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Biomedical subjects

Emmett T Cunningham

Publications and source records attributed to Emmett T Cunningham.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Use of immunosuppressive agents in uveitis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes current patterns in the use of immunosuppressive agents in patients with uveitis. RECENT FINDINGS: A number of immunosuppressive agents are currently available for the treatment of uveitis. Reports of safety and efficacy, although numerous, have been largely nonrandomized and performed without controls, limiting, to some extent, the strength and generalizability of their conclusions. Nonetheless, the volume of case reports and case series provides compelling evidence that immunosuppressive agents are effective at providing long-term control in patients with moderate to severe chronic or recurrent uveitis. The choice of immunosuppressive agent is complex, and depends on the cause and severity of the patient's underlying inflammation, the presence or absence of associated systemic inflammation, and the patient's prior response to immunosuppressive treatments. SUMMARY: Although corticosteroids remain the primary initial treatment for patients with uveitis, use of noncorticosteroid immunosuppressive agents in selected patients with uveitis allows for improved control and decreased risk of corticosteroid-induced side effects.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2002

Imaging the posterior segment in uveitis.

This article reviews established and newly developed posterior segment imaging techniques that may be helpful in the diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis. A brief description of various techniques is followed by a discussion of the situations in which these techniques might be useful in assessing the cause of vision loss, and the extent and activity of the inflammatory changes. The last section of the article describes selected uveitis syndromes wherein posterior segment imaging can reveal diagnostically characteristic, and in some instances pathognomonic, findings.

Choroid Diseases↗
PubMed2002

Ocular toxoplasmosis.

Toxoplasmosis is the most common infectious cause of posterior uveitis. Although the classic presentation including moderate to severe vitreous inflammation associated with a focal retinochoroiditis and an adjacent or nearby retinochoroidal scar offers little diagnostic difficulty, numerous atypical presentations have been recognized. Here, both serologic and PCR-based analyses can be used to support the diagnosis in clinically challenging cases. Treatment decisions can be complex and need to be individualized for each patient.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Diagnosis and management of herpetic anterior uveitis.

Herpetic anterior uveitis is a relatively common condition. History of herpetic disease and the presence of characteristic findings on ocular examination suggest the diagnosis and help to differentiate between HSV and VZV as the cause of this condition. New diagnostic techniques have allowed a more specific diagnosis. Topical corticosteroids and oral antivirals have become the main standards for management.

Eye Infections, Viral↗
PubMed2002

Atypical presentations of ocular toxoplasmosis.

The diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis is based most often on the presence of characteristic clinical findings, which include focal retinochoroiditis, an adjacent or nearby retinochoroidal scar, and moderate to severe vitreous inflammation. However, a variety of less common, "atypical" presentations may be unfamiliar to clinicians, delaying both diagnosis and treatment. Patients who are immunocompromised or elderly may, for example, present with large, multiple and/or bilateral lesions. Other unusual manifestations include punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis, retinal vasculitis, retinal vascular occlusions, rhegmatogenous and serous retinal detachments, a unilateral pigmentary retinopathy mimicking retinitis pigmentosa, neuroretinitis and other forms of optic neuropathy, and scleritis. Although in the past most cases of ocular toxoplasmosis were considered to result from reactivation of a congenital infection, it is now believed that postnatally acquired infection accounts for many cases of this disease. With appropriate use of antiparasitic therapy, the visual prognosis for patients with both typical and atypical forms of ocular toxoplasmosis may be good.

Choroiditis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Syphilitic retinitis with focal inflammatory accumulations.

A 42-year-old man with a history of human immunodeficiency virus and previous immune reconstitution after initiating a highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen was referred to rule out cytomegalo-virus retinitis. He had an unusual juxtapapillary collection of white superficial material and multiple preretinal collections resting on a peripheral ground glass opacification of the retina. These lesions quickly resolved after initiating treatment for syphilitic retinitis. The patient appeared to have developed an exaggerated response to the ocular syphilitic infection that may be related to the augmentation of his impaired immune system by highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Adult↗