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Biomedical subjects

E Yano

Publications and source records attributed to E Yano.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Acute accidental overdosage of haloperidol in children.

We report the details of an accidental overdosage of haloperidol in 24 children in one hospital in Kyushu, Japan. Evidence of acute toxicity included disturbances in consciousness (24/24), tremors in the extremities (16/24), an oculogyric or similar crisis (14/24), dysarthria (9/17), drooling (8/24), akathisia (6/20), hyperreflexia (6/24) and opisthotonos (3/24). Laboratory examinations revealed late-onset transient thrombocytosis (5/24), elevated AST and GPT (1/24) and abnormal ECG with prolonged QT interval in 2 of 8 children. We detected haloperidol in 11 of 18 children whose blood was specifically examined within four days after the final haloperidol administration. The maximum serum haloperidol level was 28.9 ng/ml. The mean half-life of haloperidol in the serum of five children (age range 2-10 years) was 18.6 +/- 12.2 h (mean +/- SD) (range 9.1-39.4 h).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Effect of smoking on pleural thickening in asbestos workers.

It is well known that an interaction exists between smoking and exposure to asbestos in the occurrence of lung cancer, whereas occurrence of malignant mesothelioma has not been related to smoking. In the case of pleural thickening related to asbestos, there is a disagreement in previous studies as to the effect of smoking. This could be because the diagnosis of pleural changes has a subjective element. Taking this into account, in the present work the maximum width of the pleura was used as an index of pleural changes. Study subjects were 134 asbestos workers of a brake manufacturing company who had received medical checks in 1978 and in 1990. The maximum width of the pleura on the chest x ray films of the workers was measured by two examiners who did not know the year of examination or smoking state of the worker. A general linear model was applied to analyse the effects of smoking, the year of examination, age, and duration of exposure to asbestos. The difference between maximum widths measured in 1978 and 1990 suggested chronological progression. The increase in width during the 12 years, however, did not differ significantly between smokers and nonsmokers. This suggests that smoking does not significantly increase pleural thickening in asbestos workers.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Oxidative damage in Alzheimer's dementia, and the potential etiopathogenic role of aluminosilicates, microglia and micronutrient interactions.

While evidence implicating free radical oxidative processes in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's dementia is accumulating, the specific cellular and biochemical mechanisms involved remain to be identified. The potential pathogenic role of microglial cells in neurodegenerative processes is indicated by the finding that purified murine microglial cells exposed in vitro to various model aluminosilicate particles stimulate the generation of tissue-injurious free radical reactive oxygen metabolites. Analogous inorganic aluminosilicate deposits have been reported to occur in the core of the characteristic senile plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer disease subjects. The possible modulation of free radical oxidative activity by antioxidant micronutrients and pharmacological agents, provides a rational basis for further preventative and therapeutic clinical investigations.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1992

Comparing postgraduate medical education at university and non-university hospitals in Japan.

In 1988 the authors surveyed all the teaching hospitals in Japan to evaluate the present status of postgraduate medical education (PGME); they received responses from 67 (84%) of the university and 172 (89%) of the non-university teaching hospitals. It was found that a large proportion of residents had spent two years in a residency without having had a single experience of some of the basic clinical skills. Consequently the residents' confidence in their abilities to perform these skills was low. The residents at the university hospitals, in particular, had had fewer experiences and were less confident about their clinical skills than were the residents at the non-university hospitals. The lack of standard and minimum requirements for PGME in Japan may be the cause of the poor level of acquisition of clinical skills of residents during PGME. Other possible causes are the tendency in Japanese medical society to attach greater importance to academic attainment than to clinical competence and the excessive gravitation of residents toward university hospitals. The authors suggest their results show the necessity to improve the training in basic clinical skills in PGME in Japan, especially in university hospitals.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1992

[A case of rheumatoid arthritis associated with progressive systemic sclerosis and primary biliary cirrhosis in the presence of various autoantibodies].

The patient (a 49 year-old, female) had been diagnosed in Apr. 1987 as having rheumatoid arthritis (RA) following the history as chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis for 4 years. Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) were also defined on 1989 in the same patient mainly due to proximal scleroderma and histological findings of liver biopsy. On the other hand, the coexistence of rheumatoid factor, anti-Scl-70 antibody, anti-mitochondrial antibody (anti-MC, anti-MD and an unidentified fraction) and anti-centromere antibody have been observed with marked polyclonal hypergammopathy in her sera since July 1990. Her disease activity has been controlled well with the administration of D-penicillamine and ursodeoxycholic acid during recent clinical course. Few cases of RA associated with PSS and PBC, showing various autoantibodies as a disease marker in sera, have been reported. In order to evaluate the mechanisms of autoimmune disease especially chain reaction of autoimmunity, it should be important to accumulate the reports concerning such cases.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1991

Structure, process, effectiveness and efficiency of the check and review system in Japan's health insurance.

