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Biomedical subjects

E Urban

Publications and source records attributed to E Urban.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Fast ground state manipulation of neutral atoms in microscopic optical traps.

We demonstrate Rabi flopping at MHz rates between ground hyperfine states of neutral 87Rb atoms that are trapped in two micron sized optical traps. Using tightly focused laser beams we demonstrate high fidelity, site specific Rabi rotations with cross talk on neighboring sites separated by 8 microm at the level of 10(-3). Ramsey spectroscopy is used to measure a dephasing time of 870 micros, which is approximately 5000 longer than the time for a pi/2 pulse.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Longitudinal ruptures of polyester knitted vascular prostheses.

AIM: The purpose of the study was the characterization of a type of rupture occurring on warp-knitted polyester vascular prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 20 cases of warp-knitted polyester vascular prostheses that were explanted from humans that showed a longitudinal rupture as a part of a collaborative retrieval program. All the prostheses were immediately fixed in a 10% formaldehyde solution after their explantation in the operating room. The clinical data of these cases were recorded. The explants were photographed, washed to eliminate the surrounding tissues, and photographed again. The ruptures were characterized with macroscopic examination, optical stereomicroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The mean duration of implantation of the prostheses was 16.0 +/- 3.3 years (range, 9-20.7 years). The prostheses were Cooley Double Velour (n = 15) and Microvel Double Velour (n = 5). There were 16 aortobifemoral bypass grafts, 1 aorto-biiliac, 1 aorto-aortic, 1 iliofemoral, and 1 axillobifemoral. The longitudinal ruptures occurred on two specific parts of the prostheses: the guide line (6 cases) and the remeshing line (11 cases). In three cases both lines were affected. Scanning electron microscopy showed major degradation of the trilobar filaments of the velour and gradual ruptures of the flat filaments of the remeshing and guide lines. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we have identified a specific mechanism of late (9-20 years) longitudinal rupture of knitted polyester prostheses consisting of degradation of the polyester filaments along the remeshing and guide lines that run the length of the graft.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed2001

Occurrence of metronidazole and imipenem resistance among Bacteroides fragilis group clinical isolates in Hungary.

During the period between 1987 and 1997, various surveillances of the antibiotic resistance of B. fragilis group isolates revealed that practically all the isolates tested were susceptible to imipenem, metronidazole and chloramphenicol; very few isolates (2.5%) exhibited resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. However, similarly as in some southern European countries, the percentages of the isolates that were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and clindamycin were high throughout this period, and the resistance to cefoxitin increased from 6% to 16%. In 2000, isolates with intermediate or high resistance to imipenem and isolates with increased MICs to metronidazole were emerging among the clinical isolates of B. fragilis. The presence of the cfiA gene was demonstrated by PCR in 7 of 242 isolates (2.9%); 2 of them with high MICs to carbapenems harboured the IS942 element immediately upstream of the resistance genes. In the 2 B. fragilis isolates with increased MICs to metronidazole, the nim gene could be detected by PCR. The IS1186 element was found in these isolates upregulating the metronidazole resistance gene.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence of the carbapenemase gene (cfiA) among clinical and normal flora isolates of Bacteroides species in Hungary.

The carbapenemase gene (cfiA) was detected in 4 (5.7%) of 70 clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis from different parts of Hungary. Among 24 other Bacteroides species isolated from infectious processes or from normal faecal flora, none was cfiA-positive. The MIC of imipenem and meropenem for all cfiA-positive B. fragilis isolates was < or =0.25 mg/L, but 17% of the B. fragilis and 46% of the non-fragilis Bacteroides isolates exhibited reduced susceptibility to imipenem (MICs 0.5-2 mg/L). Only one of these isolates produced increased levels of beta-lactamase. No difference was observed in the outer-membrane proteins of B. fragilis isolates that harboured the cfiA gene and those with reduced susceptibility to imipenem.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1999

Impregnated polyester arterial prostheses: performance and prospects.

Impregnated polyester arterial prostheses have gained wide acceptance by most vascular surgery teams, probably because these prostheses are easy to use, without any preclotting. We offer here a synthesis of the main studies that have appraised the experimental and clinical performance of these prostheses, and we delineate their major prospects.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

States of identity: a perspective drawing upon Fordham's model and infant studies.

