Biomedical subjects

Edina H Moylett

Publications and source records attributed to Edina H Moylett.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Burkholderia gladioli osteomyelitis in association with chronic granulomatous disease: case report and review.

We describe a case of insidious small bone osteomyelitis and soft tissue abscess with Burkholderia gladioli in a 6-year-old Caucasian boy with chronic granulomatous disease. DNA sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene confirmed the bacterial identification. Clinical cure was achieved with a combination of antimicrobial therapy and surgical debridement. A review of infections caused by Burkholderia spp., other than Burkholderia cepacia complex, in pediatric patients with chronic granulomatous disease is provided.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2004

Comparison of the inhibition of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus by NMSO3 in tissue culture assays.

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently elucidated respiratory virus pathogen for which there are no agents currently licensed to prevent or treat infections caused by it. However, NMSO3 has been reported to inhibit replication of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), a virus that is closely related to hMPV, both in vitro in tissue culture cells and in vivo in cotton rats. For this reason, experiments were performed to compare the antiviral activity of NMSO3 against both hRSV and hMPV in tissue culture-based assays. Heparin and ribavirin, two other compounds known to inhibit hRSV, and two other paramyxoviruses, human parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) and measles virus (MV), were included in these tests for comparison. All three compounds significantly inhibited the replication of subtype A and B strains of hRSV and serotypes 1 and 2 hMPV. However, unlike ribavirin, NMSO3 and heparin inhibited only hMPV and hRSV and not PIV3 or MV. Also unlike ribavirin, the activity of the two sulfated molecules was most effective if these materials were present during virus attachment and penetration of host cells. Interestingly, NMSO3, but not heparin, was able to limit secondary infection and spread of both viruses.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Live viral vaccines in patients with partial DiGeorge syndrome: clinical experience and cellular immunity.

Partial DiGeorge syndrome (pDGS) is an inherited primary immunodeficiency syndrome (incidence, 1:3000 live births) primarily affecting cellular immune function; partial, infers thymic hypoplasia with detectable circulating T-lymphocytes and adequate function. No guidelines exist regarding the recommendations for use of live viral vaccines (LVVs) in this extensive population of pediatric patients. We reviewed the experience with live viral vaccines in our cohort of patients with pDGS. Of 53 patients, 25 (47%) had received a live viral vaccine. No significant adverse events were recorded in association with administration of live viral vaccines. There was no statistically significant difference between cellular immune function at initial presentation between those patients that received live viral vaccines and those that did not. Adequate cellular immune function was documented for 15 of the 25 LVV recipients at the time of vaccine administration without significant change from baseline. These observations suggest that live viral vaccines appear safe in patients with pDGS and stable immune function.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Mechanistic actions of the risks and adverse events associated with vaccine administration.

Vaccine-preventable disease levels in the United States are at or near record lows. Most parents today have never seen a case of diphtheria, measles, or other once commonly encountered infectious diseases now preventable by vaccine administration. As a result, some parents wonder why their children must receive shots for diseases that do not seem to exist. Myths and misinformation about vaccine safety abound and can confuse parents who are trying to make sound decisions about their children's health care. However, we cannot take continued high immunization coverage levels for granted. A successful vaccination program, like a successful society, depends on the cooperation of every individual to ensure the good of all. This review outlines for clinical allergists-immunologists the molecular basis for the risks and adverse events associated with vaccine administration so that they can be better informed as experts on vaccine-associated adverse reactions.

Hepatitis B Vaccines↗

PubMed2003

Clinical experience with linezolid for the treatment of nocardia infection.

