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F A Cotton

Publications and source records attributed to F A Cotton.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Supramolecular squares with Mo2(4+) corners.

Seven complexes obtained by reacting the quadruply bonded complex [Mo2(cis-DAniF)2(CH3CN)4](BF4)2 (DAniF = N,N'-di-p-anisylformamidinate) and (Bun4N+)2(Carb2-), where Carb2- is a dicarboxylate anion, have been found to have a ratio of dimetal unit to dicarboxylate of 1:1. As noted by the carboxylate linker, the compounds are oxalate, 1, fumarate, 2, ferrocene dicarboxylate, 3, 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylate, 4, acetylenedicarboxylate, 5, tetrafluorophthalate, 6, and carborane dicarboxylate, 7. Structural characterization of 1-4 revealed a square of dimolybdenum units linked by the dicarboxylate anions, each having an interstice capable of accommodating specific solvent molecules. Results of NMR studies of all seven compounds are consistent with the presence of a highly symmetrical structure. These compounds display a rich electrochemical behavior that is affected by the nature of the carboxylate group.

Journal Article↗

Supramolecular arrays based on dimetal building units.

Supramolecular chemistry is today a major thrust area, a significant part of which is based on the use of metal atoms or ions as key elements in promoting the assembly of and dictating the main structural features of the supramolecular products. Most of the work has been done with single metal atoms or ions in this role, but considerable success has already been achieved by employing M-M bonded dimetal entities instead. We review here the work done in our laboratory. Metal-metal bonded cationic complexes of the [M(2)(DAniF)(n)(MeCN)(8-2n)]((4-n)+) type, where M = Mo or Rh and DAniF is an N,N'-di-p-anisylformamidinate anion, have been used as subunit precursors and then linked by various equatorial and axial bridging groups such as polycarboxylate anions, polypyridyls, and polynitriles. Characterization of the products by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, CV, DPV, NMR, and other spectroscopic techniques has revealed the presence of discrete tetranuclear (pairs or loops), hexanuclear (triangles), octanuclear (squares), and dodecanuclear (cages) species and one-, two-, or three-dimensional molecular nanotubes. These compounds display a rich electrochemical behavior which is affected by the nature of the linkers.

Journal Article↗

Syntheses and crystal structures of "unligated" copper(I) and copper(II) trifluoroacetates.

Two extremely unstable copper trifluoroacetates with no exogenous ligands, namely, Cu(O2CCF3) (1) and Cu(O2CCF3)2 (2), are prepared for the first time and obtained in crystalline form by deposition from the vapor phase. Their structures are determined by X-ray crystallography. The crystallographic parameters are as follows: for 1, monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, with a = 9.7937(6) A, b = 15.322(1) A, c = 12.002(1) A, beta = 106.493(9) degrees, and Z = 4; for 2, orthorhombic space group Pcca, with a = 16.911(1) A, b = 10.5063(9) A, c = 9.0357(6) A, and Z = 4. Both structures are unique among other CuI and CuII carboxylates, as well as among metal carboxylates in general. Compound 1 consists of a planar rhombus of four copper atoms with sides of 2.719(1)-2.833(1) A and trifluoroacetate ligands bridging the pairs of adjacent metal atoms alternately above and below the plane. The tetrameric units are further aggregated in a polymeric zigzag ribbon [Cu4(O2CCF3)4]infinity by virtue of intermolecular Cu...O contacts. The structure of 2 is built on cis bis-bridged dimers in which every metal atom is also connected with two copper atoms of the neighboring units. The stacking planes in this extended chain are almost perpendicular to one another. The Cu...Cu distance inside the dimer is 3.086(2) A, indicating a nonbonding interaction.

Journal Article↗

Oxidative scission of a Mo-Mo quadruple bond.

Two compounds containing the cations Mo2(DPhIP)4n+, n = 1 or 2 and DPhIP = the anion of 2,6-diphenyliminopiperidine, have been obtained by oxidation of the quadruply-bonded Mo2(DPhIP)4 species. The first oxidation process conserves the structure but results in a slight increase of the Mo-Mo distance from 2.114(1) to 2.136(2) A in [Mo2(DPhIP)4](PF6).2CH2Cl2 (1.2CH2Cl2). However, the second oxidation process breaks the dimolybdenum bond, giving a bioctahedral complex, [Mo2(DPhIP)4](BF4)2.5CH3CN.Et2O (2.5CH3CN.Et2O), with Mo...Mo separation of 2.9954(7) A. Crystallographic data for 1.2CH2Cl2 are space group C2/c, a = 17.1891(9) A, b = 17.807(1) A, c = 24.210(2) A, beta = 106.403(4) degrees, Z = 4; for 2.5CH3CN.Et2O, space group P2(1)/n, a = 16.523(5) A, b = 27.418(5) A, c = 18.163(3) A, beta = 93.48(2) degrees, Z = 4.

