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Biomedical subjects

E W Williams

Publications and source records attributed to E W Williams.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Intestinal uptake and transport of proteins in the adult rat.

The transport of immunoglobulin and ferritin across the intestinal mucosa of adult rats provides an excellent model for transcellular protein transport study. Intestinal uptake and transcellular transport have been extensively studied in the neonatal rat, but not to such an extent in the adult rat. The transport of 125I labelled bovine immunoglobulin G and ferritin was studied in 100 days old rats using intestinally administered proteins. Antigen was estimated in the tissues by reacting extracts against specific immune antiserum prepared in rats, and visualization studies were carried out by fluorescence microscopy and direct deposition autoradiography at electron microscopic level. From these studies, it can be seen that these proteins are taken up by the intestinal cells and transported, antigenically intact, across the barriers to the body organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Localization of protein in the rabbit yolk sac splanchnopleur by two methods of autoradiography.

The distribution of protein labelled with radioactive iodine or tritium within cells of the yolk sac, after it was injected into the uterine lumen of pregnant rabbits, was studied by means of two autoradiographic techniques, one using the classical loop method of Caro & vanTubergen (1962), and the other using Normandin's direct deposition method (Normandin, 1973). The resolution of the latter method was found to be approximately 10 times more sensitive than that of the former (Hemmings & Williams, 1976); thus rendering the site of labelled protein easier to locate. Both techniques are reproducible, but the direct deposition method is easier to handle. Location of protein was detected within vacuoles, and sometimes free in the cytoplasm.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Transport of large breakdown products of dietary protein through the gut wall.

Ferritin or tritium labelled immunoglobulin G may, by electron microscopy, be demonstrated entering, within, and leaving the epithelial cells. Quantitative studies using various proteins labelled with radioiodine show that large amounts of protein bound radioactivity may be demonstrated in the tissues after feeding the labelled protein to adult rats by stomach tube. The molecular size of this material as determined by sugar gradient ultracentrifugation of tissue extracts ranges when IgG is fed from 50,000-20,000 Daltons. The material retains its ability to react as antigen with antisera specific to the original molecule: precipitation reactions may be obtained in gels and quantitative studies show that cnosiderable amounts of the protein-bound radioactivity are still specifically precipitable. Such studies have been carried out with alpha-gliadin as well as bovine IgG. At 100 days old rats may absorb as much as 40% of a dose of bovine IgG in the form of these large molecular breakdown products.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Controlled trial of the sequential use of streptokinase and ancrod in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis of lower limb.

Treatment with streptokinase ('Kabikinase') was given to 26 patients with venographically confirmed deep vein thrombosis extending into the popliteal vein or above. Treatment was continued for 4 days and the patients were allocated randomly to oral anticoagulant therapy or a course of treatment with ancrod ('Arvin') for 6 days followed by oral anticoagulant therapy. The degree of thrombolysis as judged by further venographic examination at 10 days was not significantly different between the 2 groups. The majority of patients showed clinical improvement but there was no appreciable difference between the groups at 3 and 6 months. Haemorrhagic complications were a more serious problem during the period of treatment with ancrod than during the equivalent period in the control group.

Ancrod↗
PubMed1976

The use of direct deposition electron microscope autoradiography in studies of protein transport.

The use of direct deposition autoradiography in studies of the localization of proteins labelled with radio-iodine or tritium in the epithelia of fetal, suckling, and adult animals is described. Using a single marker in the first place, rabbit IgG and bovine IgG have been seen both in the vacuolar apparatus and also free in the cytoplasm of endodermal cells of the rabbit yolk-sac splanchnopleur. This has been confirmed in those cells using a combination of bovine IgG marked with tritium and rabbit IgG marked with 125I, presented simultaneously to the cells. Both proteins are present, apparently equally, attached to the brush border and distributed through the cytoplasm, as well as within vacuoles. Selection does not take place before or during entry to the cell, as has been suggested by quantitative results which have been reported elsewhere. It is hoped that the use of two markers together will permit localization of the selective process. In the adult rat gut, both isotopes have been demonstrated entering and within and leaving the ileal cell, confirming quantitative results reported elsewhere.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Measurement of fibrinogen-fibrin-related antigen in serum as aid to diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis in outpatients.

A study of serum levels of fibrinogen-fibrin-related antigen (F.R.-antigen) in outpatients presenting with clinical features suggesting deep vein thrombosis was undertaken. A raised serum level of this antigen (greater than 12 mg/1) is strong evidence in favour of the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. It is virtually conclusive evidence if other known causes of a raised level of the antigen are absent. On the other hand, a normal serum level of F.R.-antigen does not exclude even extensive thrombosis, and other objective techniques are required to substantiate the diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Climatologic aspects of obesity and therapeutic semistarvation.

Multifactor stress was studied, using obese men subjected to long-term (49 d) semistarvation in either a temperate or a not climate. The study was wide in scope, fiving information on endocrine-metabolic effects of a) uncomplicated obesity, b) ovesity in combination with climatic heat, c) obesity plus semistarvation, and d) ovesity combined with semistarvation plus climatic heat. The test subjects--groups of 12 to 13 obese men--remained on a diet which provided 335-400 kcal/d and contained at least 45 g protein, 14 g carbohydrate, and 11 g fat. Overnight urine specimens collected at 7-d intervals were analyzed for epinephrine, norepinephrine, 17-OHCS, ketones, urea, uric acid, creatinine, inorganic phosphate, sodium, and potassium. There was transitory hyperketonuria which related inversely to environmental thermal levels. Most of the physiologic response patterns in the triple-stressor circumstance (obesity plus climatic heat plus semistarvation) were unlike those in the double-stressor situation (obesity plus semistarvation). Thus, there was evidence of compounding of stressor effects. Evidence of diminished sensitivity to heat appeared when obesity was lessened.

Body Composition↗