Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Zimmermann

Publications and source records attributed to E Zimmermann.

152 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) on cytokine production and the viability of murine peritoneal macrophages.

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) on murine peritoneal macrophages. Immunomodulatory effects of SLN composed of either a lipid- (glycerol-behenate) or a wax (cetylpalmitate) matrix stabilized by the surfactant Poloxamer 188 were analysed by detection of proinflammatory and down-regulatory cytokines in supernatants of thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cytotoxicity of SLN was assessed using the ITT test. Incubation of macrophages with either SLN at low concentrations did not increase production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. At higher SLN concentrations, a concentration-dependent decrease in IL-6 secretion was observed compared to background production of IL-6 by untreated macrophages. IL-12 and TNF-alpha production was neither detected in supernatants of macrophages treated with SLN at any concentration nor in those of untreated cells. The decrease in IL-6 secretion was paralleled by concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of SLN on these cells. In contrast, incubation with polystyrene reference particles neither resulted in decreased IL-6 production nor in a loss of viability. SLN-treated macrophages were found to up-regulate their cytokine production following stimulation with Pansorbin, despite the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity induced by SLN. Down-regulatory effects on SLN-treated macrophages by IL-10 were not observed. In conclusion, incubation of SLN with murine peritoneal macrophages did not induce the production of proinflammatory and down-regulatory cytokines. At high concentrations of SLN, cytotoxic effects on these cells were observed. Cytotoxicity appears to be the main cause of decreased cytokine production by these cells.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personnel requirements for school health care].

Health promotion for schoolchildren requires a medical staff due to the multitude of functions. The introduced calculatory basis for an appropriate allocation of personnel allows to meet various requirements in different regions of the FRG.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Methodological note: intragastric intubation of ethanol to rat pups.

A method is described for delivering exact amounts of ethanol to rat pups during the preweaning period. It minimizes the confounding effects of undernutrition as indicated by body weight impairment. Rat pups fed intragastrically with relatively low doses of ethanol (0.8, 1.2, or 2.0 g/kg) in a 20% (w/v) nutriment solution (Sustagen, Mead Johnson) maintained body weights at levels comparable to those of same-sex littermate controls fed equal volumes of isocaloric nutriment or untreated. The findings indicate the feasibility of using the intragastric feeding procedure to administer repeatedly an exact quantity of ethanol which does not alter body weight. Thirty minutes after intubation of a challenge dose of ethanol (2.0 g/kg), the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of both ethanol and control groups were comparably elevated. After four hours, only the BAC of the control group had fallen significantly. These results suggest that ethanol-induced metabolic effects may occur without alteration of body weight. Higher doses of ethanol (5-7 g/kg) produced body weight impairment and/or death.

Animals↗