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Biomedical subjects

E Vignon

Publications and source records attributed to E Vignon.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Long term effects of dichloromethylene diphosphonate in Paget's disease of bone.

Dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) is a diphosphonate which markedly inhibits bone resorption. We have tested Cl2MDP in Paget's disease, a disorder characterized by increased bone remodeling. Sixty-three patients with progressive Paget's disease were treated for 6 months with Cl2MDP at daily oral doses of 400, 800, 1600, or 2400 mg. Thirty-nine patients received calcium and vitamin D supplements during treatment. patients in all treatment groups had significant reduction in serum alkaline phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline, skeletal uptake of 99mtechnetium-diphosphonate scintiscans, and resorption parameters on iliac crest biopsy samples as assessed by quantitative histomorphometry. Treatment was well tolerated and did not induce a skeletal mineralization defect. The reduction in alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline persisted 1 yr after withdrawal of treatment. The biochemical remission was sustained in half of the patients 2 yr after the end of treatment and was accompanied by a marked reduction of bone pain. a daily dose of 800 mg is recommended as the best of control of clinical and biochemical symptoms. The transient increase in iPTH levels observed in patients treated with Cl2MDP alone did not occur when calcium and vitamin D were added. We conclude that Cl2MDP is effective in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone and provides a prolonged response. Dietary supplementation with calcium and vitamin D is desirable to prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

[Prosthetic replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament in dogs by carbon fibres (author's transl)].

Division of the anterior cruciate ligament in dogs usually leads to degenerative arthrosis of the knee after a few weeks. The authors have replaced the anterior cruciate ligament in 7 dogs by an artificial ligament made of carbon fibre. The results were analysed after seven months. In all cases the artificial ligaments had been affected in spite of good clinical behaviour. The fibrous invasion of the carbon fibres was poor. Most of the knees had cartilaginous lesions of the arthrotic type, the synovium was the site of foreign body reaction surrounding deposits of carbon and some carbon deposits were found in lymph glands in the inguinal region.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Combined oral retinoid and PUVA therapy in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthropathy (author's transl)].

Combined oral retinoid (RO 10.9359) and PUVA therapy were given to 107 patients with psoriasis, 9 of whom had psoriatic arthropathy. Treatment was started with the retinoid at a dose of 1 mg/kg day and PUVA therapy added after 2 weeks. No other treatment was given. In 100 patients the combined therapy achieved clearing of the lesions, including scalp lesions, in a shorter time and with less total joules/cm2 than a group treated by PUVA alone. The remaining 7 patients were not responding to PUVA alone but achieved clearing when the retinoid was added. Five patients out of 9 with psoriatic arthropathy responded to the combined therapy. Predictable mild side-effects from the retinoid were encountered. The teratogenic risk of retinoid therapy is emphasized. The value of combined retinoid-PUVA therapy in psoriasis is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Anatomical and histological study of osteochondral and costal cartilage autografts in the dog].

A macroscopic and microscopic anatomical study of the knees of 10 Beagles showed that thin osteo-chondral autografts taken from another joint healed perfectly macroscopically and almost perfectly histologically, if they fitted very well (figure 2). Rib cartilage grafts fitted perfectly to a dog's knee were not successful unless the perichondrium was turned towards the bone, in which case cartilage proliferated on the surface (figure 4). There was very little loss of substance but trans-chondro-osseus perforation also revealed a chondrogenic mode (figure 4). No trace was found in the literature of work concerning a comparison of these two types of grafts in the same experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Treatment of Paget's disease of bone with ethane-1 hydroxy-1, 1 diphosphonate at low dosage (author's transl)].

Fifty-one patients with Paget's disease were treated during 6 months with ethane-01 hydroxy-1, 1 diphosphonate (EHDP, etidronate) in doses of 5 mg/kg/day. The drug was most effective in relieving pain, at the same time diminishing the uptake of pagetic lesions on quantitative bone scans and lowering by almost 70% the abnormally high serum alkaline phosphatase levels and 24-hour hydroxyproline urinary levels. Histologically, the resorption surfaces and the number of osteoclasts per mm2 of bone tissue were significantly reduced. On follow-up, the improvement persisted for at least one year after treatment was discontinued. EHDP was well tolerated clinically and biologically, and on histological sections no accumulation of osteoid tissue due to impaired mineralization was seen. EHDP at the 5 mg/kg/day dose appears to be effective in the treatment of Paget's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Microdurimetric and biochemical study of human articular cartilage. Comparison of different joints].

The micro-hardness and the density of fixed negative charges in cartilage of the shoulders, hips and knees of 6 subjects were studied. These two parameters were narrowly correlated. The resistance and proteoglycan concentration of the cartilage of the femoral head were greater than those of the knee and of the shoulder. They did not vary on each side. There is a significant correlation between the hardness of the cartilage of the femoral head and of the external femoral condyle. The histologically normal cartilage of the femoral head in arthrosis is at the lower limit of control values for hardness.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1979

[Arthroscopic study after failure of synoviorthesis (author's transl)].

