Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E W Nelson.
Four patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis are presented to illustrate the protean manifestations of this disorder. While the cause is unknown, the complications many, and the differential diagnosis often challenging, the treatment is simple and consists of low-dose, alternate-day administration of corticosteroids. Diagnosis depends on gastrointestinal biopsy, which usually can be obtained without surgery.
In 57% of the patients (12 of 25) seen with celiac sprue, as shown by clinical course and small bowel biopsy, peripheral blood thrombocytosis was present (range: 350,000 to 815,000 platelets per mm(3); mean: 546,000 +/- 44,060 SE). After clinical and histological remission, the platelet counts in these patients fell significantly (range: 188,000 to 300,0000 platelets per mm(3); mean 252,750 +/- 13,211 SE). There was no correlation between thrombocytosis and serum iron, folate, or vitamin B12 levels. Celiac sprue joins inflammatory bowel disease among gastrointestinal disorders as a consideration in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytosis. In these patients, thrombocytosis reflected active disease and was not present during remission. Evaluation of peripheral blood platelets may be useful in the assessment of patients with celiac sprue.
Intraluminal perfusion of the human small intestine has not been used extensively to study comparative bioavailability of vitamins. In this study a triple lumen tube with a 30-cm study segment was used to measure absorption of water-soluble vitamins from the human proximal jejunum. Fifteen normal subjects served as their own controls to quantitate absorption of folic acid and vitamin C from an orange juice solution and from a solution of synthetic vitamins. Despite a predictably greater water absorption from the glucose containing orange juice solution, the absorption of the two water-soluble vitamins did not differ significantly from the two solutions. Natural and synthetic ascorbate and folate were avidly absorbed in the first 30 cm of jejunum and with the exception of synthetic folate correlated positively with water absorption. This method, previously applied to the absorption of sugars, amino acids, and electrolytes, can be reliably applied to the study of comparative bioavailability of nutrients from food sources. The advantages of triple lumen perfusion over previous methods are: 1) it overcomes the necessity for urine collections in metabolic studies, 2) it can be used to study sites and mechanism of absorption, and 3) it is a direct measurement of absorption capacity.
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Allogeneic blood transfusion (Allo/BT) and burn injury modify the cellular immune response in patients under a variety of circumstances. We designed this study to investigate the influence of Allo/BT, burn injury, and the combination of the two on in vivo natural killer (NK) cell activity in a murine model. This study demonstrated significant enhancement of in vivo NK cell activity in noninjured BALB/c mice receiving Allo/BT from C3H mice when compared to both the control and syngeneic blood transfusion group at posttransfusion day 5. When burn-injured mice were compared to sham-stressed mice, the burn-injured mice showed significant suppression of in vivo NK cell activity. Furthermore, in this strain combination model, Allo/BT modulated the suppressive effect of burn injury on in vivo NK cell activity at posttransfusion day 5 and postburn day 7.
The purpose of this study was to identify the presence of the anterior intermeniscal ligament of the knee and to study its attachment patterns and relationships to other anatomic structures within the knee. Fifty unpaired cadaveric knees were dissected. An identifiably distinct anterior intermeniscal ligament was found in 47 specimens (94%). The average length was 33 mm and the average midsubstance width was 3.3 mm. The average perpendicular distance from the anterior intermeniscal ligament to the anterior margin of the tibial insertion of the anterior cruciate ligament was 7.8 mm (range, 2.0 to 13.5). The anterior intermeniscal ligament was the primary attachment for the anterior horn of the medial meniscus in 12 knees (24%); 7 knees (14%) had no tibial insertion and 5 knees (10%) had only a fine fascial tibial connection. Successful arthroscopic evaluation, surgical repair, and meniscal allograft reconstruction can be enhanced by a precise knowledge of the anterior intermeniscal ligament anatomy, especially when identifying the various insertion patterns of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus. A correct understanding of these patterns is helpful for avoiding patient injury during surgical procedures (particularly arthroscopic ACL reconstructions) performed in close proximity to the anterior intermeniscal ligament of the knee.
The present public health strategy to encourage the adoption of "safe sex" practices to contain the AIDS epidemic in America is incomplete. Current policy is responsive to and appropriate for control of homosexual, but not heterosexual transmission. Powerful societal forces restrict a woman's perception of risk. Consequently, the adoption of safe sex (condom use/insistence on use) by women at risk has not matched safe sex practice by homosexual men. Predictably, pattern two (heterosexual, maternal-fetal) HIV transmission is now rapidly increasing in the United States, particularly among minority women. In anticipation of an intensified pattern two subepidemic, AIDS containment policy should be reoriented to develop the role of women in AIDS prevention. An initiative, termed "sexual self-defense" (SSD), combines the technology of double-barrier (female irrespective of male) protection with a "universal precautions" approach to long-term sexual risk management. The initiative addresses both per-contact infectiousness and new partner acquisition, the principal determinants of HIV spread. As a female-targeted strategy, SSD is a timely supplement to existing programs, consistent with the direction of contemporary women's movements in the United States. A "street smart" approach, SSD bridges ethnic and socioeconomic individual differences. As a unifying philosophy of risk management in health promotion, SSD may avert the threatened fragmentation of AIDS control from existing programs of sexually transmitted disease control and teenage pregnancy prevention.
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The amount of torque required to loosen screws from three different antirotational screw-retained abutment/implant combinations was compared (with and without adhesive sealant applied) after 6 kg of force was applied during simulated intraoral movements. Movements were generated over two simulated time periods, representing 1 and 6 months. There was no significant decrease (alpha < .05) in the torque required to loosen the screws after either time period when using Calcitek Omnilock or Stryker Minimatic. The Core-Vent Bio-Vent specimens, however, exhibited a significant decrease (alpha < .05) in the amount of torque required to loosen the screws at the 1-month test period only. The addition of adhesive sealant significantly increased (alpha < .05) the amount of torque necessary to loosen the screws only in the Core-Vent specimens.