Biomedical subjects

E Vlková

Publications and source records attributed to E Vlková.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Different utilization of glucose and raffinose in Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium animalis.

Growth of 2 strains of Bifidobacterium breve and 4 strains of Bifidobacterium animalis was evaluated with glucose, raffinose or a mixture of glucose and raffinose as substrates. All strains of B. animalis and one strain of B. breve grew more slowly on glucose than on raffinose or the mixture of glucose and raffinose; one strain of B. breve grew more rapidly on the mixture of glucose and raffinose than on raffinose while 2 strains of B. animalis grew faster on raffinose than on the mixture of raffinose and glucose. Both strains of B. breve utilized glucose and raffinose simultaneously. In contrast, all strains of B. animalis strains displayed atypical growth with rapid utilization of raffinose followed by slow utilization of glucose. The cell morphology of all strains of B. animalis was affected by the sugar used for cultivation: tiny and rather spherical cells were observed on glucose while on media with raffinose the cells were large and had the species-specific shape. Description of preferential utilization of various saccharides by bifidobacteria can contribute to the development of new synbiotic preparations and new cultivation media for bifidobacteria.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Distribution of bifidobacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of calves.

Development of gastrointestinal microflora of calves with special reference to bifidobacteria was investigated; fecal bacteria were enumerated in calves aged 3 days to 7 weeks. Bacteria were detected by using selective media, bifidobacteria using modified TPY agar with an addition of mupirocin and acetic acid and by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Bifidobacteria were dominant group of fecal flora of calves after 7 d of life, constituting 10 % of total bacterial counts. The highest bacterial concentrations were observed in rumen, cecum, and colon, the lowest in abomasum and duodenum. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli exhibited the highest survival ability during stomach passage and dominated in all parts of the digestive tract. Bifidobacteria counts determined by FISH were significantly higher than those provided by cultivation. Modified TPY agar was highly selective and suitable for bifidobacteria isolation but FISH was shown to be a more precise method for their enumeration. Our results show that gastrointestinal microflora of calves in the milk-feeding period is similar to breast-fed infants with respect to the occurrence of bifidobacteria as a dominant bacterial group. The use of Bifidobacterium strains offers a promising way for providing beneficial effectors for calves in the milk-feeding period.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[Surgical treatment of combined injuries of the anterior and posterior segment of the eye with intraocular metallic foreign body].

GOAL: The aim of this study was to establish anatomical and functional results of combined injuries of the anterior and posterior segment of the eye caused by penetration of the metallic foreign body. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The group consisted of 25 eyes with penetrating injury caused by metallic intraocular body. The age at time of the injury in the group was 14-68 years (36.8 +/- 10.9) and the average follow up period was 21.0 +/- 10.7 months. All injuries were treated by means of suture of the entering wound with immediate or postponed treatment of the pathologic findings in both segments during one or more procedures. The metallic foreign bodies were extracted with forceps or endomagnetic device during the pars plana vitrectomy. Traumatic changes of the retina were treated by means of endodiathermy and endolaser. Silicone oil tamponade was performed, where indicated. The partial or total traumatic cataract was removed by phacoemulsification through the scleral admittance or by endophaco fragmentation with or without intraocular lens implantation. RESULTS: The most common pathological findings were the penetrating wound of the cornea (72%) and traumatic changes of the iris (56%). The total cataract was present in 56 % of cases. In the posterior segment, vitreous hemorrhage was most frequent (36%). Signs of endophtalmitis were present in 12% of cases. The period between the primary suture and combined procedure at the anterior and posterior segment was mostly 5-14 days (56%). In ten cases (40%), the intraocular lens (IOL) was implanted, 9 times in the posterior and once in the anterior chamber. Out of the early postoperative complications, the fibrin in the anterior chamber was noticed most frequently (16%), and out of the late ones, the retinal detachment (32%) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (24) were most common. CONCLUSION: Anatomical and functional result of the combined injury with the foreign intraocular body depends not only on the choice of the surgical technique, but predominantly on the extent of the initial injury and risk of the present infection's spreading.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

[Photodynamic therapy with visudyne in treatment of wet form of age-related macular degeneration--two years results].

