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Biomedical subjects

Earl R Bogoch

Publications and source records attributed to Earl R Bogoch.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Posterior versus lateral surgical approach for total hip arthroplasty in adults with osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is a progressive condition that has no cure and often requires a total hip arthroplasty (THA). The principal methods for THA are the posterior and direct lateral approaches. The posterior approach is considered to be easy to perform, however, increased rates of dislocation have been reported. The direct lateral approach facilitates cup positioning which may decrease rates of hip dislocation and diminishes the risk of injury to the sciatic nerve. However, there is an increased risk of limp. Dislocation of a hip prosthesis is a clinically important complication after THA, in terms of morbidity implications and costs. OBJECTIVES: To determine the risks of prosthesis dislocation, postoperative Trendelenburg gait and sciatic nerve palsy after a posterior approach, compared to a direct lateral approach, for adult patients undergoing THA for primary OA and to update the previous review made in 2003. SEARCH STRATEGY: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane databases were searched and updated, from the previous search of 2002, to Oct 13, 2005. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA: Published trials comparing posterior and direct lateral surgical approaches to THA in participants 18 years and older with a diagnosis of primary hip OA. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Retrieved articles were assessed independently by the two reviewers for their methodological quality. MAIN RESULTS: Four prospective cohort studies involving 241 participants met the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome, dislocation, was reported in two studies. No significant difference between posterior and direct lateral surgical approach was found [1/77 (1.3%) versus 3/72 (4.2%); relative risk (RR) 0.35; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.04 to 3.22]. The presence of postoperative Trendelenburg gait was not significantly different between these surgical approaches. The risk of nerve palsy or injury (all nerves taken together) was significantly higher among the direct lateral approaches [1/43 (2%) versus 10/49 (20%); RR 0.16, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.83]. However, there were no significant differences when comparing this risk nerve by nerve for both approaches, in particular for the sciatic nerve. Of the other outcomes considered only the average range of internal rotation in extension of the hip was significantly higher (weighted mean difference 16 degrees, 95% CI 8 to 23) in the posterior approach group (mean 35 degrees , standard deviation 13 degrees ) compared to the direct lateral approach (mean 19 degrees , standard deviation 13 degrees ). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The quality and quantity of information extracted from the trials performed to date are insufficient to make any firm conclusion on the optimum choice of surgical approach in adult patients undergoing primary THA for OA.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Effective initiation of osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment for patients with a fragility fracture in an orthopaedic environment.

BACKGROUND: Fragility fractures resulting from osteoporosis are common injuries. However, the identification and treatment of osteoporosis in these high-risk patients are widely reported to be inadequate. The goals of this study were to determine how many patients receiving inpatient or outpatient treatment for a fragility fracture could be identified and enrolled in a program for osteoporosis education, investigation, and treatment and receive appropriate osteoporosis care within the program. METHODS: An Osteoporosis Exemplary Care Program was implemented to identify, educate, evaluate, refer, and treat patients considered to be at risk for osteoporosis because of a typical fragility fracture. System modifications included coordination among the orthopaedic unit, Metabolic Bone Disease Clinic, and nuclear medicine unit to provide a continuum of care for these patients. Barriers were addressed through ongoing education of physicians, staff, and patients to increase knowledge and awareness of osteoporosis. The percentages of patients previously diagnosed and treated for osteoporosis, referred for investigation of osteoporosis, treated by the orthopaedic team, and receiving appropriate attention for osteoporosis were calculated. Risk factors for osteoporosis were also assessed. RESULTS: Three hundred and forty-nine patients with a fragility fracture (221 outpatients and 128 inpatients) who met the inclusion criteria and an additional eighty-one patients with a fracture (fifty-five outpatients and twenty-six inpatients) who did not meet the inclusion criteria but were suspected by their orthopaedic surgeons of having underlying osteoporosis were enrolled in the Osteoporosis Exemplary Care Program. More than 96% (414) of these 430 patients received appropriate attention for osteoporosis. Approximately one-third (146) of the 430 patients had been diagnosed and treated for osteoporosis before the time of recruitment. Two hundred and twenty-two of the remaining patients were referred to the Metabolic Bone Disease Clinic or to their family physician for further investigation and treatment for osteoporosis. Treatment was initiated by the orthopaedic team for another twenty-three patients. Many patients had risk factors for osteoporosis in addition to the fragility fracture; these included a previous fracture (forty-nine of 187; 26%), a mother who had had a fragility fracture (forty-two of 188; 22%), or a history of smoking (105 of 188; 56%). CONCLUSIONS: In a coordinated post-fracture osteoporosis education and treatment program directed at patients with a fragility fracture and their caregivers, >95% of patients were appropriately diagnosed, treated, or referred for osteoporosis care. To accomplish this, a dedicated coordinator and the full cooperation of orthopaedic surgeons and residents, orthopaedic technologists, allied health-care professionals (nurses, physical and occupational therapists, and social workers), and administrative staff were required.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2005

Asymmetry of small joint involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: prevalence and tendency towards symmetry over time.