Journal Article↗

Linear trichromium complexes with the anion of 2,6-di(phenylimino)piperidine.

The anion of 2,6-di(phenylimino)piperidine (DPhIP) has been found to support linear chains of three metal atoms. Three new compounds, [Cr3(DPhIP)4Cl]Cl.(1).5CH2Cl2.0.5H2O (1.1.5CH2Cl2.0.5H2O), [Cr3(DPhIP)4(CH3CN)]- (PF6)2.H2O.4CH3CN (2.H2O.4CH3CN), and [Cr3(DPhIP)4(F)(CH3CN)](BF4)2.5CH3CN (3.5CH3CN), have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 has a linear chain of three chromium atoms arranged in an unsymmetrical fashion, with two of them forming a quadruply bonded unit (Cr-Cr distance 1.932(2) A) and the third being a non-metal-metal-bound 5-coordinate unit (Cr...Cr distance 2.659(2) A). The fifth coordination site is occupied by a chloride ion, and another chloride ion is located in the interstices of the crystal. The trimetal unit in compound 2 is structurally similar to that in compound 1 except that the axial ligand in 2 is a CH3CN molecule. Compound 3 is an oxidation product prepared by reaction of 1 with AgBF4. Here, a square pyramidal CrIII unit, FCrN4, and a Cr-Cr quadruply bonded (Cr-Cr distance 1.968(2) A) unit, with an axially coordinated acetonitrile molecule, form the trichromium chain. The CrIII...CrII separation of 2.594(2) A in 3 is too long to be considered a bonding interaction.

Journal Article↗

New linear tricobalt complex of di(2-pyridyl)amide (dpa), [Co3(dpa)4(CH3CN)2][PF6]2.

Reaction of the linear tricobalt compound Co3(dpa)4Cl2 (1) (dpa = di(2-pyridyl)amide) with silver hexafluorophosphate in acetonitrile yields [Co3(dpa)4(CH3CN)2][PF6]2 (2). Two crystalline forms are obtained from the same solution, namely, a monoclinic (P2(1)) form 2xCH3CNx2Et2O and a triclinic (P1) form, 2x3CH3CN. The tricobalt units in both crystals are essentially symmetrical, though this is not required by crystal symmetry, with Co-Co distances in the range 2298-2304 A. Each of the two terminal Co atoms is coordinated to an acetonitrile molecule with Co-N distances in the range 2068-2111 A at 213 K. The spiral arrangement of ligands gives an overall idealized D4 point group symmetry for the cation [Co3(dpa)4(CH3CN)2]2+ . Chiral crystals of both delta and lambda configurations in the P2(1) form have been isolated. The absolute configurations were determined by X-ray crystallography and their mirror-image circular dichroism spectra measured. The D4 symmetry of the cation appears to be preserved in solution as judged by the presence of only five proton resonance signals in the 1H NMR spectrum. Magnetic susceptibility measurements in the solid state indicates that 2 has a doublet ground state and exhibits an increase of the effective moment at high temperature (approximately 160 K) due to a spin crossover process.

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Completion of the series of M2(hpp)4Cl2 compounds from W to Pt: the W, Os, and Pt compounds.

The series of M2(hpp)4Cl2 complexes (hpp is the anion of 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine) from M = W to M = Pt has been completed by the preparation and characterization of those with M = W, Os, and Pt. W(hpp)4Cl2 (1) has a W-W distance of 2.250(2) A, is diamagnetic, and can be assigned a W-W triple bond based on a sigma 2 pi 4 electron configuration. Os2(hpp)4Cl2 (2) has an Os-Os distance of 2.379(2) A and displays a temperature-independent paramagnetism. It can be assigned a sigma 2 pi 4 delta 2 delta*2 configuration. Pt2(hpp)4Cl2 has a Pt-Pt distance of 2.440(1) A and is diamagnetic. A bond order of 1, based on a configuration in which only the sigma* orbital is empty, is consistent with these data.

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Heteronuclear chains of four metal atoms including one quadruply bonded dimetal unit. Dichromium and dimolybdenum compounds with appended copper(I) atoms.

