Biomedical subjects

Elena Plante

Publications and source records attributed to Elena Plante.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Aphasia severity: Association with cerebral perfusion and diffusion.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies of the relationship between perfusion, diffusion, and stroke suggest that the extent of cerebral hypoperfusion may be a better indicator of neurological status than lesion size in the early phases of recovery. It is not clear how these factors are related to aphasia severity. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cerebral perfusion, diffusion, and aphasia severity in stroke. METHODS #ENTITYSTARTX00026; PROCEDURE: Nine participants were examined within 24 hours of stroke onset and six were re-examined at 1 month post stroke. The examination included administration of an aphasia test, a face recognition task, and a neuroimaging session including T2-, perfusion-, and diffusion-weighted MRI. OUTCOMES #ENTITYSTARTX00026; RESULTS: Participants with a variety of aphasia types and severity were included in the study. Visual inspection suggested larger perfusion abnormality than the actual lesion in eight of nine subjects at day 1. The correlation between aphasia severity and hypoperfusion was significant at day 1 and at 1 month post stroke. However, this was not the case for the relationship between aphasia severity and lesion size where the correlation was not statistically significant at day 1 or at 1 month post stroke. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that cerebral hypoperfusion is a more accurate indicator of aphasia severity in early stroke than lesion volume.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Dissociating sentential prosody from sentence processing: activation interacts with task demands.

Sentence processing was contrasted with processing of syntactic prosody under two task conditions in order to examine the representation of these components of language and their interaction with working memory load. Twelve adults received fMDI scans while they listened to low-pass filtered and unfiltered sentences either passively, or during tasks that required subjects to remember and recognize information contained in the stimuli. Results indicated that temporal activation for prosodic stimuli differed compared to activation for sentence stimuli only during passive listening tasks. The inclusion of memory demands was associated with frontal activation, which was differentially lateralized for sentence and prosodic stimuli. The results demonstrate differential brain activation for prosodic vs sentential stimuli which interacts with the memory demands placed on the subjects.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Practical aspects of conducting large-scale functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in children.

The potential benefits of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the investigation of normal development have been limited by difficulties in its use with children. We describe the practical aspects, including failure rates, involved in conducting large-scale functional MRI studies with normal children. Two hundred and nine healthy children between the ages of 5 and 18 years participated in a functional MRI study of language development. Reliable activation maps were obtained across the age range. Younger children had significantly higher failure rates than older children and adolescents. It is concluded that it is feasible to conduct large-scale functional MRI studies of children as young as 5 years old. These findings can be used by other research groups to guide study design and plans for recruitment of young subjects.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in speech and language development of a young child after decannulation.

UNLABELLED: This report reviews the speech and language development of a child who, as result of complete subglottic stenosis, was aphonic from birth until 2 years and 11 months of age at which time laryngotracheal reconstruction provided normal respiration. The boy had congenital subglottic stenosis requiring neonatal tracheostomy. The congenital subglottic stenosis progressed to complete subglottic stenosis during the neonatal period. The child's speech and language development was monitored for a 24-week period following airway reconstruction. LEARNING OUTCOMES: The reader will learn about and be able to describe: (1) the speech and language development of a child who was aphonic from birth until 35 months of age, (2) the effects of surgical repair of a tracheotomy on the child's speech and language development, (3) the likely importance of babbling in speech and language development.

Aphonia↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sensitivity to word order cues by normal and language/learning disabled adults.

UNLABELLED: Sixteen adults with language/learning disabilities (L/LD) and 16 adults who lacked a personal or familial history of L/LD participated in a study designed to test sensitivity to word order cues that signaled grammatical versus ungrammatical word strings belonging to an artificial grammar. In an exposure phase, participants heard word strings constructed of novel CVC words for a period of 5 min. In a test phase, participants were asked to judge new sentences as either obeying or violating the rules of the grammar they heard. L/LD participants performed significantly below the comparison group on this task. The results suggest that this skill, which emerges early in life for normal children, is problematic for adults with L/LD. LEARNING OUTCOMES: The reader will become familiar with a paradigm that allows assessment of rapid learning of word order rules and how this learning differs for normal and language/learning disabled adults.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Recognition of vocal and facial cues to affect in language-impaired and normally-developing preschoolers.

UNLABELLED: The current study was designed to investigate whether reported difficulties in language-impaired children's ability to identify vocal and facial cues to emotion could be explained at least partially by nonparalinguistic factors. Children with specific language impairment (SLI) and control participants received an affect discrimination task, which consisted of the following cue situations: (1) facial expression and unfiltered speech; (2) lowpass-filtered speech only; (3) facial expression only; and (4) facial expression and filtered speech. The results of the study indicated that impaired and nonimpaired group performance differed only for the items including facial expression and nonfiltered speech. Developmental and investigative implications of this finding are addressed. LEARNING OUTCOMES: As a result of this activity, the participant will be able to summarize the findings from existing research on affect comprehension in children with language impairments (LI). As a result of this activity, the participant will be able to discuss ways in which language impairment and difficulties in understanding emotion cues are associated and propose how these associations might influence social interactions.

Affect↗