OBJECTIVES: To quantify asymmetry of radiological joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to determine whether asymmetrical damage to joints in RA becomes symmetrical over time, and to identify factors predictive of symmetrization. METHODS: In phase 1, initial, mid-term (mean follow-up: 3 years) and late (mean follow-up: 8 years) radiographs of 48 patients with definite RA (English population) were graded by the Modified Larsen (ML) system. In phase 2, 27 subjects (Canadian population) with at least one asymmetrical pair of joints in the hands or feet were identified. Two successive radiographs of 77 asymmetrical joints, separated by at least 2 years, were compared. Clinical and biological factors were assessed for their ability to predict symmetrization, defined as a reduction in side-to-side difference over time of two or more ML grades. RESULTS: In phase 1, the overall rate of asymmetry was 12.9% (95% CI: 11.2-14.5%), increasing from 9.7% (first visit) to 13.8% (mid-term) and 14.4% (last visit). Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints were more frequently asymmetrical than thumb (MCP and interphalangeal) joints (P = 0.0064) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints (P < 0.0001); wrist quadrants were more frequently asymmetrical than PIP joints (P < 0.0001). In phase 2, two groups were identified and compared: symmetrizers (22 joints) and non-symmetrizers (55 joints). The overall probability of small joints in the hand and foot symmetrizing was 28.5%. Rheumatoid factor (RF) was predictive of symmetrization. The risk of symmetrization was significantly increased in RF-positive patients with asymmetric joints (P = 0.01). The prevalence of asymmetry did not decrease with disease duration, despite symmetrization. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of asymmetry in joint damage in RA was 13-16%. Symmetry was more evident in PIP joints than in MCP and wrist joints. Seropositive patients are more than twice as likely to symmetrize than seronegative patients. Data regarding the tendency for symmetrization may have value in the clinical management of RA patients with asymmetrical joint damage.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2005

Surgery of the hand in patients with systemic sclerosis: outcomes and considerations.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the current status of hand surgery in patients who have systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to elucidate special issues of surgery in this patient group. METHODS: A systematic review of English language original studies of surgical procedures of the hand in patients with SSc was performed using Medline, PreMedline, Embase, and Web of Science, from 1975 to March 15, 2004. RESULTS: Thirty-four studies were reviewed: 5 describing surgical procedures on joints, 13 on calcinosis removal, and 20 on digital sympathectomy. When the hand is affected by advanced contracture and deformity due to scleroderma, a nominal measured improvement in position and function may lead to a substantial improvement in the patient's adaptive ability to perform certain activities of daily living. A major concern is the potential for postoperative digital ischemia secondary to vascular involvement, as most of these patients exhibit blood vessel wall changes and Raynaud's phenomenon. Surgical wounds generally heal well following fusion of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) or distal interphalangeal joint. Correction of severe flexion contractures of the PIP joint improves function and may reduce the frequency of dorsal skin ulceration. Recurrent digital tip ulceration occurs in 31.8-71.4% (median 45.2%) of scleroderma patients, reported to progress to gangrene and autoamputation in 14-29% of cases. Microsurgical revascularization of the hand, digital arterial reconstruction, and peripheral sympathectomy may improve digital vascular perfusion, heal digital ulcers, and relieve pain. Subcutaneous calcifications occur in 8.9-73.1% (median 44.1%) of SSc patients, most commonly at the fingertip, causing pain, functional impairment, and ulceration. Calcinosis can be partially removed with a high-speed burr or carbon dioxide laser. CONCLUSION: The goals of surgery for advanced SSc affecting the hand are limited and include pain relief through sympathectomy and increased perfusion, repositioning the digit, providing a functional position of fusion, and modest mobilization through resection arthroplasty.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed2004

Surgical approach for total hip arthroplasty: direct lateral or posterior?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risks of prosthesis dislocation, postoperative Trendelenburg gait, and sciatic nerve palsy after a posterior approach compared to a direct lateral approach for adult patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) for primary osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Medline, Embase, CINHAL, and Cochrane databases were searched until August 2003. All published trials comparing posterior and direct lateral surgical approaches to THA in adults with a diagnosis of primary hip osteoarthritis were collected. Retrieved articles were assessed independently for their methodological quality. RESULTS: Four prospective cohort studies involving 241 participants met the inclusion criteria. Regarding dislocation rate, no significant difference between posterior and direct lateral surgical approach was found (relative risk 0.35). The presence of postoperative Trendelenburg gait was not significantly different between surgical approaches. The risk of nerve palsy or injury was significantly higher with the direct lateral approach (relative risk 0.16). However, there were no significant differences when comparing this risk nerve by nerve, in particular for the sciatic nerve. Of the other outcomes considered, only the average range of internal rotation in extension of the hip was significantly higher (weighted mean difference 16 degrees ) in the posterior approach group (mean 35 degrees, SD 13 degrees ) compared to the direct lateral approach (mean 19 degrees, SD 13 degrees ). CONCLUSION: The quality and quantity of information extracted from the trials performed to date are insufficient to make a firm conclusion on the optimum choice of surgical approach for adult patients undergoing primary THA for OA.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗
PubMed2002

Lumbar paravertebral nerve block in the management of pain after total hip and knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

The accepted mode of pain management after total hip or knee arthroplasty is patient-controlled analgesia. This study evaluates the efficacy of lumbar paravertebral nerve block in diminishing postoperative pain when used as an adjunct to patient-controlled analgesia. A total of 115 arthroplasty patients received postoperatively a lumbar paravertebral nerve block (block, n = 57) or a sham procedure (control, n = 58). The block group required approximately 10 mg less morphine for pain control than the control group during the first 4 hours postoperatively (P<.001). There were no significant differences in morphine use between the groups 4 to 24 hours postoperatively. Visual analog scale pain score measurements at 4, 8, and 24 hours did not differ significantly between the groups. Paravertebral nerve block of the lumbar plexus is an invasive procedure with some risk. Considering the added risk and minimal benefits, routine use of this procedure is not supported.

Analgesia, Patient-Controlled↗