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy with Visudyne represents a new method in treatment of the wet form of age-related macular degeneration. METHODS AND RESULTS: Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy with Visudyne was confirmed at our department in the group of 49 patients (13 men, 36 women) of mean age 72.7 years with predominantly classical and occult choroidal neovascular membrane in subfoveal localization in wet form of age-related macular degeneration. The observation period in all patients in this group was 24 month. During the observation period, 27 patients with predominantly classical choroidal neovascular membrane underwent 1 to 5 treatments (mean 1.8). Before the treatment the average best corrected visual acuity was 0.696 +/- 0.20 logMAR. At the end of observation period the average best corrected visual acuity was 0.985 +/- 0.39 logMAR. Best corrected visual acuity dropped by 2.88 lines of ETDRS (early treatment diabetic retinopathy study) visual charts. 22 patients with the genuine occult choroidal neovascular membrane underwent during the observation period 1 to 3 treatments (mean 1.5). Average best corrected visual acuity before the treatment was 0.755 +/- 0.25 logMAR. At the end of observation period the average best corrected visual acuity was 0.909 +/- 0.42 logMAR. We found out the decrease of average best corrected visual acuity by 1.55 lines of ETDRS charts. CONCLUSIONS: Decrease of the average best corrected visual acuity less than 3 lines at ETDRS charts is considered as stabilisation of the finding. In our group this goal was achieved in 2/3 of patients.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Detection of infant faecal bifidobacteria by enzymatic methods.

An enzyme-based assay was developed for the detection of bifidobacteria in infant faeces. Ninety-five samples from 51 breast-fed infants in the age between 3 and 276 days were investigated. Bifidobacteria and other bacterial groups were determined by cultivation and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Faecal samples were examined for the activity of fructoso-6-phosphate phosphoketolase (F6PPK) and for other enzymatic reactions using the API-ZYM kit. Twenty-nine infants had high numbers of bifidobacteria (usually higher than 9 log CFU/g) in their faeces. Seventeen infants (35%) did not contain detectable amounts of bifidobacteria in their faecal samples. The remaining five individuals had low counts of bifidobacteria (3-6 log CFU/g). Most negative infants possessed major amounts of clostridia in their faecal flora. There were no significant differences among bifidobacterial counts obtained by cultivation and FISH, detection of F6PPK, alpha-galactosidase and alpha-glucosidase activities could routinely be used for the rapid and simple detection of bifidobacteria in infant faecal samples. Bifidobacterial colonies were identified using enzymatic tests and PCR procedure based on 16S rRNA gene sequences species-specific primers. In 14 samples, the identifications of individual isolates were compared with direct analyses of faeces using the nested PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (nested DGGE) procedure. The results obtained in several cases are not identical. Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium breve were most frequently identified. Bifidobacteria-positive samples had high activities of alpha-galactosidase and alpha-glucosidase. On the contrary, negative samples missed either one or both of these enzymatic activities. While all positive samples tested showed distinctive fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase activity (F6PPK), none of the negative samples expressed F6PPK activity.

Aldehyde-Lyases↗

PubMed2005

[Evaluation of visual function and changed quality of life among patients after excimer refractive surgery].

An anonymous wide-ranging questionnaire was forwarded to 60 patients (40 women and 20 men) who had a laser refractive surgery for myopia. The questionnaire was focused on 1. reasons for seeking a refractive surgery, 2. subjective complaints shortly after a surgery, 3. postoperative status: functionality, 4. satisfaction. The satisfaction with final outcome has reached 93% and that closely correlates to results of uncorrected VA (UCVA). However, some patients (17%) reported reduced vision under dim illumination and at night and also difficulty with nighttime driving.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[New incision versus corneal flap uncover: comparison of two techniques of repeated surgery after primary LASIK in myopia].

