Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Zander.
The case of a brain abscess caused by intracranial, transnasal penetration of a paint-brush is presented. The danger that such foreign bodies may remain unnoticed, especially in children, is stressed. Cure was achieved by total resection of the abscess capsule.
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Aneurysms of the cervical internal carotid artery are not rare lesions although they often remain symptomless. The authors describe the case of an eighteen-year-old boy presenting bilateral cervical internal carotid artery aneurysms of probable traumatic origin and treated conservatively. Etiology, pathogenesis, difficulties in diagnosis and choice of treatment are discussed.
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The authors report their experience with monolayer culture of 80 neuro-glial tumors. Of these 45 were glioblastomas and 17 astrocytomas. 7 glioblastomas gave long term lines, two of which have been transplanted into nude mice and studied by electron microscopy. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of neuro-glial tumors are discussed.
Anti-tumor antibodies have been searched for with an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay in the sera of patients with glioma. Sera from 60 patients and from 25 normal individuals have been tested against cells from 8 human glioblastoma lines. 10 patients (17%) and 5 controls (20%) were found to have antibodies against one or more tumor lines. There were extensive cross-reaction between the positive sera against the different glioma cells, but the reactivity of each serum was different. The specificity of the antibodies thus detected has been investigated. The positive patients' sera were found to have a similar cytotoxic activity against unrelated tumor and normal cells. Moreover, their activity was absorbed by cells from unrelated tumors and normal platelets. These results do not support the concept of a specific humoral response of glioma patients to a possible common tumor-associated antigen.
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The preliminary results of a combined chemotherapy trial with VM 26 and BCNU for recurrent malignant gliomas are presented. Four patients out of seven responded favourably to this treatment. Toxicity was mild and reversible.
Intracranial sarcoidosis is rare. Usually it involves the cranial nerves and presents with symptoms of meningeal irritation, convulsive seizures, hydrocephalus, hemiparesis, mental changes and hypothalamic dysfunction. A case in which the condition simulated a subdural hematoma is reported.
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After a detailed description of the technique the authors report the clinical results obtained in a series of 16 patients upon whom the new detector has been implanted and comparative measurements of the intracranial pressure by lumbar puncture were effected. The length of implantation of the detector which was of the order of several months in a majority of cases permitted to verify the stability and tolerance of the device as well as its long-term reliability since the length of functionning was of more than 6 months in half of the patients. Quantitatively, the instantaneous value of the intracranial pressure could be evaluated with the standard deviation of 17 mm of water in comparison to the values obtained by lumbar puncture. While being acceptable in clinical practice, this margin of error can be reduced in the future. The authors intend to utilize this detector at first for the monitoring of intracranial pressure before advocating its use in prolonged surveillance of intracranial pressure.
A series of twentyseven ependymomas, four of which made subarachnoid implantation, is reported. Two of these were malignant, having their origin in the posterior fossa and two benign, having their origin in the spinal cord. The cytology in the cerebrospinal fluid of these cases is described.
The authors present six cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to rupture of an aneurysm of the pericallosal artery. Four of these were of the berry type and were located at the genu of the corpus callosum; in two instances the aneurysm was found at the bifurcation of an azygous or a bihemispheric pericallosal artery respectively. A fifth lesion was of the fusiform type and the sixth one represented most probably a false aneurysm. All patients have been operated upon, but in three only clipping of the neck was feasable. In the remainder one pericallosal or the azygos artery was occluded intentionally. Postoperatively, severe mental perturbation, incontinence and seizures were encountered, but all symptoms cleared during the follow-up period, and subarachnoid hemorrhage never recurred.
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In the light of 6 examples the authors emphasize the value and reliability of radionuclide angiography in determining the absence of cerebral perfusion, i.e., brain death.
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