy, with bacteremia suggestive of failure. Conversely, ofloxacin was equally effective in cases in whom previous therapy failed and in cases of nosocomial pneumonia, multilobar pneumonia, and/or pneumonia due to S. pneumoniae. Results for P. aeruginosa were inconclusive. Intravenous followed by oral ofloxacin was highly effective in many difficult cases of pneumonia.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Management of uric acid stone.

Uric acid stones are the most readily dissolvable of all types of urinary stones. By maintaining urinary pH between 6.2-6.8 with the use of sodium acid citrate or uralyt-U and reducing serum uric acid by allopurinol, we tried to dissolve 107 stones in 67 patients. Ninety three (86.9%) stones were dissolved and 6 (5.6%) passed spontaneously within a period of one year. Eight (7.5%) stones were removed surgically or with ESWL. Five (7.5%) patients had stone recurrence over a period of 3 years follow-up. Serum uric acid was raised in 19 (28.5%) and urinary uric acid in 12 (18%) patients while urinary pH was low in 46 (69%) patients. For uncomplicated uric acid stones oral chemolysis on an out-patient basis is the treatment of choice. It is simple, safe and inexpensive. However, it requires rigid compliance by the patient and strict follow-up by ultrasonography (JPMA 42: 153, 1992).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Cloning and sequence analysis of a human type A/B hnRNP protein.

A cDNA encoding a 284 residue long type A/B hnRNP protein has been cloned. This protein, previously referred to as type C [(1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 17126-17137], is an RNA unwinding protein from HeLa 40S hnRNP with a high affinity for G- followed by U-rich sequences. The N-terminal part of the protein contains two consensus RNA binding domains present in a number of other RNA binding proteins. The C-terminal part is glycine-rich and contains a potential ATP/GTP binding loop. The distribution of charged amino acids is highly uneven and there are multiple potential phosphorylation sites.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Biosynthesis in vitro of core lacto-series glycosphingolipids by N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferases from human colon carcinoma cells, Colo 205.

Two N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferases have been detected in human colon carcinoma Colo 205 cells. These enzymes catalyze the biosynthesis in vitro of the core-glycolipid of Type 1 and Type 2 lacto-series antigens and of the polylactosamine-containing longer chain antigenic structures, respectively. The first enzyme, GlcNAcT-1, which catalyzes the formation of lactotriosylceramide [LcOse3Cer, beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1----3)-LcOse2Cer, the core for all lacto-series Type 1 and Type 2 chains] from lactosylceramide [beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-D-Glcp-Cer, LcOse2Cer] and UDP-GlcNAc shows optimum activity in the presence of nonionic detergent Triton CF-54. The other enzyme, GlcNAcT-2, which catalyzes the biosynthesis in vitro of iLcOse5Cer [beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1----3)-nLcOse4Cer, the core for polylactosamine-containing antigens] from nLcOse4Cer [beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-LcOse3Cer] and UDP-GlcNAc, is optimally active with the zwitterionic detergent, Zwittergent 3-14, when membrane-bound. Both of these activities, however, can be extracted from the membrane by use of a nonionic detergent. Triton X-114, with nearly the same efficiency. These two transferases showed different pH optima, different cation and anion effects, and differential heat-inactivation patterns at 55 degrees. Permethylation studies of the radioactive products isolated from both of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions using respective 3H-substrates and nonradioactive UDP-GlcNAc showed the presence of 2,4,6-tri-O-methylgalactose in the hydrolyzed products. This indicated the presence of a (1----3)-linked beta-D-GlcpNAc group at the nonreducing end in both cases. The linkage of the beta-D-GlcpNAc group to the subterminal D-Gal residue in the two products was confirmed by an almost 90% cleavage of the terminal [3H]GlcNAc group by purified clam and papaya beta-D-hexosaminidases.

Antigens↗
PubMed1991

Biosynthesis in vitro of SA-Lex and SA-diLex by alpha 1-3 fucosyltransferases from colon carcinoma cells and embryonic brain tissues.

The sialyl-fucosyl-lactosamine-epitope present in sialyl (SA)-Lex (NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4 [Fuc alpha 1-3]GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc-Cer), a carcinoembryonic antigen, has been recognized recently as a ligand for the binding of leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (LECAM-1) to myeloid and tumour cell surfaces. We have recently detected the presence of an alpha 1-3 fucosyltransferase (FucT-3) activity in both embryonic chicken brain (ECB) and human colon carcinoma cells (Colo-205) which catalyses the biosynthesis in vitro of SA-Lex and SA-diLex. Fucosyltransferase activities from both sources are stimulated in the presence of divalent cations (Mn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Co2+ and Fe2+), although absolute metal requirement is not observed. Substrate specificity studies with this partially purified (ECB, 3000-fold; Colo-205, 100-fold) novel FucT-3 indicate the preference for terminally sialyl-substituted glycolipid acceptors, as observed by the lower Km values when sialyl-neolactotetraosyl ceramide, LM1, (Neu-Gc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4 Glc-Cer; Km = 0.048 mM) and sialyl-norhexaosylceramide, NeuGc-nLc6, (Neu-Gc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4 GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc-Cer; Km = 0.032 mM) were used as substrates. Fucosyltransferase from Colo-205 requires the presence of the acyl group of the ceramide moiety and an acetyl group on glucosamine in the acceptor glycolipid since lyso-LM1 was found to be completely inactive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Role of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors in the passage of ureteric calculus.

Diclofenac sodium, one of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors was evaluated in terms of passage or movement of ureteric stones upto the size of 0.5 cm in a series of 80 patients. Forty-six (57.5%) patients passed the stone within a period of 4 weeks. This frequency of stone passage was significantly higher when compared with stone passage of similar size in other series (P less than 0.001). In 17 (56.6%) out of 30 patients, stone moved from upper and middle ureter to the lower ureter which is also significant from therapeutic point of view. Complete pain relief was achieved in 67 (84%) patients. No side effects of the drug noted in this series. The sequence of events following ureteral obstruction by the stone, based on recent experimental and clinical studies is discussed and possible mechanism of action of diclofenac sodium was highlighted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Minimum induction dose (MID) of thiopentone in Pakistani patients.

The thiopentone dose needed for abolition of eyelash reflex was studied in 505 Pakistani patients who were divided in three subgroups, i.e., age less than 16 years, between 16 and 60 years, and over 60 years. The minimum induction dose for thiopentone was then determined in the three groups and the effect of sex, ASA classification, premedication and advancing age were seen. The minimum induction dose in the adult patients (16-60) was 215.8 +/- 66 mgs (3.48 mgs/kg). Both the adult groups and the elderly showed a statistical difference in the dose required by the males and females, but this difference was not seen in children. Thiopentone dose also showed a steady decline as the age progressed. A statistical correlation existed between ASA I and II patients compared to ASA III who required less thiopentone. The premedicated patients required less thiopentone compared to those who did not receive a premedication. Our patients required a lesser dosage for abolition of eyelash reflex than the figures recommended for British population. We recommend a dose of 3.5 mg/kg for adult Pakistani males and 3.3 mg/kg for adult females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Anaesthetic management for atlanto axial subluxation.

A number of disease processes including congenital anomalies, malunited odontoid fractures, rheumatoid arthritis and tuberculosis can result in atlanto axial subluxation. The patient population presenting for surgery is therefore varied in age and general condition, ranging from fit young men to steroid dependent frail arthritic patients. The degree of instability and the spinal cord compression are also variable. Gauging these parameters has an important bearing on the anaesthetic management. We present management of six patients with atlanto axial subluxation in our institution.

Adult↗