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Biomedical subjects

E W Menzel

Publications and source records attributed to E W Menzel.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) spatial problem solving with the use of mirrors and televised equivalents of mirrors.

Two adult male chimpanzees reached through a hole in the wall of their home cage and, by tracking the images of their hands and of an otherwise hidden target object in a mirror or closed-circuit television picture, moved their hands in whichever direction was necessary to make contact with the target object. They discriminated between live video images and tapes and performed effectively when the target objects were presented in novel locations and when the video picture was presented at random in different orientations. There was thus no consistent relation between the location of images on the monitor and the location of their real-world counterparts. Comparable performances in monkeys and nonprimates seem unlikely.

Animals↗

Map reading by chimpanzees.

Infant chimpanzees, after watching a small black-and-white closed-circuit television picture of a familiar caretaker walking out into an outdoor field and disappearing from sight, were more successful in finding the person than if they had been given no such cue; and their performance approximated that which obtained after they had seen the same scene normally, via direct perception.

Animals↗

Vocalizations and their behavioral contexts in the tamarin Saguinus fuscicollis.

The characteristic calls of Saguinus fuscicollis are described and illustrated with sound spectrograms. Each call type and its associated behavior is listed together with motor and vocal responses usually observed for a given context. Many of the call types are highly specific to social contexts while others appear to reflect changes in excitation level. Call types form two categories when related according to their acoustic structural similarity. Information in the 'group vocabulary" is discussed under five functional categories: spatial cohesion; alerting; aggressive behavior; infant calls, and adult vocalization during infant calls.

Age Factors↗

Purposive behavior as a basis for objective communication between chimpanzees.

The rate at which a chimpanzee approaches a hidden, distant goal varies according to social conditions and according to whether the goal is a novel object or food. This behavior furnishes a social group with sufficient information for simultaneous and successive disrciminations between leaders and between goals.

Animal Communication↗