Linezolid is an oxazolidinone that has activity against most gram-positive bacteria, including in vitro activity against all Nocardia species and strains. We describe 6 clinical cases of nocardiosis that were successfully treated with linezolid. Two patients had underlying X-linked chronic granulomatous disease, and 2 patients were receiving chronic corticosteroid therapy. Four of 6 patients had disseminated disease, and 2 of these 4 patients had multiple brain abscesses. Four patients primarily received monotherapy; for the fifth patient, linezolid was added to a failing multiple-drug regimen, and, for the sixth patient, it was used as part of combination therapy. All 6 patients were successfully treated, although 1 patient had a presumed relapse of central nervous system infection after premature discontinuation of the drug. Linezolid appears to be an effective alternative for the treatment of nocardiosis.

Acetamides↗

PubMed2003

Neonatal Candida meningitis.

Candida: spp. are becoming one of the most common pathogens associated with sepsis in the setting of neonatal intensive care. Invasive therapies aimed at improving patient survival, particularly among premature infants, contribute significantly to this alteration in the distribution of neonatal pathogens. Prematurity is one of the principle risk factors associated with the development of neonatal meningitis in this patient population. Untreated, neonatal candidal meningitis is associated with a poor outcome both in terms of morbidity and mortality. However, early diagnosis with timely initiation of antifungal therapy will improve outcome significantly. The following review outlines the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and current treatment options for neonatal candidal meningitis.

Antifungal Agents↗

PubMed2003

Trichosporon pullulans infection in 2 patients with chronic granulomatous disease: an emerging pathogen and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Chronic granulomatous disease is a genetically determined primary immunodeficiency disease in which phagocytic cells are unable to kill certain bacteria and fungi after ingestion. Manifestations include recurrent pyogenic infections caused by catalase-positive microbes. Trichosporon species are emerging as opportunistic agents that cause systemic disease in immunocompromised patients. Typically disease has been described in association with T beigelii in patients with secondary immunodeficiency, such as underlying malignancy. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to report the first 2 cases of T pullulans infection in 2 male children with chronic granulomatous disease. METHODS: The records of the 2 patients were reviewed. In addition, all cases of T pullulans infection reported in the English language literature are presented. RESULTS: This report brings to 7 the total number of cases of T pullulans reported and the first in patients with chronic granulomatous disease, one with invasive pneumonia and the other with an infected paronychium and localized cellulitis. In the 5 additional cases malignancy was the principal risk factor. CONCLUSION: T pullulans has rarely been reported as a fungal pathogen. The most prominent risk factor for the development of trichosporonosis is immunocompromise, most notably with neutropenia. Abnormally functioning neutrophils, such as with chronic granulomatous disease, may also predispose individuals to this opportunistic pathogen.

Child↗

PubMed2003

29. Immunization.

The medical dictionary defines immunization as the "protection of susceptible individuals from communicable diseases by the administration of a living modified agent, a suspension of killed organisms, or an inactivated toxin." This elegant description can be expanded to include twenty-first century approaches to immunization that include recombinant technology, reassortment virus techniques, live vectors, DNA vaccines, and the expansion of the field to encompass noncommunicable diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, autoimmunity, and tumor immunogenetics. Integral to the success of immunization is our knowledge of the immune system's memory of antigens, yet our understanding of this fundamental feature remains limited. On a global scale, communicable diseases remain the number-one cause of morbidity and mortality; hence Jenner's pioneering work with its birth in 1796 still has a challenging and exciting future.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed2002

HIV: clinical manifestations.

HIV infection in the United States appeared early in the 1980s, when previously healthy homosexual men manifested opportunistic infections attributable to apparent underlying immunodeficiency. After these initial isolated reports, there appeared many other groups of patients at risk for development of this devastating disease. From these meager beginnings, the problem has escalated exponentially. HIV infection can affect every system in the human body. Since the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, however, the prevalence of opportunistic infections and HIV-AIDS clinical manifestations has declined dramatically. In addition to antiretroviral therapy, management of HIV-infected persons requires knowledge of the extent of system involvement, as well as highly active antiretroviral therapy-related adverse effects, so as to recognize complications and initiate appropriate intervention. In the following review we will attempt to comprehensively summarize the clinical manifestations of HIV infection for both pediatric and adult populations.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