This paper examines the Jungian concept of identity and distinguishes it from projective identification and participation mystique, which also refer to nondifferentiation between self and object but involve projective mechanisms. Clinical work by Fordham and a psychoanalytic infant observation are used to illustrate early perceptual operations defined by experimental researches. These operations are understood to be expressions of the primary self which manifest themselves before the structuring necessary for normal projective identification. This paper attempts to describe an intersubjective experience between mother and baby that allows for their separate ways of relating, but does not depend on projective mechanisms that can exist only after there has been adequate development.

Child Development↗
PubMed1997

Adjoint modular Galois representations and their Selmer groups.

In the last 15 years, many class number formulas and main conjectures have been proven. Here, we discuss such formulas on the Selmer groups of the three-dimensional adjoint representation ad(phi) of a two-dimensional modular Galois representation phi. We start with the p-adic Galois representation phi0 of a modular elliptic curve E and present a formula expressing in terms of L(1, ad(phi0)) the intersection number of the elliptic curve E and the complementary abelian variety inside the Jacobian of the modular curve. Then we explain how one can deduce a formula for the order of the Selmer group Sel(ad(phi0)) from the proof of Wiles of the Shimura-Taniyama conjecture. After that, we generalize the formula in an Iwasawa theoretic setting of one and two variables. Here the first variable, T, is the weight variable of the universal p-ordinary Hecke algebra, and the second variable is the cyclotomic variable S. In the one-variable case, we let phi denote the p-ordinary Galois representation with values in GL2(Zp[[T]]) lifting phi0, and the characteristic power series of the Selmer group Sel(ad(phi)) is given by a p-adic L-function interpolating L(1, ad(phik)) for weight k + 2 specialization phik of phi. In the two-variable case, we state a main conjecture on the characteristic power series in Zp[[T, S]] of Sel(ad(phi) [symbol, see text] nu-1), where nu is the universal cyclotomic character with values in Zp[[S]]. Finally, we describe our recent results toward the proof of the conjecture and a possible strategy of proving the main conjecture using p-adic Siegel modular forms.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Activity of 2-azaspiro[4.5]decane-6-carboxylates as GABA-uptake inhibitors.

Novel GABA analogous spirocyclic amino acid esters 7a-d and 8a-d were prepared and investigated for interaction with GABA-A and GABA-B receptors as well as the GABA uptake system. Starting from known bromoethyl lactones 1 or 2 and arylalkylamines spirocyclic hydroxyalkyl lactams 3a-d and 4a-d were obtained and reduced by LiAlH4 to yield spirocyclic hydroxymethyl pyrrolidines 5a-d and 6a-d. Oxidation by Jones reagent followed by subsequent esterification gave the title compounds 7a-d and 8a-d which represent conformationally restricted analogues of GABA. Whereas the new spirocyclic amino acid esters 7a-d and 8a-d showed no activity at GABA receptors they proved to be active as GABA uptake inhibitors. An examination of the relationship between structure and GABA uptake inhibition revealed a strong dependence of activity upon the length of the alkyl chain in N-arylalkyl substituents and upon the ring size of underlying spirocyclic system.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Concurrent cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and myeloradiculopathy in Sjögren's syndrome.

A 41-year-old woman complained of severe headaches and developed quadriparesis and neurogenic bladder. Evaluation disclosed the presence of Sjögren's syndrome complicated by myeloradiculopathy with MRI evidence of cervical cord involvement. Concurrent cerebral venous sinus thrombosis was also noted. Treatment with steroids and warfarin led to clinical improvement and resolution of MRI findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The primary self and related concepts in Jung, Klein, and Isaacs.

In this paper, I have tried to re-examine my understanding of early psychic processes and contents. This has involved comparing and contrasting the ideas of Jung, Klein, Isaacs, and Fordham, with an emphasis on the contributions of Fordham. Fordham's postulate of a primary self that deintegrates and reintegrates is a model of the mind that combines structure and dynamics, and which, moreover, helps to describe what is observed in infant observations and infant research. Infant observation has been used to illustrate these concepts, and clinical material used to show how the same concepts can be used to describe impairments to psychic development. To pursue this study I have had to construct for myself models that describe and explain. I am aware that they are just as inaccurate as they might be accurate, because they imply that there is an answer to the questions I am asking, and that there is a way of describing and explaining what 'the answer' is. 'Nature is always too strong for principle', wrote Hume (Hume 1751, p. 121), and this is particularly true of the ultimately unknowable self.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1990

Liver transplantation. Initial experience in the Veterans Administration.