An advantage of the LASIK method is the possibility of repeated surgery in case of residual refractive error after the primary surgery. In the second surgery two techniques are used: the technique of the new incision (secondary LASIK) and the technique of corneal flap uncover. The authors evaluate the results of the residual refractive errors using both techniques of reoperaration. The cohort constituted of 74 reoperated eyes of 61 patients. The average age was 29.3 +/- 7.83 years (18 to 48 years) with the average follow-up period of 6.7 +/- 4.7 months (3 to 12 months). The reoperation was performed with the primary refractive error (before the first surgery) less than -3.0 dioptres (D) in 3 eyes, -3.25 to -6.0 D in 24 eyes, and higher than -6 D in 47 eyes of the cohort. Technique of the new incision was chosen in 21 eyes (28.4%) of the cohort (1st group) and corneal flap uncover in 53 eyes (71.6%) (2nd group). The residual refractive error before the reoperation was -1.3 D +/- 0.94 (standard deviation--SD) combined with -1.17 +/- 0.86 (SD) cylindrical dioptres (Dcyl) in the 1st group, and -1.12 D +/- 1.27 (SD) combined with -0.83 Dcyl +/- 0.64 (SD) in the 2nd one. The primary LASIK surgery, as well as reoperation was in all cases performed by argon-fluoride laser, class IV (Keracor 117 Chiron Technolas). The authors evaluated the final postoperative refractive error, reduction of its spherical and cylindrical component, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) the rate of complications during the surgery, and postoperatively as well. The final postoperative refractive error was in the 1st group -0.35 D +/- 0.40 (SD) and -0.56 Dcyl +/- 0.67 (SD), and in the 2nd group -0.17 D +/- 0.36 (SD) and -0.28 Dcyl +/- 0.45 (SD). Reduction of the residual postoperative refractive error after primary LASIK surgery in the spherical part of the error in the new incision technique group was 73.1% (P = 0.01), and in the corneal flap uncover technique 84.8% (P = 0.01). The cylindrical part lowered in the 1st group by 52.1% (P = 0.05), and in the 2nd group by 66% (P = 0.01). Improvement of the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was noticed in the 1st group in 18 eyes (85.7%), and in the 2nd group in 47 eyes (88.7%). The best corrected visual acuity remained in most of the cases unchanged--in the group of the new incision technique in 16 eyes of the cohort, and in the corneal flap uncover technique in 36 eyes (67.9%). Complications during the surgery and after that were noticed in the 1st group in 4 eyes (19%), and in the 2nd group in 12 eyes of the cohort (22.6%). No statistically significant difference in the reduction of the residual refraction error after primary LASIK and complications rate between both mentioned techniques of re-operation were noticed. Both methods may be considered effective and safe.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Effect of refraction procedures (LASIK) on various ocular functions (initial results)].

PURPOSE: to determine effect of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on visual functions: visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective study includes results of VA and CS preoperatively and 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively in patients with middle and high myopia. 36 eyes of 18 patients (3 men and 15 women) were divided according to spherical equivalent into 2 groups: group A (> -5.0 D, 18 eyes) and group B (< -5.0 D, 18 eyes). Mean patient's age was 27 years (range 19-46 years). Visual acuity was measured on logMAR charts, contrast sensitivity at 3, 6, 12 and 18 c/deg was tested using CSV 1000 Contrast sensitivity unit. In both groups, results of preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were compared to uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) after surgery. RESULTS: Visual acuity preoperatively was significantly decreased in comparison to controls in both groups, considerable decrease can be detected at 1 month postoperatively and it returns to preoperative values during 6 months after surgery. Postoperatively, a significant decrease of CS can be detected, above all at intermediate spatial frequencies. During first 6 months, values of CS slowly increase in both groups. However, only in group B (< -5D) the preoperative values have been reached. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that both used methods are very sensitive for evaluation of visual functions after refractive surgery. Changes of contrast sensitivity reveal even slightly changed optic factors of cornea that can cause subjective complaints of patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Radial neurotomy of the optic nerve in central retinal vein occlusion (case reports)].

The basic aim of this paper is to introduce the case reports of two patients with the ischaemic form of the central vein occlusion with very low preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and with very unfavorable prognosis, treated by means of radial neurotomy of the optic nerve disc (RNO) during the pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Radial neurotomy of the optic nerve disc (RNO) was performed in two patients with ischaemic form of the central vein occlusion with very unfavorable prognosis during the pars plana vitrectomy in the nasal part of the rim of the optic nerve disc between nasal retinal vascular arcades with specially designed knife (Spaide CRVO knife), as described by Opremcak. The surgery was supplemented with the peeling of the epiretinal membranes and inner limiting membrane, using the Membrane blue. Both eyes were due to uncomplicated course of the operations left without the inner tamponade. RNO represents surgical treating method reserved for ischaemic CRVO with unfavorable prognosis. The key role in the pathological physiology of the RNO plays not only the breaking of the compartment system, but also acceleration of the collateral chorioretinal circulation, as we observed in both of our patients. The BCVA in the first patient improved from 1/50 (0.02 or 3/150) to 3/50 (0.06 or 20/333), and in the second one from 1/50 (0.02 or 3/150) to 5/30 (0,17 or 20/120). In both patients, the retinal hemorrhages and the edema markedly resorbed, the dilatation of the venous vessels disappeared as well as the edema of the optic nerve disc. The region of the scar after the neurotomy remained quiet without signs of retinal or choroidal neovascularizations. The authors demonstrate on their own case reports the efficacy of the RNO in two patients with prognosticaly unfavorable ischaemic form of the BRVO. The RNO seems to be a promising method suitable for the treatment in prognosticaly unfavorable ischaemic forms of the BRVO.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Aggregation of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria with Escherichia coli O157.

