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Biomedical subjects

Erdogan Okur

Publications and source records attributed to Erdogan Okur.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Tuberculosis of the thyroid gland: review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: Thyroid tuberculosis (TTB) is a very rare condition, even in countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. The aim of this article is to review and retrieve data about thyroid tuberculosis from the English-language literature in order to gain a better understanding of the clinical characteristics of TTB. STUDY DESIGN: We performed Medline, PubMed, and library searches using the key words "thyroid tuberculosis," "throid disease," "tuberculosis and thyroid." Reference lists of the articles obtained and previous reviews were also examined. RESULTS: We retrieved 76 cases matching our selection criteria from the search. Review of the cases with TTB revealed a slight female preponderance. The patients reported in the literature ranged in age from 9 to 83 years, with a median age of 40+/-16 years for men and 44+/-17 years for women. In the articles surveyed, TTB presented with a broad spectrum of manifestations, ranging from an isolated nodule to thyrotoxicosis. It seems that diagnosis of thyroid tuberculosis has recently been increasing, perhaps because of the growing incidence of tuberculosis and the diagnostic use of fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis. Although, in the past, the diagnosis was generally made by the examination of the specimens, at present, fine-needle aspiration cytology seems to be a useful method in diagnosis tuberculous thyroiditis. The role of surgery is limited after the diagnosis. The choice of treatment should be medical antituberculous therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative diagnosis of thyroid tuberculosis is important because of the availability of medical treatment and the limited role of surgery. This condition should be kept in mind in evaluating patients with a thyroid nodule, in communities where the prevalence of tuberculosis is high.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Malondialdehyde level and adenosine deaminase activity in nasal polyps.

OBJECTIVE: Although there are many reports on adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in different tissues, no information is available about the enzyme activity in nasal mucosa and polyp tissues. Whereas ADA is related to the production of free radicals by neutrophils, malondialdehyde (MDA) is an indicator of lipid peroxidation that is a general mechanism of tissue damage by free radicals. This study is aimed at determining and comparing the ADA activity and MDA level in nasal polyps and normal mucosa. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Twenty-three patients with nasal polyps and a control group consisting of 14 patients with septal deviation and lower turbinate hypertrophy were included in the study. Tissue MDA level was measured by the method of Okawa with modification and tissue ADA activity by the method of Giusti. RESULTS: In patients with nasal polyp, mean tissue MDA level and ADA activity were 2.43 +/- 0.38 nmol/mg protein (Pr) and 0.235 +/- 0.055 U/mg Pr, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of control nasal mucosa (1.03 +/- 0.41 nmol/mg protein and 0.056 +/- 0.011 U/mg Pr, respectively) (P < 0.05). In addition, tissue MDA level was positively correlated to ADA activity in nasal polyps (r = 0.701, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed the presence of detectable ADA activity in nasal mucosa, and also significant increases in both tissue MDA level and ADA activity in NP tissue when compared to normal turbinate tissue. EBM RATING: B-2b.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of otitis media with effusion among primary school children in Kahramanmaras, in Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of otitis media with effusion (EOM) in primary school children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2002 and April 2002, children attending primary schools in Kahramanmaras were screened. The schools were divided into two groups as urban and suburban. Also, a primary boarding school in the city was included in the study as a third group. A total of 2930 children between the ages of 6 and 16 years were included in the study. After otoscopic examination, tympanogram and acoustic reflex tests were carried out. Audiogram was performed if the child had a type B or a type C tympanogram. RESULTS: EOM was identified in 189 children, in 80 of whom EOM was unilateral and in 109 of whom was it bilateral. The overall prevalence of EOM was 6.5%, with a maximum prevalence of 10.4% at ages between 6 and 8 years. By increasing age, the prevalence of EOM decreased. Also, we found a higher prevalence rate of EOM in children attending primary boarding school (7.6%) than those attending other schools. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that living in crowded places like boarding school may have a role in the occurrence of OME. Also, our findings support the opinion that the age is one of the most important risk factors for OME. Our prevalence rates were different when compared with some other studies from Turkey and other countries. These different prevalence rates may be related to climatic and environmental factors as well as the methods used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The sizes of internal jugular veins in Turkish children aged between 7 and 12 years.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed at searching for internal jugular vein (IJV) diameters in Turkish children in order to learn about anatomic details of IJV diameters and to supplement the diagnostic criteria in vascular pathologies such as phlebectasia. METHODS: A total of 92 children within the age range of 7-12 years were included in this study. In order to provide a consistent anatomical landmark in all subjects, all of the children were imaged by ultrasonography (USG) at the level of the cricoid cartilage. The measurements consisted the maximal antero-posterior (AP) and transverse (T) cross-sectional internal diameters of the internal jugular veins during both regular breathing and Valsalva maneuver. For the statistical purposes, the following analyses were performed: the relationship between the IJV diameters obtained at rest and those obtained during Valsalva maneuver, with the paired t-test; the relationship between the age groups and the IJV diameters, with the unpaired test. The significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: During regular breathing, the mean transvers diameters of the right and left IJVs were 11.26 and 10.01 mm, respectively, while they were 16.28 and 13.61 mm during straining phase of the Valsalva maneuver. The mean antero-posterior diameters of the right and left IJVs before and during Valsalva maneuver were 7.64 and 6.8 mm versus 11.53 and 9.84 mm. The IJV diameters were larger on the right side than those on the left and also there were significant increases in the diameters by Valsalva maneuver. CONCLUSION: As a result, in this study performed among Turkish children aged between 7-12 years, it was shown that there was no correlation between the IJV diameters and the age groups (P > 0.05), while there was a significant increase in the IJV diameters on Valsalva maneuver (P < 0.05). We think that the results we obtained in this study may be useful and important for comparison in the patients with phlebectasia and also for the required knowledge of the anatomic details in medical interventions performed through IJV. However, since children aged between 0 and 6 years were not included in this study and the lack of relation found in our study may not be the same among 0-6 years, a further study is needed to show any interrelationship between former age group and size.

