Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E W Pomare

Publications and source records attributed to E W Pomare.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The investigation of colorectal disorders.

The investigation of colorectal disorders follows from a thorough clinical examination, examination of stools, and proctosigmoidoscopy. In many patients, barium enema examination will also be required, and the value of good air contrast examinations is stressed. Colonoscopy has revolutionised the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities in colonic disease, but this examination is not readily available to all, its indications limited, and the risks and discomfort associated with it by no means small. In New Zealand, colorectal cancer is as common as anywhere else in the world, and the major hope of any improvement in this area is with preclinical diagnosis. This could be achieved by more widespread faecal occult blood testing especially in high risk groups (Table 2) and thorough investigation of those with positive results. Serological tests for colorectal cancer (carcino-embryonic antigen) have proved disappointing, and much less specific than originally hoped.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A simplified procedure for the analysis of cholesterol, phospholipids and bile salts in human bile.

Cholesterol, total bile salts and phospholipids have been measured on alcoholic extracts from human bile-rich duodenal contents. Folch extraction before phospholipid assay was found to be unnecessary and, unless fresh samples are used, it is liable to give misleadingly low values. Removal of bile pigment before measuring cholesterol was unnecessary because this estimation was done by gas-liquid chromatography. The methods described provide a simple, reproducible analysis of bile lipids.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1976

The effect of wheat bran upon bile salt metabolism and upon the lipid composition of bile in gallstone patients.

When raw wheat bran was added to the diet of six subjects for 4-6 weeks, chenodeoxycholate (CDC) synthesis increased from 0.46 +/- 0.12 to 0.57 +/- 0.17 mmol/day pool increased from 1.72 +/- 0.47 to 2.19 +/- 0.74 mmol (rho less than 0.05). Deoxycholate (DC) pool size diminished from 1.20 +/- 0.29 to 0.80 +/- 0.16 mmol, but cholate synthesis and pool size were unaffected. Overall, the size of the bile salt pool did not change. In spite of this, when 10 patients with probable cholesterol gallstones took bran supplements for 4-6 weeks, their gallbladder bile aspirated from the duodenum became less saturated with cholesterol. The molar percentage of cholesterol fell from 10.1 +/- 3.1% to 8.6 +/- 2.7% (rho less than 0.01), and the saturation index of bile fell from 1.49 +/- 0.40 to 1.29 +/- 0.38 (rho less than 0.005). Bran probably operates primarily on the colon, reducing the formation or absorption of the bacterial metabolite DC, a substance which impairs CDC synthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Can colonic bacterial metabolites predispose to cholesterol gall stones?

The cholesterol content of biliary lipids increased significantly when 16 healthy volunteers ingested deoxycholic acid (DC) for two weeks in a daily dose of 100-150 mg. Serum cholesterol also fell significantly to 88% of the baseline levels. Since DC is formed in the colon we suggest that populations in whom there is a high colonic absorption of bacterially metabolized cholate--that is, DC--have an increased predisposition to cholesterol gall stones.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The selective inhibition of chenodeoxycholate synthesis by cholate metabolites in man.

1. Seven normal volunteers took 0-28--0-42 mmol (100--150 mg) of deoxycholate by mouth. This resulted in a reduced proportion of chenodeoxycholate in bile and an increased proportion of deoxycholate. Cholate was unchanged. 2. Cholate and chenodeoxycholate pools and rats of synthesis were determined in four of the subjects by simultaneously labelling each pool with 14C-labelled bile acids. The chenodeoxycholate pool and rate of synthesis decreased after deoxycholate administration. Cholate synthesis and pool size did not change appreciably. 3. The proportion of deoxycholate in bile samples of sixty-two subjects with intact enterohepatic circulation was found to be inversely related to the proportion of chenodeoxycholate in bile, but not to the cholate. 4. It is suggested that inhibition of chenodeoxycholate synthesis by deoxycholate, the principal bacterial product of cholate, regulates the size of the chenodeoxycholate pool independently of the total amount of bile salt.

Bile↗
PubMed1975

The effect of wheat bran on intestinal transit.

In 18 students and two members of staff at a boys' boarding school, the time taken to pass 20 out of 25 radiopaque pellets varied from one to seven days while the subjects were eating a normal English diet. After the additon of bran, about 20 g daily, to this diet transit time fell from 2-75 plus or minus 1-6 to 2-0 plus or minus 0-9 days (P smaller than 0-025). Transit became faster in all nine subjects who had an initial time of three days or more, and in three of seven with an initial time of two days, but became slower in all four boys with an initial one-day transit. Frequency of defaecation correlated poorly with transit time (a once daily bowel action being found with transit times ranging from one to four days), and did not increase significantly with bran. In 10 additional adults with slow initial transit (three or four days) the effect of bran was compared with that of an equal volume of ground oatflakes in a double-blind crossover trial. Bran caused a significant acceleration of transit, wherease oatmeal had no effect. These studies confirm that bran accelerates slow intestinal transit and show that this is not simply a psychological effect. Bran may also slow down fast transit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Metabolism of deoxycholic acid in man.

The metabolism of [24-14C] deoxycholic acid was studied in humans with an intact enterohepatic circulation. Two metabolites were identified in hydrolysed duodenal bile: 3alpha-hydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanoic and 3beta,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanoic acids. Quantitative analysis of one sample showed the amounts of these compounds to be about 2 and 0.5%, respectively, of the amount of deoxycholic acid. A small percentage of deoxycholic acid, less than 3%, was found in a fraction having the chromatographic property of conjugated bile acid sulphates. About 15% of the identified metabolites were found in this fraction, which also contained more than 50% of the biliary lithocholate and 90% of the biliary 3beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoate.

Bile↗
PubMed1973

Alteration of bile salt metabolism by dietary fibre (bran).

Feeding dietary fibre in the form of bran induced changes in bile salt metabolism in five people with intact gall bladders. There was evidence of reduced dehydroxylation of bile salts; the proportion of deoxycholate conjugates in bile was reduced and the transfer of radioactivity from labelled taurocholate to deoxycholate was decreased. These findings, which were independent of changes in intestinal transit rate, imply that bran reduced the degradation of bile salts by colonic bacteria. This property of bran accords with recent theories that fibre-depleted diets favour the degradation of bile salts in the colon. These findings may be relevant to the aetiology of large bowel cancer.

Bacteria↗