A total of 5 Bifidobacterium spp. isolated from pig and children' feces and 6 Lactobacillus spp. from chicken feces were examined for expression of aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and adherence to intestinal mucin. Co-aggregation activity was seen in 3 strains of auto-aggregative bifidobacteria and 4 auto-aggregative strains of Lactobacillus spp. with 2 enterohemorrhagic E. coli (O157). CSH correlated with Lactobacillus auto-aggregating activity and adherence to mucin but the correlation between Bifidobacterium adherence to mucin and CSH was not confirmed.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Enumeration, isolation, and identification of bifidobacteria from infant feces.

Thirty-three fully breast-fed infants aged between 1 and 12 weeks were screened for bifidobacteria in feces. Bifidobacteria counts in most fecal samples determined both by TPY agar and FISH procedure ranged from 10(8) to 10(11) CFU/g. Three infants did not contain any bifidobacteria in their fecal samples. One child was delivered by caesarean section and the other two by normal vaginal delivery. All bifidobacteria-free infants possessed Gram-positive regular rods as a major group of their fecal flora. These bacteria were identified as clostridia using genus-specific FISH probe. In bifidobacteria-positive samples, B. longum (57.9% of the samples) was the most frequently found species, followed by B. adolescentis (31.6%), B. bifidum (21.0%), B. breve (10.5%), B. pseudocatenulatum (5.3%), and B. dentium (5.3%).

Bifidobacterium↗

PubMed2004

The bifidogenic effect of Taraxacum officinale root.

The infusion of dandelion root (Taraxacum officinale) stimulated in vitro the growth of 14 strains of bifidobacteria. The utilization of oligofructans, glucose, fructose and total saccharides was determined by enzymatic and phenol-sulfuric methods. Dandelion oligofructans were important source of carbon and energy for bifidobacteria tested.

Bifidobacterium↗

PubMed2004

[Comparison of clinical results between LASIK method and ICL implantation in high myopia].

In a retrospective study the authors evaluate clinical results of the LASIK (laser in situ keratomileusis) and the implantation of the implantable posterior chamber contact lens phakic IOL (ICL) (STAAR Surgical) to correct high myopia. The purpose of the study was to assess which of those two methods is more reliable in patients to correct myopia in the range -10.0 to -23.0 diopters. The LASIK method was presented of a group of 70 eyes of 48 patients with preoperative spherical equivalent average of -12.9 +/- 3.8 diopters (Dsf) and average astigmatism of -0.99 +/- 1.2 cylindrical diopters (Dcyl). The group was divided into two parts: one part was with the desired postoperative emmetropia--46 eyes (65.7%), and part two was with the desired postoperative residual myopia up to -3.0 Dsf--24 eyes (34.3%). The method of ICL implantation was presented of a group of 36 eyes of 21 patients with preoperative spherical equivalent average of -15.21 +/- 4.0 Dsf and average astigmatism of -0.92 +/- 0.69 Dcyl. Also this group was divided into two parts: One part was with the desired postoperative emmetropia--25 eyes (69.4%), and part two was with the desired postoperative residual myopia up to -3.0 Dsf--11 eyes (30.6%). The developments of postoperative refraction in time (1 week to 3 years after the surgery), the final postoperative refraction and its stability and (6 months to 3 years after the surgery) as well as the occurrence of complications in both studied groups were evaluated. In the assessment of the postoperative refraction development in groups of desired emmetropia, the average uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), average postoperative spherical equivalent and astigmatism were evaluated. In the groups with desired residual myopia the average best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), average postoperative spherical equivalent, and astigmatism were followed. Three years after the surgery in groups with desired emmetropia, the average postoperative spherical equivalent was -0.99 Dsf and reduction of myopia by 92.0% in the LASIK method, and -0.52 Dsf and reduction of myopia by 96.1% in ICL implantation respectively. In cases of desired residual myopia those final values were -1.74 Dsf with reduction of myopia by 86% for LASIK, and -1.58 Dsf with reduction myopia by 90.7% for ICL implantation. Final postoperative BCVA (given in lines of Snellen optotypes) was in 1.7% (1 eye) loss of 2 lines, in 17.1% (12 eyes) 1 line loss, in 55.7% (39 eyes) without change, in 22.9% (16 eyes) improvement by one line. In ICL implantation, the BCVA was unchanged in 25% (9 eyes), in 72.3% (26 eyes) improved by 1 line, and in 1 eye improved by 2 lines. In the group with LASIK method, in 17.1% (12 eyes) a reoperation followed, and in the group with ICL implantation, in 2.7% (1 eye) the other operation followed (ICL explantation). From the results emerged that for high myopia over -10 Dsf is the ICL implantation more appropriate because of its faster postoperative visual rehabilitation, more stabile and better final postoperative refraction and lower complications ratio.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Adult form of Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy--case reports].

