Biomedical subjects

Elena Rochtchina

Publications and source records attributed to Elena Rochtchina.

75 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Socioeconomic status and incident cataract surgery: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.

The aim of this study was to assess whether socioeconomic status influenced the incidence of cataract surgery in a defined population of older Australians. The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 residents during 1992-1994, then 2334 survivors (75.1%)during 1997-1999. Interviewers collected information on principal occupation, which was analysed using Australian Bureau of Statistics categories (stratified into four groups) and the Daniel Occupational Prestige Scale. Cataract surgical history was confirmed at both visits from clinical examinations. There were no statistically significant associations for any of the occupational categories with the 5-year incidence of cataract surgery. In summary, this study could not confirm any major socioeconomic associations with incident cataract surgery, supporting the view that cataract surgery is largely patient driven and that its primary incentive is patient benefit.

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PubMed2002

Bias in self-reported family history and relationship to glaucoma: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.

PURPOSE: To examine bias in the relationship between self-reported family history of glaucoma and its relationship to the prevalence of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. METHODS: In a cross-sectional population-based study of 3654 Australians aged 49-97, participants were asked whether any first-degree relatives had been diagnosed with glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma was diagnosed from matching optic disc and typical visual field changes, after gonioscopy. Ocular hypertension (OH) was diagnosed from elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in subjects without glaucoma. RESULTS: Glaucoma was present in 3.0% and ocular hypertension in 5.2% of subjects. A parent or sibling was reported to have glaucoma by 8.6%, including 10.5% of women and 5.9% of men. A positive family history was reported more frequently in parents (6.4%) than siblings (2.6%). Glaucoma was reported more frequently to affect mothers (5.0%) and sisters (1.6%) than fathers (1.5%) and brothers (1.2%). A first-degree family history was given by 15.7% of subjects with glaucoma compared to 8.3% of controls, odds ratio (OR) 3.2 (95% CI 1.8-5.6), after adjusting for glaucoma risk factors, including IOP. The association had a similar magnitude for a family history in parents and siblings. Although recall bias was evident from the finding of increased odds (OR 4.2) among previously diagnosed cases, the relationship with family history also persisted in newly-diagnosed cases (OR 2.4). A slightly stronger relationship was found between OH and glaucoma family history, OR 3.9 (95% CI 2.6-5.7), after adjusting for confounders, but was also strongly influenced by recall bias. CONCLUSIONS: Although a positive family history of glaucoma may help to identify those at risk, it is subject to recall, selection and survival bias as well as community under-diagnosis of glaucoma and will most likely substantially underestimate the genetic influence.

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PubMed2002

Myopia and incident cataract and cataract surgery: the blue mountains eye study.

PURPOSE: To assess whether an association exists between myopia and incident cataract and cataract surgery in an older population-based cohort study. METHODS: The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 participants aged 49 years or more during 1992 to 1994 and then 2334 (75.1%) of the survivors after 5 years. A history of using eyeglasses for clear distance vision was obtained. Objective refraction was performed with an autorefractor, followed by subjective refraction with a logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) chart. Emmetropia was defined as a spherical equivalent refraction between +1 D and -1 D, hyperopia as more than +1 D, and myopia as less than -1 D. Slit lamp and retroillumination lens photographs were graded for presence of cortical, nuclear, or posterior subcapsular cataract, according to the Wisconsin Cataract Grading System. Generalized estimating equation models analyzed data by eye. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant association between high myopia (-6 D or less) and incident nuclear cataract (odds ratio [OR] 3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-7.4). Incident posterior subcapsular cataract was associated with any myopia (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.0-4.8), moderate to high myopia (-3.5 D or less, OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.7-11.5), and use of distance glasses before age 20 (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.0-9.3), after adjustment for multiple potential confounders, including severity of nuclear opacity. Incident cataract surgery was significantly associated with any myopia (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-4.2) as well as moderate (-3.5 to more than -6D; OR 2.9, 1.2-7.3) and high myopia (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.0-11.3). CONCLUSIONS: These epidemiologic data provide some evidence of an association between myopia and incident cataract and cataract surgery, after adjustment for multiple confounders and severity of nuclear opacity. These data support other cross-sectional and longitudinal population-based findings.

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