Child↗
PubMed2003

The prevalence of nasal septal deviation in children from Kahramanmaras, Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of nasal septal deformities among Turkish school children, in the city of Kahramanmaras in Turkey. METHODS: Study included 1234 Caucasian children attending pre-school, primary and secondary schools. All of the children underwent nasal examinations. Pathological septal deformities were grouped into seven types by using Mladina's classification. The differences among the types of nasal septal deformity (NSD) and between sexes were tested by chi(2)-test for independent samples. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of NSD has been found to be 34.9%. For the age groups, the prevalence of NSD was 16.5% in pre-school children, 38.7% in primary school children and 39.9% in secondary school children. Type 1 NSD was the most commonly seen deformity among all age groups. Anterior deformities (types 1 and 2) were the most commonly encountered types in pre-school children, but the occurrences of the posterior deformities (types 3-5) was relatively increased as the age increased. Neither the distribution of NSD types nor the overall prevalence showed any statistically significant difference between both sexes. CONCLUSION: We found that the prevalence of NSD and the occurrence of the posterior deformities was relatively increased as the age increased. Our study may reflect the prevalence of septal deviation in Turkish children in Kahramanmaras, an eastern Mediterranean city of Turkey. However, further studies throughout the country are needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Bacteraemia during tonsillectomy.

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of bacteraemia during tonsillectomy and investigate the effect of the timing of culture sampling on the incidence of bacteraemia associated with it. Sixty-four consecutive patients who had been admitted for elective tonsillectomy were included in the study. Patients were randomly classified into two groups. Blood cultures as well as tonsillar surface and deep tissue cultures were obtained from all patients before tonsillectomy and 60 minutes after tonsillectomy. In addition, blood cultures were taken within two minutes following tonsillectomy for group 1 and 15 minutes after tonsillectomy for group 2. In group 1, the cultures obtained within two minutes were positive in nine patients, while only two of the blood cultures taken post-operatively were positive in group 2. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that a transient bacteraemia occurs frequently in association with tonsillectomy, but the timing of culture sampling for its detection is important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Pai syndrome: an adult patient with bifid nose and frontal hairline marker.