The purpose of this study is to refer three case reports of adult Best's macular dystrophy. The group consists of three patients, one woman and two men, aged 49 - 67 years. In all patients of the group only one lesion localized in the macula of the affected eye was noticed. In two patients, both eyes were affected; in the last one the finding was unilateral. All lesions had typical clinical finding, which corresponded to the vitelliform stage of the Best's disease. All patients underwent complex ophthalmologic examination including medical history taking, visual acuity for far and for near, intraocular pressure measurement, examination of the visual fields, retinal examination with dilated pupils, optical coherent tomography, and electroretinogram, and electro-oculogram as well. In all three patients, also the fundus fluorescein angiography was performed. The decrease of the visual acuity closely correlated to the seriousness and the duration of the retinal finding. The vitelliform lesion was located always in the macula, in sub- or juxtafoveolar localization. In none of those patients the authors could find the genetic linkage or the transmission of the disease to the relatives.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

[Implantation of the Starr Surgical intraocular posterior chamber lenses for phakic eyes in medium and higher levels of myopia and hyperopia].

Implantation of an Intraocular Posterior-chamber Lens for a Phacik Eye from STAAR Surgical Co. in Medium and Higher Grades of Myopia and Hyperopia Implantation of an intraocular Collamer lens for a phacic eye produced by STAAR Surgical (ICL) co. is a modern method of correction of medium and high-grade refractive defects--myopia and hyperopia. The authors evaluate the results of implantation of ICL Staar Surgical in 20 eyes of 13 patients (1 man and 12 women). Their mean age was 31.36 +/- 9.21 years and the follow-up period 1-54 months (mean 28.8 months +/- 12.42). The group was divided into two sub-groups--hyperopia (8 eyes) and myopia (12 eyes). The mean value of refraction before surgery was 28 D +/- 2.03 and +0.25 Dcyl manifest (in cycloplegia +7.6 +/- 2.28 D) (from 3.75 D to 10.0 D) in the group of hyperopia and -14.25 D +/- 5.68 and -1.81 Dcyl (from -5.5 D to -25.0 D) in the myopic group. The required postoperative refraction was in 17 eyes emmetropia and in 3 eyes residual myopia up to -3.0 D with regard to incipient presbyopia. The authors evaluate the resultant best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the resultant postoperative refraction, the incidence of postoperative complications and changed density of endothelial cells in the centre of the cornea in the course of time. In the group of hyperopia improvement of the BCVA as compared with the preoperative value occurred by one line in two eyes (25%), in 5 eyes (62.5%) BCVA remained unchanged. In one instance deterioration by one line occurred due to a diminution of endothelial cells in the centre of the cornea after surgery. In the group of myopia in 7 eyes (58.3%) improvement by 1 line occurred, in 2 eyes (16.7%) by 2 lines and in 3 cases (25%) BCVA remained unchanged. The mean value of postoperative refraction in the myopic group in required emmetropia (9 eyes) was -0.77 +/- 1.62 D and in required residual myopia (3 eyes) -1.5 +/- 1.32 D. The mean value of postoperative refraction in the group of hyperopia was +0.57 +/- 0.5 D for far sight and +1.28 +/- 0.58 D for near sight. The most frequent early postoperative complications included keratitis striata in 5, epithelopathy in 3 and residues of viscoelastic material behind the ICL in 3 eyes. As to late postoperative complications, in 2 eyes a change in endothelial cell density was involved, in 12 eyes the syndrome of pigment dispersal and in one eye late decentration of ICL occurred with subsequent anterior subcapsular cataract. The change in density of endothelial cells was most markedly expressed 3 months after surgery in the hyperopic group. The advantage of ICL implantation is rapid postoperative visual rehabilitation, reversibility of the operation, preserved accommodation and satisfactory stability of the postoperative refraction.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[Phototherapeutic keratectomy in the treatment of superficial corneal diseases].