The Veterans Administration entered the clinical liver transplant field in 1983 and continued its program through July 1988. During this time interval, from the 172 Veterans Administration Medical Centers in the United States, 146 contact calls were initiated to the single center authorized to do liver transplants for the Veterans Administration. One hundred one (69%) of these contact calls resulted in a patient evaluation. Of the 101 patients evaluated, 77 (76%) were accepted for liver transplantation (OLTx). Of these 77, 67 (87%) were transplanted. The reasons for denial of transplant evaluation were numerous and included metastatic cancer, active alcoholism, homosexuality, and a variety of concurrent medical problems. The reasons for denying liver transplantation after evaluation were similar and included concurrent medical problems that contraindicated transplantation (N = 14), metastatic cancer (N = 6), and liver disease of insufficient severity to justify transplantation (N = 3). The number of transplants performed annually by the Veterans Administration increased from one in 1983 to 21 in 1988. Seventeen second grafts and two third grafts were transplanted in 17 cases, resulting in a retransplant rate of 22%; 46% of the patients receiving a second graft survived. None of those receiving three grafts survived. The reasons for retransplantation included acute and/or chronic rejection (N = 6), hepatic artery thrombosis (N = 5), primary graft failure (N = 4), recurrent cancer (N = 2), fulminant hepatitis and portal venous emboli (one each). A total of 45 transplanted patients are still alive (67% of those transplanted).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[An empiric study of postpartum states using Lüscher's color test].

In order to map the mental state in the early puerperium the authors gave to a group of 100 women for five days after delivery Lüscher's colour test. Based on the assembled data a tentative average norm for the post-partum state was elaborated: 54312067 (i.e. violet, yellow, red, blue, green, grey, brown, black). Deviations from the norm were found in the following groups of parturient women: Caesarean sections 31540276 (p less than 0.05, n = 9), single and divorced 34512067 (NS), duration of the first stage of labour more than 360 mins. 51423067 (p less than 0.01, n = 29) or less than 180 mins. 34512067 (p less than 0.001, n = 22), more than one delivery 34512067 (p less than 0.01, n = 52) and university graduates 43152607 (p less than 0.001, n = 31). The above norm could be used after verification on a more numerous population group as a simple diagnostic means of unsatisfactory experience during the early puerperium.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Childhood deafness: compensatory deintegration of the self.

The primary self postulated by Fordham draws upon both psychic and bodily structures to unfold needs and potentials in the external world. In this paper I have presented some thoughts on the role of the ear and of hearing in bringing the neonate into relationship with its mother and broader environment in early deintegrative processes. The ear serves as an important organ not only in receiving sound, but also in orientating the neonate in relation to the world and to its mother's body, and perceiving and sustaining a sense of self. When in infancy the sense of hearing is lost, the spontaneous activities of the self appear to operate in a compensatory way, enhancing the operations of viable organs of perception. This speculation was drawn from a series of observations of a deaf baby girl. The most significant negative result of deafness is the way it affects body image. Deaf children feel not only different about not being able to hear and speak like others, but, far more profoundly, also excluded from the intercourse between others, living on an everyday basis with the primal scene predominant in the mind. The nature of this experience, as I have tried to show, was illustrated by material from work with a profoundly deaf girl.

Body Image↗
PubMed1987

Effect of small bowel resection on the intestinal surface acid microclimate in the rat.

The effect of extensive (65%) proximal and middle small bowel resection on the intestinal surface acid microclimate (ISAM) of the remaining ileum in the rat was examined and the results were compared to those of sham-operated rats. ISAM pH measurements were performed in vivo using a pH microelectrode; incubation was performed in Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer (pH 7.40 +/- 0.02). In the resected rats, ISAM pH of 6.03 +/- 0.07 and 7.22 +/- 0.03 were recorded in the proximal and distal part of the remaining ileum, respectively. In the sham-operated rats, ISAM pH of 6.04 +/- 0.07, 6.98 +/- 0.03 and 7.28 +/- 0.02 were recorded in the proximal jejunum and in the proximal and distal part of the corresponding ileal segment. ISAM pH was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in the proximal part of the remaining ileum of the resected rats as compared to the corresponding part in the sham-operated rats but was similar in distal ileum. In fact, the ISAM pH of the proximal part of the remaining ileum of resected rats was as acidic as that of the jejunum of the sham-operated rats. These results clearly demonstrate that adaptation in the ISAM occurs in the remaining ileum following extensive resection of proximal and middle small intestine.

Animals↗