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Biomedical subjects

E Y Oppenheimer

Publications and source records attributed to E Y Oppenheimer.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

The late appearance of hypopigmented maculae in tuberous sclerosis.

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a dominantly inherited disorder characterized by seizures, developmental delay, and specific skin lesions. Hypopigmented maculae that occur in 80% of patients with TS have become important for the clinical diagnosis of TS in young children. These lesions are claimed to be present from birth, in contrast with other dermatologic manifestations of TS that usually appear much later. We studied seven children in whom hypopigmented maculae appeared months to years after repeated negative skin examinations. Our findings emphasized that the absence of hypopigmented maculae in young children does not preclude their later appearance nor rule out the diagnosis of TS. The need for repeated skin examinations in infants and children with suspected TS or with seizures and/or mental retardation of unknown cause is apparent.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Long-term behavioral effects of phenobarbital in suckling rats.

Long-term effects of phenobarbital on behavior and learning, persisting after drug withdrawal, have not been defined. To look for such effects on the developing nervous system, we treated albino rat pups with phenobarbital for 30 days and then tested them at intervals starting 10 days after the cessation of drug therapy. Beginning at age 6 days, 12 pups were given Ph subcutaneously, gradually increasing the dose to 30 mg/kg/dose b.i.d. by 11 days and continued until 36 days. Twelve control pups were injected with saline. Serum phenobarbital concentrations at 16 days were 54 to 32 micrograms/ml and at 31 days 36 to 4 micrograms/ml. From 46 to 55 days, all animals were tested in a water T maze. The experimental animals completed the four daily runs faster than controls (P = 0.003), made fewer errors (P = 0.003), and spent less time on error-free runs (P = 0.04). When the same animals were retested in the maze at 129 to 136 days, the trend toward faster times was not significant. There were no differences in brain weights of experimental and control rats at 157 days. Twelve pups treated similarly with phenobarbital at 20 mg/kg/dose b.i.d. spent less time on error-free runs than 12 controls when tested at 48 to 57 days of age (P = 0.05) but no differences were found when 12 similarly treated pups were tested at 79 to 85 days. There were no differences in brain weights of the treated and control rats at 78 days of age. Thus it was shown that phenobarbital administration in suckling rats had an effect on behavior that was present 10 to 20 days after the drug was cleared from their serum.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1983

Seizures and seizure-like states in the child: an approach to emergency management.

A practical approach to the emergency management of seizures and seizure-like nonepileptic states in childhood has been presented. The management of tonic-clonic, absence, partial complex, and focal status epilepticus was discussed. Management of the child who has had a recent episode but does not present with a seizure was outlined, with particular attention to relevant history taking, general and neurologic examinations, laboratory tests, and treatment options. Finally, seizure-like nonepileptic disorders were reviewed and differential diagnostic points highlighted.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1983

Emergency management of pediatric head injuries.

About a quarter of a million children are hospitalized each year in the United States because of head injuries, with many more than that treated outside the hospital. Although the majority of children with head trauma appear to recover fully, with or without treatment, a significant minority suffer neurologic residua and several thousand such children die annually. Thus, especially in more seriously injured children, the emergency treatment of the child may be crucial to the eventual outcome. In this review, an approach to the emergency management of pediatric head injuries is presented. The full assessment of the child--by means of a thorough history, physical and neurologic examinations, and appropriate diagnostic tests--is reviewed. The need to treat the whole child, searching for associated injuries of the spine, chest, abdomen, and limbs accompanying those to the head, is stressed. General supportive care of the child, including management of respiratory and circulatory systems, as well as specific treatment of raised intracranial pressure and post-traumatic seizures, is described. The clinical presentations of scalp injuries, skull fractures, cerebral concussion, cerebral contusion and laceration, and acute epidural and subdural hematomas are outlined and their treatments discussed.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1981

Complex partial status epilepticus in young children.

Complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE) has rarely been described in children. We have recently studied four girls, aged 1 to 4 years, who presented with CPSE. Their seizures were characterized by decreased level of consciousness, lack of response to familiar persons, diminished response to pain, starting, slow visual tracking, eye deviation, picking at nearby objects, and lip smacking. Three patients developed focal clonic activity during their seizures and one progressed to a generalized motor seizure after 4 hours of CPSE. Two patients had ictal electroencephalograms demonstrating temporooccipital polyspikes and slow waves.

Child, Preschool↗