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Biomedical subjects

E Vilmer

Publications and source records attributed to E Vilmer.

144 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Clinical significance of cytomegalovirus viremia in bone marrow transplantation.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia was systematically studied in 56 patients having undergone bone marrow transplantation for leukemia or aplastic anemia. Of the patients who survived at least three months, 57% had CMV viremia with a frequency peak between the 7th and the 9th weeks. We describe possible clinical signs associated with viremia, particularly late peripheral and/or central thrombocytopenia. The occurrence of viremia was studied according to the specific preexisting immune status of recipients and donors; granulocyte transfusions and graft-versus-host disease. The relationship between these parameters and viremia provides a basis for the analysis of prophylactic treatments of CMV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Aspergillus infection and chronic septic granulomatosis].

Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood is a hereditary abnormality of phagocytic cells, frequently associated with Aspergillus infections. From 1969 to 1984, 14 of 37 children with chronic granulomatous disease have presented with pulmonary (13 cases) and/or osteo-articular (1 case) aspergillosis. The paucity of symptoms was a characteristic of these infections. Lung lesions extending to the thoracic chest wall carried the bad prognosis. Neither the Aspergillus skin test nor the Aspergillus serology could definitely confirm the diagnosis. Only broncho-alveolar lavage and biopsy with isolation of Aspergillus could confirm the diagnosis. Long-term therapy with amphotericin B alone or associated with other antifungal agents is necessary. For the past 3 years, ketoconazole prophylaxis has been used in 23 children and none of these children has developed aspergillosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Selective tropism of lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) for helper-inducer T lymphocytes.

Lymphadenopathy associated virus ( LAV ) has been isolated from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or lymphadenopathy syndrome. Since the immune deficiency in AIDS seems to be primarily related to the defect of the helper-inducer T lymphocyte subset, the possibility that LAV is selectively tropic for this subset was investigated. Fractionation of T lymphocytes was achieved by cellular affinity chromatography with monoclonal antibodies. In a hemophilic patient who was a healthy carrier of LAV , reverse transcriptase activity and virus particles detected by electron microscopy were found only in cultures of helper-inducer lymphocytes. When infected with LAV in vitro, lymphocyte subsets from normal individuals yielded similar results. Virus production was associated with impaired proliferation, modulation of T3-T4 cell markers, and the appearance of cytopathic effects. The results provide evidence for the involvement of LAV in AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Isolation of new lymphotropic retrovirus from two siblings with haemophilia B, one with AIDS.

A human T-lymphotropic retrovirus was isolated from cultured T lymphocytes from two siblings with haemophilia B. Patient 2 was healthy, but patient 1 had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The retrovirus differed from human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV) but it was similar to the lymphadenopathy-associated retrovirus (LAV) in its morphology and its major core protein (P25). Both patients had antibodies against LAV and patient 1's retrovirus, detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or a radioimmunoprecipitation assay. Seroepidemiological data indicated the transmission of this retrovirus by plasma products.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

[AIDS in the infant].

Recently, we and others have encountered a group of infants who developed AIDS. They were born from parents who belonged to identified risk factors for AIDS. The clinical and immunologic features were described. The existence of a pediatric form of AIDS transmitted other than by transfusion suggests the possibility of transplacental perinatal or postnatal transmission.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

[A case of AIDS in a hemophilia B patient in France].

AIDS is reported in a 14 year old hemophiliac B. This patient was treated on demand and used 800 F IX IU per kg B.W. and per year. He presented with severe opportunistic infection (Toxoplasmosis) and profound impairment of cellular immunity. He suffered of chronic active hepatitis and he was chronic HBs Ag carrier. A retrovirus (LAV) was isolated from his cultured T lymphocytes. He had no other identified risk factor than severe hemophilia B. The occurrence of AIDS in hemophiliacs suggests a relationship between the transfusion of blood products and the disease. The cause of AIDS is unknown. A possible relationship between LAV and AIDS is discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical aspects of cytomegalovirus infection after allogenic bone marrow grafts].

CMV infection is one of the major infection after bone marrow transplantation. CMV viremia was systematically studied in 66 patients with aplastic anemia or leukemia undergoing BMT. 57% patients had CMV viremia with a frequency peak between 7 and 9 weeks after transplant. Clinical symptoms found during viremia were pancytopenia, fever, cytolytic hepatitis. Interstitial pneumonitis was found only in 4 cases. In 3 cases, viremia was not associated with clinical symptoms. Survival was identical to the group of patients without viremia. Viremia was positively associated with the presence of high anti-CMV antibody titer in donor or recipient before transplant, or to a lymphocyte proliferative response against CMV antigens in donor or recipient before BMT. Granulocyte transfusions increased the frequency of CMV viremia. CMV infection was significantly associated with acute and chronic graft versus host disease. The relation showed between these parameters and viremia provides a basis for an accurate diagnosis of CMV infection and a better background for the study of prophylactic or curative treatment of CMV infection.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1984

Lymphadenopathy associated virus and its etiological role in AIDS.

Lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) is a novel human retrovirus first reported in 1983. It was isolated from the lymph node lymphocytes of a French homosexual patient with generalized hyperplasic lymphadenopathy. Subsequently LAV was isolated from patients with frank acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) coming from all the different high-risk groups, while anti-LAV antibodies were detected equally in individuals from all "at-risk" groups. Such a profile is consistent with the virus being the major etiological agent of AIDS. Furthermore its biological properties, namely its cytopathic effect in vitro, its T4-cell tropism as well as the role of the T4 molecule in virus infection explain, at least in part, the pathophysiology of AIDS. The major core (gag) proteins are p18, p25, and p13 which are products of a Pr55 precursor. The major envelope (env) glycoprotein is unusually large (gp110) for a retrovirus and comparable to those of the lentiviruses. Recently the virus has been molecularly cloned. The genome is 9.2 kb long, longer than any other known replication competent retrovirus apart from the lentiviruses. The absence of molecular hybridization between cloned LAV and human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) genomes compounds the original and extensive differences noted between these viruses and demonstrates that LAV is a prototype of a new class of human retrovirus.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Epstein-Barr serology in immunodeficiencies: an attempt to correlate with immune abnormalities in Wiskott-Aldrich and Chediak-Higashi syndromes and ataxia telangiectasia.

Epstein-Barr (EB) virus serology was correlated with the results of immunological investigations of three inherited immunodeficiency diseases, in an attempt to understand the immune mechanisms controlling EB virus infection. In nine patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), the constant lack of anti-EB virus associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) was accompanied by a consistent impairment of allogeneic cytotoxicity. We confirmed a frequent absence of anti-EBNA antibody in ataxia telangiectasia (AT), and we showed a correlation between the level of anti-EBNA response and the mixed leucocyte response (MLR), i.e., an absence of anti-EBNA antibody correlated with a decreased MLR. In two of three untreated patients with Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), high persistent titres of anti-EA antibodies were observed, which were possibly related to a defective natural killer (NK) cell activity. In spite of previous infection with EB virus, none of the 41 patients exhibited clinical signs attributable to the virus, suggesting that residual or compensatory mechanisms must have limited activation of the virus. In patients with AT and WAS these mechanisms may include NK cell activity, which is not depressed in these syndromes, whereas in patients with CHS, they may involve T cell cytotoxicity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Treatment of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome by a graft of allogeneic bone marrow].

We herein describe the first French case of successful bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in a patient with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Although the patient required hospitalization for a total of one year during his first 4 years of life for bleeding, eczema, protracted diarrhea and multiple infections, the bone marrow transplantation has permitted a complete and stable correction of the thrombocytopenia, the eczema and the immunodeficiency. The patient was prepared by a total body irradiation (850 rads) with a partial lung shielding and anti-lymphocyte globulins. The BMT was immediately followed by a severe but transient herpetic infection and acute graft versus host reaction (grade II) which resolved after steroid therapy. The thrombocytopenia disappeared 3 months after the BMT. The infections and the eczema did not reappear. Immune functions are entirely normal and all blood cells have been shown to be of donor origin (the sister of the recipient). The boy is growing normally and is doing well 3 1/2 years thereafter. He only suffered from bilateral cataracts secondary to the irradiation requiring lens extraction. One can now expect a success rate of 75% in bone marrow transplantation in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome as evaluated from a world review. In contrast, symptomatic treatment of the disease leads to a mean survival of 7 years, survival rarely exceeding 18 years.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pediatric hematology].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Idiopathic thrombopenic purpura in a child in black Africa: a case report in Togo].

UNLABELLED: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpurea (ITP) is an autoimmune disease that occurs frequently in Europe and the US, but has rarely been described in Africa. Case report. An 8-year-old girl was admitted for cutaneous and mucosal bleeding. She had a low platelet count (11 x 10(9)/l). ITP was suspected and the diagnosis was confirmed by bone marrow examination. Corticosteroid treatment was effective. DISCUSSION: This is the second case reported in Togo since 1982. The diagnosis of the disease is straightforward, so the lack of cases reported in central Africa suggests that the disease is rare in this region. The rarity of the disease may be due to genetic or environmental factors, or it may simply be that physicians overlook this disease when making their diagnosis. Corticosteroids are now the preferred treatment for ITP because of the risk of transmitting Creutzfeldt-Jacob's disease by intravenous administration of immunoglobulin. Splenectomy is the ultimate treatment for chronic forms. CONCLUSION: Unlike other diseases, the diagnosis and treatment of which require methods unavailable in parts of Africa, ITP treatment, as currently practiced in countries of the northern hemisphere, is within the reach of most African countries. Further studies are required to determine the true frequency of the disease in central Africa.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