OBJECTIVE: A 17-year-old previously unreported patient with Pai syndrome is described. The boy had median cleft of upper lip, a polypoid skin mass over the columella, a minimal cleft of the upper central incisors, frontal alopecia of the anterior hairline, and bifid nose. Magnetic resonance imaging showed pericallosal lipoma. No mental retardation was present, and a chromosomal study showed normal male 46, XY karyotype.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of Maras powder (smokeless tobacco) on oxidative stress in users.

Maras Powder (MP) is a special kind of smokeless tobacco widely used in the southeast region of Turkey especially in Kahramanmaras and Gaziantep and other southeastern cities. It is obtained from a tobacco species, Nicotiana rustica L and ash of oak or grapevine wood. Tobacco may increase oxidative stress, which is related to the products of the oxygen metabolism taking place in all cells. Cellular antioxidants, e.g. catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) protect the cell against oxidative damage. An imbalance between the ROS and antioxidants in favour of ROS is described as oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of MP on antioxidant enzyme levels and lipid peroxidation. We measured malondialdehyde (MDA), CAT, SOD and G6PD levels in blood of 68 MP users and 30 healthy controls who did not use MP. CAT, SOD and G6PD levels were lower in MP users than in the controls. On the other hand, lipid peroxidation levels (MDA), one of the best indicators of cytological damage, was increased in MP users compared with the controls. The present study showed that MP increases oxidative stress, which may cause many systemic disorders, including arteriosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outcome of surgery for crooked nose: an objective method of evaluation.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to report the authors' surgical results, and to present their method of angle measurement using the Scion Image computer program to evaluate surgical results for crooked noses. METHODS: The study included 27 patients with crooked noses: classified as C-type and 14 classified as I-type. Deviation angles were measured by using the Scion Image computer program on frontal views before and at least 3 months after the operation. Correction of the crooked nose was performed through an open approach with the patients under general anesthesia. RESULTS: Significant correction was achieved for both types of crooked noses (p <0.05). The results for the I-type crooked noses were closer to the ideal angles than those for the C-type, but the difference was not significant. The findings showed that 66.7% of the patients with crooked noses, had good or excellent results after surgery: 53.8% of those with the C-Type and 78.6% of those with the I-type. CONCLUSION: It is difficult to achieve satisfactory results in the correction of crooked noses. The angle measurement method using the Scion Image computer program may be helpful in evaluating the effectiveness of different surgical techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autoimmunity in the etiology of otitis media with effusion.

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the most common health problems seen in children. The role of autoimmunity in the etiology of OME has been discussed for a long time. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the role of circulating antibodies in the pathogenesis of OME. The presence of antibodies against rabbit tympanic bulla epithelium was investigated by indirect immunoflouresence in the serum samples of 25 patients with OME and serum samples of 25 healthy children as a control group. In the control group, positive staining was seen in only 1 case (4%), whereas 8 cases with OME were positively stained (%32). There was statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. The presence of antibodies against middle ear epithelium in the cases with OME suggest that autoimmunity might play a role in the formation of effusion in the tympanic cavity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteremia during open septorhinoplasty.

BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed at determining the incidence of bacteremia during septoplasty and open septorhinoplasty. METHODS: The study included 60 patients (30 septoplasties and 30 open septorhinoplasties). Preoperative nasal cultures from the nasal cavity and vestibule were taken by using swabs, and blood cultures were obtained from peripheral veins preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. Blood cultures were evaluated by using the BACTEC method. RESULTS: Neither the blood cultures taken preoperatively nor those obtained postoperatively was positive for any organisms. On the other hand, although the bacterial growth was observed in only one of the blood cultures (3.3%) taken intraoperatively during septoplasty, it was observed in four blood cultures (13.3%) obtained intraoperatively during open septorhinoplasty. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that a transient bacteremia occurs during open septorhinoplasty. Although this bacteremia is transient and it has not led to any clinical manifestations in our patients, the possibility of bacteremia during this surgery should be kept in mind and necessary precautions should be taken preoperatively in patients with a high risk of cardiovascular infection.

Bacteremia↗