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Biomedical subjects

E Wong

Publications and source records attributed to E Wong.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Erythropoietin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: experience with subcutaneous administration.

Experience in the use of subcutaneous erythropoietin (EPO) in 32 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients is presented. All patients were treated with oral iron supplements. The total and mean +/- SD durations of EPO treatment were 466 weeks and 14.6 +/- 10.1 weeks respectively. Twenty-two patients started treatment with normal or elevated iron stores; 10 had an initial iron saturation less than 20%. The initial hematocrit was 23.8 +/- 3.7%. Thirteen patients reached a steady-state hematocrit by the end of the study period, when the mean +/- SD hematocrit for all 32 patients was 34.1 +/- 3.6%. All patients responded to EPO. The initial dose of EPO was 147.1 +/- 53.8 U/kg/week. Maintenance dose was 72 +/- 36 U/kg/week.

Anemia↗
PubMed1991

PRAD1, a candidate BCL1 oncogene: mapping and expression in centrocytic lymphoma.

Rearrangement of the BCL1 (B-cell lymphoma 1) region on chromosome 11q13 appears to be highly characteristic of centrocytic lymphoma and also is found infrequently in other B-cell neoplasms. Rearrangement is thought to deregulate a nearby protooncogene, but transcribed sequences in the immediate vicinity of BCL1 breakpoints had not been identified. PRAD1, previously designated D11S287E, was identified on 11q13 as a chromosomal breakpoint region rearranged with the parathyroid hormone gene in a subset of parathyroid adenomas; this highly conserved putative oncogene, which encodes a novel cyclin, has been linked to BCL1 and implicated also in subsets of breast and squamous cell neoplasms with 11q13 amplification. We report pulsed-field gel electrophoresis data showing BCL1 and PRAD1 to be no more than 130 kilobases apart. PRAD1 mRNA is abundantly expressed in seven of seven centrocytic lymphomas (Kiel classification), in contrast to 13 closely related but noncentrocytic lymphomas. Three of the seven centrocytic lymphomas had detectable BCL1 DNA rearrangement. Also, two unusual cases of CLL with BCL1 rearrangement overexpressed PRAD1, in contrast to five CLL controls. Thus, PRAD1 is an excellent candidate "BCL1 oncogene." Its overexpression may be a key consequence of rearrangement of the BCL1 vicinity in B-cell neoplasms and a unifying pathogenetic feature in centrocytic lymphoma.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11↗
PubMed1991

HuD, a paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis antigen, contains RNA-binding domains and is homologous to Elav and Sex-lethal.

A neuronal antigen (HuD) recognized by the sera of patients with antibody-associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis has been isolated by screening a lambda cerebellar expression library. The recombinant antigen provides an unambiguous assay for this rare condition associated with small cell lung cancer. The recombinant antigen has been used to identify specific infiltrating lymphocytes in tumors and affected brain tissues of patients with antibody-associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis and sensory neuronopathy. HuD mRNA is uniquely expressed in brain tissue. The HuD protein shows a remarkable homology to the Drosophila proteins Elav and Sex-lethal and is likely to play a role in neuron-specific RNA processing.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Cloning of a leucine-zipper protein recognized by the sera of patients with antibody-associated paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration.

Antibody-associated paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (the Yo syndrome) is an uncommon disorder in which an immune response is specifically directed against tumor tissue and the cerebellum. Screening of a lambda expression library has resulted in the isolation of cDNA clones that encode the major antigen recognized by serum from these patients. The fusion protein produced by the cDNA clones provides the basis of a simple diagnostic assay for this neurological syndrome. The occurrence of leucine-zipper and zinc-finger motifs in the predicted open reading frame suggests that this protein plays a role in the regulation of gene expression.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Interleukin-6 does not support interleukin-2 induced generation of human lymphokine-activated killer cells.

The activity of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells is supported by various cytokines. The objective of this study was to see if recombinant interleukin-6 (IL-6) either alone or in combination with interleukin-2 (IL-2) has any effect on the generation of LAK cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors were cultured for 4 or 6 days with both cytokines either alone or in combination. LAK activity against K562 and natural killer-resistant Daudi cells was assessed by a 4-h and an 18-h 51Cr-release assay at various effector to target ratios. IL-6 alone in increasing concentrations did not induce LAK cell activity. Neither additive nor synergistic effects of IL-6 with IL-2 were observed. Immunofluorescence analysis with phycoerythrin-conjugated anti-CD56 antibody demonstrated that IL-6 could not maintain or increase the number of CD56-positive cells over a 6-day culture period. These results suggest that IL-6 does not support LAK cell generation by itself or increase LAK cell activity in combination with IL-2.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1991

Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of clindamycin and trospectomycin on the adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis in an in vitro model of vascular catheter colonization.

