Congruence between student and instructor perceptions of clinical teaching in paediatrics.
The purpose of this study was to examine the similarities and differences in what students and instructors perceive to be the importance, and instructor use of, representative effective clinical teaching skills noted in the literature. Teaching staff members (n = 74) and students (n = 96) in three successive quarters in a required clerkship in paediatrics completed parallel forms of a clinical teaching survey. Providing feedback and positive reinforcement, showing personal interest in students, communicating knowledge and learning objectives effectively, motivating students, exhibiting knowledge of current practice and physical diagnosis, and spending time reviewing histories and demonstrating and supervising physical examinations were all thought to be important by both students and teaching staff members. Both students and instructors, however, perceived history/physical examination skills to be somewhat less important than the other clinical teaching skills, although instructors believed this skill to be significantly more important than did students. In general there was a great deal of consistency and reliability among student and instructor perceptions of the importance of these representative effective clinical teaching skills. In contrast, teaching staff members consistently believed they used each skill significantly more than students judged they did. Not surprisingly, the more important that teaching staff members believed each skill to be, the more they reported using that skill in their own teaching. These findings suggest that it is important for clinical instructors to be vigilant in assessing the effectiveness of their teaching methods.