Keeping medical costs at an adequate and affordable level cannot be realized by the efforts of medical facilities alone, nor by the revision of fee schedules and price schedules of drugs in Japan's health insurance systems. Rationalization and improvement in the efficiency of all of the systems, including the various insurance organizations and the organizations for review and payment, are imperative. This paper first examines the system of review and payment for insurance claims under Japan's health insurance systems with emphasis on three main points, namely (1) qualification checks, (2) check and review of insurance claims and (3) computerization of the screening process. Relevant issues facing the check and review system are then discussed.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1991

Cephaloconiosis: a free radical perspective on the proposed particulate-induced etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's dementia and related disorders.

By analogy to the etiology of the pneumoconioses, exogenous dust-induced diseases of the lung, and endogenous crystal-induced arthropathies such as gout, it is proposed that Alzheimer's dementia and allied disorders are causally related to the accumulation of fibriform inorganic deposits within the brain. Hence the neonosological term 'Cephaloconiosis'. It is proposed that: 1) either by the extrinsic migration or intrinsic formation and deposition of insoluble and persistent inorganic reactive nidi, the particle-induced generation of tissue-damaging free-radical oxygen metabolites by stimulated brain glial macrophage-type and allied phagocytic cells, provides a rationale for the etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative processes; 2) the modulation of the injurious oxidative metabolic reaction by micronutrient and pharmacological antioxidant agents is a rational and potentially feasible strategy for future therapeutic clinical investigations.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1991

Reactive oxygen metabolites produced by the carcinogenic fibrous mineral erionite.

Erionite, a fibrous mineral and the causative agent of the endemic outbreak of mesothelioma in Turkey, has been shown to generate reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). In order to investigate the mechanism of the production of ROM by erionite from PMN, a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) method was utilized. Human peripheral blood PMN were incubated with 50-800 micrograms/ml of erionite. PMN CL was produced immediately after the addition of erionite; the maximal CL production was reached within 2 to 6 min and the CL response increased with the dose of erionite. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and dimethyl sulfoxide were utilized as scavengers of O2-, H2O2, and OH., respectively. These scavengers inhibited the production of erionite-stimulated PMN CL dose dependently, thus indicating the production of O2-, H2O2, and OH. by erionite-stimulated PMN. The less phagocytically active cells, namely, mononuclear cells and erythrocytes, produced CL immediately after the addition of erionite or phorbol myristate acetate and displayed a significant delay period after the addition of zymosan. Therefore, the direct interaction between the cell surface membrane and erionite would appear to be more important than phagocytosis, per se, for the production of ROM by erionite.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1989

Environmental cancer, phagocytic oxidant stress and nutritional interactions.

Environmental exposure to inhaled mineral dusts is associated with a variety of inflammatory, fibrotic and carcinogenic pulmonary diseases, generally characterized by the infiltration into the lung of phagocytic cells, namely macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN). The ability of pathogenic mineral, fibrous and metalliferous dusts to stimulate PMN to produce potentially injurious free radical oxidants, has been studied using an in vitro chemiluminescent technique. The cellular mechanisms and nutritional agents involved in providing the pulmonary antioxidant biochemical defence systems are reviewed, and the prospects of dietary modification of environmentally induced lung cancers and related pneumoconiotic diseases discussed.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1989

[A study on the goals and achievements of postgraduate medical education].

In order to evaluate postgraduate medical education (PGME) in Japan, residents and supervisors of all the postgraduate teaching hospitals (128 university hospitals and 216 non-university hospitals designated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare) were surveyed. The purposes of this study were, 1) to compare the goals of PGME set by residents and the achievements of PGME by residents in university hospitals and non-university hospitals, 2) to compare the goals of PGME between residents and supervisors, 3) to identify how clinical skills and knowledge related to the behavioral sciences and social medicine are stressed on PGME. Residents and supervisors received a newly developed questionnaire consisting of 41 items concerning clinical skills and knowledge. The items were divided into four categories: 17 basic areas, 9 allied areas, 12 areas related to the behavioral sciences and social medicine, and 3 areas related to clinical research. The response rate was 52.3% for university hospitals and 75.5% for non-university hospitals. The results are 1) residents in non-university hospitals scored at higher levels than residents in university hospitals for 14 items concerning goals and 11 items of achievements, mainly basic clinical skills and knowledge, 2) there was an incongruence between residents and supervisors for 23 items concerning goals, 3) clinical skills and knowledge related to the behavioral sciences and social medicine were not as highly stressed as other areas of clinical skills and knowledge. This study suggests that more effort is needed to create or improve the system of PGME, especially in university hospitals.

