Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Emiko Adachi-Usami.
A 49-year-old man suffered from bilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy almost simultaneously, and was diagnosed with idiopathic aldosteronism associated with hypertension. Because this patient had multiple organ disorders, multiple cerebral infarctions, and a mild loss of renal function, it was important to treat his primary disease.
Visual acuity after cataract surgery in patients with glaucoma cannot be predicted accurately. We studied preoperative recordings of pattern visual evoked cortical potentials (PVECPs) to evaluate postoperative vision in patients with glaucoma and cataract. Fifty patients with glaucoma and no cataract and 31 patients with glaucoma and cataract who underwent phacoemulsification were included in this study. Age and P100 component significantly correlated with postoperative visual acuity with multiple linear regression analysis. A significantly greater number of patients with glaucoma, cataract, and a P100 component preoperatively showed a visual acuity of 0.7 or better postoperatively, as compared to those without a P100 component. PVECP before cataract surgery was able to predict postoperative good visual acuity in patients with glaucoma and cataract.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether nipradilol, a beta-blocker having both vasodilating and alpha(1)-blocking activities, can protect retinal cells from the injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion. Rats were anesthetized and, after an intravitreal injection of nipradilol, the intraocular pressure was raised for 45 min to induce retinal ischemia and reperfusion. Before, and 3 and 7 days after the ischemia, electroretinograms were recorded. After the ischemia, the mean amplitude of the b-waves in rats receiving 5 microl of 1.0 x 10(-6) M nipradilol was significantly larger than of controls (injected with phosphate-buffered saline). Histologically, the reduction in the number of retinal ganglion cells (1.0 x 10(-6) M), and the thickness of the inner and outer plexiform layers and the inner nuclear layer (1.0 x 10(-6), 10(-7) and 10(-8) M) was suppressed by nipradilol. These results indicate that nipradilol protected the retina against retinal ischemia and reperfusion and should be considered for therapeutic use in cases of transient retinal ischemia.
To evaluate the characteristics of pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) in traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) compared with optic neuritis (ON), we retrospectively studied 47 patients with TON and 64 patients with unilateral ON. PVEPs elicited by the stimulation with 3 reversals/s were recorded in all patients. A PVEP could be recorded in 29.8% of the TON patients and 49.6% of the ON patients at their first visit. In the 14 patients with TON and recordable PVEPs, the mean amplitude ratio (affected/fellow eye) was 0.29 +/- 0.03 (SE) and the mean delay of the peak latency was 17.9 +/- 2.9 ms. In the 30 patients with ON and recordable PVEPs, the mean amplitude ratio was 0.48 +/- 0.04 (SE) and the mean delay of the peak latency was 23.5 +/- 2.5 ms. The amplitude ratio was significantly lower in patients with TON than in those with ON.
PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between the clinical characteristics of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and systemic corticosteroid therapy. METHODS: The medical records of 17 cases of CSC that developed during systemic corticosteroid treatment from 1987 to 1999 at Chiba University Hospital were reviewed. The relationship of CSC to the age, gender, laterality, and disease requiring the corticosteroid treatment, and the dose and duration of corticosteroid therapy were examined. RESULTS: There were 6 men and 11 women, and 2 of these developed bilateral and 15 developed unilateral CSC. The duration from the beginning of corticosteroid treatment to the onset of CSC ranged from 3 days to 23 years; 9 patients developed CSC within 1 year after the beginning of the corticosteroid medication and 6 patients after more than 8 years. The amount of corticosteroid medication at the onset of CSC ranged from 5 to 1,000 mg/day equivalent prednisolone units. There was a significant correlation between age at the onset of CSC and the daily dosage of corticosteroid. CONCLUSION: Even small amounts of daily corticosteroids (5-10 mg/day) can cause CSC, especially in elderly patients. These findings indicate that we need to monitor patients undergoing corticosteroid treatment carefully.