Arthroscopy of the knee, including synovial biopsy under direct vision, was performed in 22 patients (21 cases of arthritis, 1 of osteoarthrosis), treated 15 days to 12 months previously by osmic or isotopic synoviorthesis. The aspects seen after the 16 failures were compared with those seen after good results (4 cases) and after recurrences (2 cases). In arthritis, failure was due either to persistent synovitis, to synovial necrosis or to a combination of the two. Arthroscopy is useful since the discovery of inflammatory lessions justifies repeat synoviorthesis, whilst necrosis indicates the need for articular lavage.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1978

[Study of articular cartilage in arthrosis. Histological and biochemical data].

Arthrosis is characterized by destructive lesions of cartilage occuring in the pressure areas of the articular surfaces and leading to the denudation and erosion of the sub-chondral bone. At a further stage these lesions are distinguished from cartilage lesions due to aging and correspond to the progressive erosion of a tissue whose cells present mainly signs of degeneration and whose tissue contains few proteoglycans. The histologic appearance of the initial lesions of the cartilage remains a matter of controversy and ambiguity. Some look like fissures in relatively healthy tissues where the cells show signs of proliferation and hyperactivity. Others correspond to the fragmentation of tissues whose cells and connective tissues are severely damaged. The first biochemical changes of cartilage in arthrosis associate a disorder of proteoglycan aggregation and an increase in the water content. The modifications of proteoglycans could be due to the action of proteolytic enzymes or to a lack of synthesis due to changes in chondrocyte glycotransferase. The biochemical changes could be the cause of cartilage destruction following pressures, since they can decrease the resistance of the tissue. They could nevertheless, be secondary to rupture lesions of the collagen, due only to stress. Arthrosis can then be secondary to either a special weakness of the cartilage or abnormal stress factors.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1978

[Microhardness measurement of the cartilage of the human femur head].

Resistance to compression of the cartilage of 29 heads of human femurs were studied with a microdetector. This instrument allows comparison between various samples of cartilage, taking into account the macroscopic aspect of the surface of the articulation. Study of samples using normal microscopy reveals that the hardness of the cartilage can vary considerably from one subject to another, without correlation with the microscopic aspect of the articulation surface, or the exact place of the biopsy or the age of the subject. The presence of superficial microfissures was correlated with significant diminution of the hardness of the cartilage. The most extensive lesions of the cartilage due to aging were observed in subjects with an intact cartilage that was less resistant than the others.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Cartilage of the head of the femoral in articular chondrocalcinosis (author's transl)].

A study of three femoral heads removed from patients suffering from articular chondrocalcinosis enabled the authors to identify the lesions of the cartilage in that disorder. They are mainly represented by crystals of calcium pyrophosphate. They appear within the cartilage which is macroscopically intact and histologically normal, but their location and the related tissue phenomena in their formation remain controversial and poorly understood. They accumulate in the various layers of the non-calcified cartilage within which they appear to hollow out genuine cavities by pushing back and then destroying the intercellular matrix and surrounding chondrocytes. In spite of their at times considerable size, the accumulations of crystals are not accompanied with fissures or erosion of cartilage tissue. This good histological tolerance appears to be explained by the distribution of calcification outside of the areas bearing pressure, which is in agreement with the often asymptomatic nature of chondrocalcinosis. These calcfications appear to be able to render cartilage fragile and to lead to pseudoarthrosic arthropathy when they are abundant and spread through the entire surface of a joint.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[The cellularity of fibrillated articular cartilage. A comparative study of age-related and osteoarthrotic cartilage lesions from the human femoral head].

The cellularity of human femoral head cartilage has been studied in age-related and osteoarthrotic fibrillated samples and control intact samples. Age-related fibrillated cartilage shows a marked increase of the cell density which is directly related to the proliferation of cell clusters and to cartilage thinning. In osteoarthrotic cartilage lesions multicellular clusters are less frequent and cell density is decreased. A smooth aspect of the exposed cartilage surface and an increased subchondral bone mass are only found in osteoar/hrotic samples. The findings suggest that age-related and osteoarthrotic cartilage lesions are due to different mechanical stresses governing the cellularity of the tissue.

Aging↗
PubMed1976

[Cellular density of the femur head cartilage in relation to age].

The authors studied the cell density in samples of cartilage taken from the superior and inferior poles of the femoral heads of 65 subjects between 16 and 100 years of age. This study showed that the average cell density of the cartilage decreased significantly with age and that the decrease was proportionally identical in the two poles of the femoral head. In absolute values, the decrease in superficial cell densty is much greater in the inferior than in the superior pole. The relation between the decrease in cell density with age, cartilaginous lesions of senescence, and arthrosis are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Quantitative histological study of the cartilage of human arthrotic femur head].

A quantitative histological study of the cartilage of the human arthrosic femoral head. In this work, samples of unsplit cartilage taken from 15 arthrosic femoral heads and 26 normal femoral heads from the same topographical areas, and of identical age, were studied by quantitative histological methods. This study was concerned with the thickness of the calcified and non-calcified cartilage, the cellular density, the average number of nuclei per lacuna, and the average surface area of the lacunae in the different layers of the cartilage. Comparison between the two groups of samples showed that the arthrosic cartilage differed from the normal cartilage by a diminution in the size of the superficial lacunae, a reduction in the number of nuclei per lacuna in the middle layer, a diminution in the cellularity of the deep layer and an augmentation in the layer of calcified cartilage. These modifications suggest that arthrosis of the hip is secondary to diffuse cellular alterations associating a diminution in metabolic activity and necrosis of the chondrocytes.

Calcinosis↗