In the retrospective study the authors evaluate clinical results of phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) that is one of the alternative methods used in treatment of some of the superficial corneal diseases. The authors present the group of 89 eyes of 63 patients with diagnose: dry spot corneae in 69 eyes (77.5%), recurrent corneal erosion in 13 eyes (14.5%), corneal dystrophy in 2 eyes (1.8%), recurrent herpes simplex keratitis in 3 eyes (2.7%), recurrent pterygium in 2 eyes (1.8%), atopic keratoconjunctivitis with mucous plaque in 1 eye (0.9%). The average age was 45.2 years (14-84 years) and average follow-up period was 29 months (3-52 months). The operation was done with the use of device Keracor 117 (ArF excimer laser) in topical anaesthesia, with the average zone of ablation 4.1 mm and average depth of ablation 24 mu in one go. In ten cases was the operation carried out repeatedly. We evaluated the postoperative complications, postoperative changes of refraction and final the best corrected visual acuity. For low percentage of postoperative complications, decrease or disappearance of subjective difficulties and improvement of visual acuity with minimal stress for the patient we can recommend PTK as save and efficient method in treatment of corneal diseases mentioned above.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Leber's miliary aneurysms--case report].

The disease is classified along with idiopathic iuxtapapillary retinal teleangiectasis and Coat's disease in the group of retinal teleangiectases. The disease was first described by Leber in 1912. Sometimes the disease is considered an early form of Coat's disease. The condition is usually unilateral, only rarely bilateral. Aneurysms are most frequently in a temporal position, in the medium to remote periphery of the retina. On examination by fluorescein angiography they reveal leakage. The disease has a very slow progression and is usually diagnosed in advanced age. Leber's miliary aneurysms are very frequently surrounded by hard whitish exsudates. They can be complicated by vascular dilatations, neovascularizations, thromboses, retrovitreal haemorrhages and macular changes. Their size is greater than in diabetic retinopathy. Some aneurysms may be thrombotized. In some instances exsudative detachment of the retina was described. Treatment is based on laser photocoagulation. Laser scars should not be very intense to avoid damage of Bruch's membrane and development of neovascularizations and proliferations. Cryotherapy is indicated when the aneurysms are in the periphery. The submitted case-report describes a patient with the bilateral form of Leber's miliary aneurysms. On one eye the disease was complicated by the development of neovascularizations with repeated haemorrhage into the vitreous body. In the submitted paper the authors describe the gradual progression of the disease incl. the finding of fluorescein angiography and the selected therapeutic method which contributed to stabilization of satisfactory visual functions.

Aneurysm↗

PubMed2003

[Importance of mathematical analysis of the retinal image in diabetic retinopathy].

The authors test whether for evaluation of the severity of diabetic retinopathy it is possible to use the method of computer assisted mathematical processing of the retinal image. This method is based on the identification of vascular endings in the visualized part of the retina. It is assumed that with the severity of the finding the number of vascular endings increases in conjunction with the process of neogenesis. For assessment of the number of vascular endings the authors use the Adaptive Contrast Control (ACC) method. By a special procedure the vascular endings are identified and their number is assessed in the investigated area of the retina. The method makes it possible to assess in addition to the number of vascular endings also the total length of the vessels, their volume, surface, area they cover and the histogram of the diameter of the vessels. The authors examined 19 patients (38 eyes) with a quite normal finding on the retina. The mean age of the group was 37.3 years. Moreover they examined 10 patients (20 eyes) with middle advanced and advanced non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 10 patients (20 eyes) with risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In every patient a standard digital photograph of the fundus of both eyes size "tif" was made and each picture was subjected to mathematical analysis. The group of patients was divided into three sub-groups (patients with a normal finding, a non-proliferative finding and a finding of proliferative diabetic retinopathy). In the conclusion the authors provide evidence that with increasing severity of the finding on the retina also the number of vascular endings increases.

Adolescent↗