Septicemia, often due to Staphylococcus epidermidis, is a life-threatening complication associated with indwelling vascular catheters. An important factor in the development of such infections is glycocalix, or slime. An in vitro model that mimics intravenous delivery systems in humans was developed. It consisted of a modified Robbins device containing slices of silicone catheters in the removable ports, through which S. epidermidis diluted in 5% dextrose-normal saline with 10% heat-inactivated normal human serum was run, with and without clindamycin and trospectomycin. S. epidermidis was recovered from all catheters in the absence of antibiotics; no growth was detected with antibiotics. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated significant reduction in glycocalix and no visible organisms with all concentrations except 0.5 micrograms/ml trospectomycin and 1 microgram/ml clindamycin; for those, a moderate amount of glycocalix and a few bacteria were seen. Thus, subinhibitory levels of trospectomycin and clindamycin may have a role in the prevention of microbial adherence to vascular catheters.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Phenobarbital monitoring in whole blood with a quantitative noninstrumented test.

The AccuLevel phenobarbital test is based on enzyme channeling and immunochromatography. AccuLevel is a noninstrumented test for the quantitative determination of phenobarbital concentration in whole blood. Within-run precision data, with 20 replicates at each of five concentrations, has coefficients of variation (CVs) of 4.7-9.2%. Between-run precision (n = 40) results in a CV of 5.9%. The AccuLevel phenobarbital test is very specific and is unaffected by endogenous substances and blood collection tube anticoagulants. Compared to the Emit method, this test has excellent linear correlation for the quantitation of 104 phenobarbital positive patient samples. Reagents stored at 4-8 degrees C are stable for 15 months with no effect on the assay quantitation. This accurate, precise, and specific test is easily performed in 20 min.

Drug Monitoring↗
PubMed1991

Electrical stimulation of bone repair.

Interest in methods of accelerating bone healing persists. Electrical stimulation has demonstrated consistently high success rates in recalcitrant, complicated nonunions. The promise of successful noninvasive alternatives for treating nonunions continues to be realized. Given the rapidity of advances in this field, it appears likely that acceleration of fracture repair by electrical stimulation will become more widespread in the future.

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗
PubMed1990

Serum alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor with abnormal properties in ovarian cancer.

It was previously reported that sera from ovarian cancer patients contained abnormal forms of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (API) that predicted unresponsiveness to chemotherapy. These molecules were detected by extracting the sera with the fucose-specific lectin, lotus tetragonolobus, and analysing the extracts by electrophoresis. In a new study of ovarian cancer, we report that API cannot be extracted by lotus from fresh sera, unless the specimens are subjected to repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. Furthermore, increases in lotus-extractable API in the pretreated sera are also associated with a poor response to chemotherapy. This would suggest that lotus is extracting the same molecules in both studies. It seems likely that the discrepancy between the two studies is due to the length of time the specimens were stored prior to analysis. We present evidence suggesting that the API extracted by lotus is present in serum as soluble complexes, the detailed composition of which is unclear. The change in the properties of API in cancer may be very important with respect to tumour spread.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1990

Selective expression of Purkinje-cell antigens in tumor tissue from patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration.

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is a rare syndrome that occurs in patients with gynecologic cancer and is characterized by widespread loss of Purkinje cells. To determine whether Purkinje-cell antigens are selectively expressed in the tumors of patients with the syndrome, we examined tumor tissue from 10 patients whose serum contained anti-Purkinje-cell (anti-Yo) antibodies. The origins of the cancers were the breast (five patients), ovary (three), endometrium (one), and fallopian tube (one). We used as controls tumor tissue from 11 patients with ovarian cancer and 10 patients with breast cancer who were neurologically normal. Using immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis, we found that Purkinje-cell antigens were expressed in all the tumors from the 10 patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration but in none of the tumors from the 21 neurologically normal patients. When IgG from patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration was affinity-purified to cerebellar Purkinje-cell antigen, immunohistochemical analysis showed that it reacted specifically with the tumor tissue from those patients. We conclude that in patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, the anti-Yo antibody results from an immune response to neural antigens expressed by the gynecologic tumors in the patients.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1990

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of controlled release (CR/ZOK) metoprolol in healthy Oriental subjects: a comparison with conventional formulations of metoprolol and atenolol.

