Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Zielonka.
Verrucous carcinoma is a rare form of squamous cell carcinoma. It behaves as a slow-growing, locally aggressive and rarely metastasizing tumour. Three clinical cases are presented, with emphasis on clinical presentation, pathological diagnosis and therapeutic approach. The pathogenesis of verrucous carcinoma, including chronic inflammation and human papillomavirus, is also discussed.
The myocutaneous rectus abdominis flap described by Hartrampf was used for 156 breast reconstructions between 1982 and 1992. 107 reconstructions were done with one pedicle. 142 were delayed reconstructions. Partial necrosis of the flap occurred in 10% of the cases in bipedicled flaps and 20% in unilateral flaps. No hernia occurred in this series. Cosmetic results are considered satisfactory or very satisfactory in 59% of the cases when evaluated by the medical team and 76.5% when evaluated by the patients. As a conclusion of this study, the TRAM flap is preferred in delayed reconstructions when local and general conditions are suitable, rather than latissimus dorsi flap reconstructions which require an implant.
An assessment of school children's exposure to cadmium and lead was carried out in Cracow and in a rural area in the years 1987-1989. The metal concentrations were determined in blood, which seems to be the best indicator of recent and current exposure. Simultaneously the levels of cadmium and lead in the air and dust-fall were measured. The study included 431 urban children aged about 12, living in two quarters of Cracow: the old central part of the city with high traffic density (Sródmieście) and the modern part close to the steel and iron plant (Nowa Huta). The rural control group was composed of 152 individuals of the same age. The blood cadmium in children did not exceed the value of 1 microgram/dl, accepted as an upper limit for the general population. An average of 0.33 microgram Cd/dl in young residents of Nowa Huta quarter was found and it was significantly higher than that of the city center (Sródmieście)--0.29 microgram/dl. This was related to higher industrial cadmium pollution observed in Nowa Huta. Unexpectedly, the highest blood cadmium levels (0.39 microgram/dl) were found in the groups from the rural area. Although these results were lower than those derived from other regions of Poland, they were considerably higher than those reported from other countries. Children's exposure to lead was much more dangerous. About 70% of the results from the city center exceeded the controversial upper limit of 20 micrograms Pb/dl, reaching the mean value of 30.5 micrograms/dl. In the group from Nowa Huta blood lead concentrations were markedly lower (20.4 micrograms/dl), corresponding to the degree of environmental pollution. The rural control group also had elevated blood lead levels (22.5 micrograms/dl), probably caused by transboundary emissions. The results obtained point to high environmental lead exposure in Cracow, comparable with those recorded in heavily polluted industrial areas.
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Patients with chronic pain constitute a major problem for the surgeon as the cause of their pain is often difficult to diagnose and is only rarely a well circumscribed lesion which is amenable to surgical or other treatment. We report a case of chronic pain due to a vascular leiomyoma beneath the deep fascia of the leg. Angioleiomyomas are rare tumours that are usually found in the subcutaneous tissue.
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