Achievement↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of bioelectrical impedance method for fat measurement in corporate fitness program].

Control of body weight has been one of the major issues in corporate fitness programs in Japan. In scale of overweight and obesity, several measures have been used. In the present study, the recently developed bioelectrical impedance method (BIP) was evaluated to assess percent body fat in a corporate fitness program. Reliability of BIP was assessed in a male worker group repeatedly in a day and with a 3 month interval. In a larger population, BIP and two conventional measures of subcutaneous fat (SCF) and body mass index (BMI) were examined for their relationship and evaluated as predictor for the level of hypertension. According to the results, BIP showed a satisfactorily high reliability and the correlation coefficients of BIP to SCF and BMI were 0.501 and 0.455, respectively. Among the three measures for fat and overweight, only BIP and BMI were related to the level of hypertension, and BIP is a better predictor for the level of hypertension compared to BMI. These results validate the usefulness of BIP and further application of this method for corporate fitness program is suggested.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

Alzheimer's disease: a pathogenic role for aluminosilicate-induced phagocytic free radicals.

The occurrence of aluminosilicate deposits within the cerebral plaques in Alzheimer's senile dementia sufferers has prompted further consideration of the possible role of such materials in the aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease. We have monitored the ability of various natural and synthetic model aluminosilicate particulates of differing morphological and chemical composition to stimulate the generation of phagocyte-derived free radical reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) using an in vitro chemiluminescent technique on purified human blood-derived polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The results indicate that an enhanced chemiluminescent response is produced by calcium-bearing fibriform particulates. It is proposed that an analogous in vivo particle-induced and phagocyte-mediated oxidative stress could provide a potential pathogenic mechanism in the development of Alzheimer's disease.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1988

Mineral fiber-induced malondialdehyde formation and effects of oxidant scavengers in phagocytic cells.

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a product of free-radical reaction with lipids and has been implicated in a variety of pathological processes including inflammation and carcinogenesis. In order to document the toxic reactions related to the pathogenic mechanisms of mineral fibers, asbestos and other mineral dusts were examined for their potency to produce lipid peroxidation using the thiobarbital method for MDA measurement. Human peripheral blood-derived neutrophils (PMN), guinea pig peritoneal macrophages, and guinea pig alveolar lavage cells produced MDA when treated with crocidolite asbestos. Of the various mineral dusts tested, only crocidolite showed a significant increase of MDA production. The amount of MDA produced by PMN treated with crocidolite increased with milling the fiber and with the incubation time. Both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were examined for their ability to inhibit MDA formation. At concentrations of up to 50 micrograms/10(6) cells, SOD did not inhibit the MDA formation in macrophages. However, catalase at the same concentration inhibited MDA formation in macrophages completely. A possible mechanism of MDA formation and its relationship with superoxide production are discussed.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1987

Mutagenicity of instant coffee and its interaction with dimethylnitrosamine in the micronucleus test.

The mutagenicity of instant coffee and its interaction with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) were examined in mice using the micronucleus test. Although neither a single nor multiple administration of instant coffee by gavage induced a significant rise in micronucleated cells over the dose range tested (100-2500 mg/kg), there was a tendency for the number of micronucleated cells to increase in a dose-related fashion. When coffee was administered with DMN, the difference in the frequency of micronucleated cells was small in comparison to a single treatment with DMN alone, thus indicating a lack of synergism between coffee and DMN.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Increased activity of monoamine oxidase by epoxy resin hardeners.

In order to investigate the potency of amines to cause metabolic changes which are related to scleroderma, serum monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity to workers in an epoxy resin handling process was measured. Mean serum MAO activity of 15 workers exposed to amine was 33.5 +/- 6.4 units, whilst that of control workers was 28.9 +/- 7.8 (P less than 0.05). The finding was confirmed in an in vitro experiment. After 24 h treatment with amine, the MAO activity of cultured skin fibroblasts was elevated in a dose-response manner. These results suggested the potency of amine to produce an increase in MAO activity, and this phenomenon seems to be related to the cases of occupational scleroderma-like disorder which were observed in an epoxy resin polymerizing process.

Amines↗