It is shown that the M2(DPhIP)4 molecules (M = Cr, Mo; HDPhIP = 2,6-di(phenylimino)piperidine) can each capture two CuI atoms to form molecules with linear Cu...M[symbol: see text] M...Cu chains. In these chains the CuI atoms have only weak interactions with the M atoms (Cr...Cu = 2.628 A; Mo...Cu = 2.615 A) even though their introduction causes marked decreases in the M[symbol: see text]M distances (from 2.265 to 1.906 A for Cr and from 2.114 to 2.078 A for Mo). These seemingly contradictory facts are explained by noting that in the M2(DPhIP)4 molecules there are strong destabilizing (to the M[symbol: see text]M bonds) donor interactions of the dangling nitrogen atoms with the pi* orbitals. When these are eliminated by the introduction of the CuI atoms, the M[symbol: see text]M bonds become stronger and shorter.

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Studies of dirhodium(II) tetra(trifluoroacetate). 5. Remarkable examples of the ambidentate character of dimethyl sulfoxide.

The ambidentate character of dimethyl sulfoxide, already known for dirhodium carboxylates, has been remarkably manifested in new ways. Three novel complexes of dirhodium(II) tetra(trifluoroacetate) with the DMSO ligand, namely, [Rh2(O2CCF3)4]m(DMSO)n with m:n = 7:8 (1), 1:1 (2), and 3:2 (3), have been obtained by deposition from the vapor phase, and their crystal structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The crystallographic parameters are as follows: for 1, monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 28.261(2) A, b = 16.059(4) A, c = 17.636(2) A, beta = 92.40(4) degrees, and Z = 2; for 2, triclinic space group P1 with a = 8.915(2) A, b = 10.592(2) A, c = 11.916(2) A, alpha = 84.85(1) degrees, beta = 88.86(1) degrees, and gamma = 65.187(8) degrees, and Z = 2; and for 3, triclinic space group P1 with a = 8.876(2) A, b = 9.017(2) A, c = 19.841(3) A, alpha = 101.91(2) degrees, beta = 97.144(8) degrees, gamma = 100.206(9) degrees, and Z = 1. In the oligomeric molecule of 1, six DMSO ligands bridge seven dirhodium tetra(trifluoroacetate) units in a bidentate fashion via S and O atoms, and two additional DMSO molecules terminate the chain. In the structure of the monoadduct Rh2(O2CCF3)4(DMSO) (2), the dirhodium blocks are bridged through the O atoms of DMSO ligands, forming a one-dimensional polymeric chain. Compound 3 also has an infinite chain structure with the molecules of dimethyl sulfoxide acting in a bidentate mu-DMSO-S,O mode. Every second DMSO molecule is missing in 3, so that two of every three Rh2(O2CCF3)4 units are associated through the O atoms of carboxylate groups to give the overall composition [Rh2(O2CCF3)4]3(DMSO)2.

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Linear trichromium complexes with direct Cr to Cr contacts. 1. Compounds with Cr3(dipyridylamide)4(2+) cores.

The preparation and structures of seven compounds that contain the Cr3(dpa)4(2+) core (dpa = the anion di(2-pyridyl)amide) are reported. The magnetic properties of several have been measured. In each case there are anionic ligands at each end of the Cr3(6+) chain, sometimes identical (2Cl-, 2CCPh-), sometimes different (Cl-, BF4-; Cl-, PF6-). Several of these compounds have a symmetrical arrangement of the three Cr atoms, with the two Cr-Cr distances equal at ca. 2.36 A, while others have an unsymmetrical arrangement. In the most extreme case the two Cr-Cr distances are 2.00 and 2.64 A. The electronic structures and the remarkable flexibility of the Cr3 arrangement are discussed.

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Linear trichromium complexes with direct Cr to Cr contacts. 2. Compounds with Cr3(dipyridylamide)4(3+) cores.

Seven compounds having in common a Cr3(dpa)4(3+) core (dpa = di(2-pyridyl)amide ion) have been prepared and all shown to have an unsymmetrical chain of three Cr atoms. This chain can be described as a pair of quadruply bonded Cr(II) atoms to which a Cr(III) atom is attached. No symmetrical chain has been found, contrary to a previous preliminary report. The seven compounds have been well characterized crystallographically, and their short and long Cr to Cr distances (A, in parentheses) are: 1 [Cr3(dpa)4Cl2]Cl.2CH2Cl2.THF (2.12, 2.47), 2 [Cr3(dpa)4Cl2]AlCl4.CH2Cl2 (2.011, 2.555), 3 [Cr3(dpa)4Cl2]FeCl4.CH2Cl2 (2.009, 2.562), 4 [Cr3(dpa)4Cl2]I3.THF.2H2O (2.08, 2.49), 5 [Cr3(dpa)4Cl2]PF6.2CH2Cl2 (2.08, 2.48), 6 [Cr3(dpa)4(BF4)F]BF4.2CH2Cl2 (1.900, 2.595), 7 [Cr3(dpa)4ClF]BF4.CH2Cl2.C6H14 (2.039, 2.507). Magnetic susceptibility measurements on 1 and 2 reveal mueff = 3.85 +/- 0.05 muB from 10 to 300 K.