The steady state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metoprolol controlled release tablets 100 mg CR/ZOK, was compared with those of metoprolol conventional tablets 100 mg (CT) and atenolol 50 mg (ATL) in ten healthy Oriental men. The study was of double-blind, cross-over placebo controlled design. The three study drugs and placebo were given in a random order once daily for 4 consecutive days with 1-week wash-out between each period. Treadmill exercise tests were performed and blood samples were obtained at fixed intervals after the fourth dose of each treatment. There was less fluctuation in the plasma level-time profile after CR/ZOK than CT and ATL. Plasma concentrations were significantly higher on CR/ZOK than CT at 24 hours after dosing. The relative bioavailability of CR/ZOK to CT was 69.0%. CR/ZOK achieved relatively more uniform beta-blocking effect over the dose interval. Compared to CT and ATL, the peak effect after CR/ZOK was less pronounced and the beta-blockade after 24 hours more effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The presence of autoantibody to recombinant lipocortin-I in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Corticosteroids may mediate some of their anti-inflammatory effects via induction of a specific 38 kDa protein, lipocortin-I. Anti-lipocortin-I antibodies (ALA) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 23 patients with plaque-type psoriasis alone (NAP), in 21 patients with psoriasis and arthritis (PA), and in 67 healthy controls. Only two of 23 NAP patients had elevated ALA, whereas six of 21 PA patients had raised levels of ALA (P = 0.2). Sero-negative polyarthritis was the most common pattern of joint disease in those PA patients with elevated ALA (4/6). ALA levels did not correlate with the extent or severity of cutaneous involvement, and are unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous psoriasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Diseases that mimic meningitis. Analysis of 650 lumbar punctures.

A retrospective review of charts for 650 children who had lumbar puncture for suspected meningitis was undertaken to determine the characteristics of patients with and without meningitis, identify other conditions suggesting meningitis, and evaluate the predictive value of signs and symptoms of meningitis. The incidence of positive lumbar punctures increased with patient age. Younger infants did not present with classical features of meningitis. Bulging fontanel, lethargy, and irritability were nonspecific symptoms. Vomiting and headache, although not specific, proved to be more sensitive indicators of meningeal infection. Most patients with meningitis (75%) had at least one sign of meningeal irritation, but so did 25% of patients without meningitis. Brudzinski's sign was not specific. In contrast, nuchal rigidity and Kernig's sign had high predictive value. Up to age five, the diseases most often suggesting meningitis were right-sided pneumonia, gastroenteritis, otitis, tonsillitis, exanthema subitum, and urinary tract infections. Of 171 patients with febrile convulsion, one (0.5%) had bacterial meningitis and four had aseptic meningitis.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1990

Creatine kinase: race-gender differences in patients hospitalized for suspected myocardial infarction.

Race-gender differences in creatine kinase values were studied in 647 consecutive patients admitted for suspected myocardial infarction. The lowest value in a serial set for each patient was used for group comparisons. Significant differences were found between Hispanic females and black males, using standard values. Using log creatine kinase values, significant differences were found among blacks, Caucasians, and Hispanics. Males had higher log creatine kinase values than females, but no differences were found between sexes within racial groups. Body surface area differences (significant between males and females) did not explain all of the racial-gender differences found. Reexamination of ranges of normality, taking into account race-gender differences, is strongly supported by these data.

Asian People↗
PubMed1989

Effect of dithranol treatment on arachidonic acid and its lipoxygenase products in psoriasis.

The concentrations of arachidonic acid and its lipoxygenase metabolites were measured in exudates from lesional psoriatic skin during treatment with 0.25% dithranol (anthralin) applied topically for 10 days. Dithranol caused a reduction in the concentration of arachidonic acid at 10 days (167 +/- 42 and 358 +/- 55 ng ml-1 treated and control sites respectively, p less than 0.05) concurrent with clinical improvement of the lesions. Neither 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid nor leukotriene B4 concentrations were significantly affected. These results do not support the view that lipoxygenase products are of major importance in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid↗