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Mixed chloride/amine complexes of dimolybdenum(II,II). 6. Stepwise substitution of amines by tertiary phosphines and vice versa: stereochemical hysteresis.

The substitution reactions of primary amines by tertiary phosphines in quadruply bonded dimolybdenum(II,II) complexes Mo2Cl4(NH2R)4 have been studied. The exchange reaction has been shown to result at room temperature in disubstituted species Mo2Cl4(NH2R)2(PR3)2 (PR3 = PMe3, NH2R = NH2Prn (1a), NH2But (2a), NH2Cy (3a); PR3 = PMe2Ph, NH2R = NH2Cy (4a)), while heating is needed to obtain fully substituted complexes Mo2Cl4(PR3)4. The crystal structure of disubstituted products has been investigated by X-ray crystallography and revealed that they all belong to the alpha-isomer, having both phosphine groups at the same Mo atom. Crystal data are as follows: for 1a, tetragonal space group I4(1/a) with a = 17.737(2) A, c = 15.6915(6) A, and Z = 8; for 3a, monoclinic space group P2(1) with a = 10.963(3) A, b = 10.117(2) A, c = 13.323(4) A, beta = 90.05(2) degrees, and Z = 2; for 4a, triclinic space group P1 with a = 9.329(3) A, b = 10.206(2) A, c = 18.975(3) A, alpha = 85.45(2) degrees, beta = 87.10(1) degrees, gamma = 80.88(1) degrees, and Z = 2. The substitution processes for the direct and reverse reactions have been monitored by 31P NMR. They both proceed in a stepwise manner; however, a stereochemical hysteresis is taking place, i.e., the back reaction, the substitution of phosphines by amines, goes through another isomer of Mo2Cl4(NH2R)2(PR3)2, having phosphine ligands on different Mo atoms. This beta-isomer is more thermodynamically stable and can be obtained by thermal conversion of the alpha-form. All chemical equilibria studied in the paper have been explained as governed by a higher trans effect of PR3 groups compared to NH2R groups.

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The whole story of the two-electron bond, with the delta bond as a paradigm.

It is shown that the delta bond, as found particularly in the Re(2)(6+) and Mo(2)(4+) cores of hundreds of compounds, provides a paradigm for the behavior of two-electron bonds of all types. By control of the angle of twist around the M-M axis, the strength of the bond can be systematically varied. By means of conventional electronic spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and two-photon excitation spectroscopy, the entire picture of the manifold of four states for two electrons bonding two atoms, as first described by Coulson and Fischer in 1949, has been confirmed.

Electrons↗

Staphylococcal nuclease reviewed: a prototypic study in contemporary enzymology. IV. The nuclease as a model for protein folding.

This is the last in a series of four articles in which the chemical, enzymological and crystallographic work on Ribonucleate (deoxyribonucleate)-3'-nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.4 (staphylococcal nuclease, micrococcal nuclease) will be reviewed and correlated. This article discusses the use of the nuclease as a model system for the study of the mechanisms and energetics of the folding-unfolding reaction in proteins and for the study of the interrelationships between amino acid sequence and three-dimensional structure.

Epitopes↗

Staphylococcal nuclease reviewed: a prototypic study in contemporary enzymology. III. Correlation of the three-dimensional structure with the mechanisms of enzymatic action.

This is the third in a series of four articles in which the chemical, enzymological and crystallographic work on Ribonucleate (deoxribonucleate)-3'-nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.4 (staphylococcal nuclease, micrococcal nuclease) will be reviewed and correlated. This article describes the structure of the nuclease and of a nuclease-inhibitor complex as determined by x-ray crystallography. The crystal structures are correlated with some of the known chemical and enzymological properties of the enzyme, and the three areas combined to propose a mechanism of action.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

Staphylococcal nuclease reviewed: a prototypic study in contemporary enzymology. II. Solution studies of the nucleotide binding site and the effects of nucleotide binding.

This is the second of a series of four articles in which the chemical, enzymological and crystallographic work on Ribonucleate (deoxyribonucleate)-3'-nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.4. (staphylococcal nuclease, micrococcal nuclease) will be reviewed and correlated. This article discusses studies in solution delineating the extent of the binding site of the enzyme and identifying some of the particular amino acid residues that form this site. In addition, the effects of the very potent inhibitory combination of thymidine-3',5'-diphosphate and Ca2+ on the conformation of the enzyme and its physical, chemical and enzymological properties will be reviewed.

Binding Sites↗