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Biomedical subjects

E Uchida

Publications and source records attributed to E Uchida.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Induction of serum haptoglobin by administration of ethionine to cows.

In order to assess the association of cow serum haptoglobin with fatty liver, haptoglobin concentrations were evaluated by single radial immunodiffusion in sera from cows after administration of ethionine (an analogue of methionine). Haptoglobin concentrations were found to be increased in the sera of the ethionine-administered cows. This result suggests that the induction of haptoglobin is associated in the pathogenesis of fatty liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Appearance of haptoglobin in serum from cows at parturition.

Haptoglobin (Hp) concentrations were evaluated in 42 cow sera at around parturition by single radial immunodiffusion using anti-cow Hp rabbit serum. At parturition, Hp was detected in 31 of 42 cows. The detection rate (74%) was significantly higher than those before (0-10%) and after parturition (5-21%). At parturition, serum concentrations of cortisol and non-esterified fatty acids were significantly higher than those before and after parturition. A significantly lower concentration of serum triglycerides at parturition, compared to the values before parturition, was also observed. From these results, Hp is considered to be associated with fatty liver development of cows, because fatty liver particularly occurs in the peripartum period.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of estradiol administration and subsequent nonfeeding on liver estrogen receptor, serum apolipoprotein B-100, and serum triglycerides concentrations in steers.

Estradiol was administered to 3 steers (0.12 mg/kg of body weight/d for 14 consecutive days), followed by 2 days of nonfeeding (starvation). During estradiol administration, liver nuclear estrogen receptor and serum apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100), as well as serum triglycerides concentrations were increased, compared with values before administration. Starvation, together with interruption of estradiol administration, resulted in rapid decreases of the receptor, serum apoB-100, and serum triglycerides concentrations, and increase of nonesterified fatty acids concentration. Of the 3 steers, 2 had higher liver triglyceride content, compared with values before treatment. In the control group (3 steers that received vehicle alone, then starved similarly), these concentrations, except for serum nonesterified fatty acids and triglycerides concentrations after starvation, were not changed. In another experiment, serum apoB-100 concentration in dairy cows was significantly (P < 0.05) lower at parturition than values before and after parturition. These results indicate that estradiol may be involved in development of fatty liver in cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Two cases of improved quality of life with intra-arterial infusion of CDDP or unresectable gallbladder and pancreatic cancer].

The prognosis of patients with advanced gallbladder and pancreatic cancers is poor. Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy with CDDP was imported in patients with unresectable gallbladder cancer (First case) and pancreatic cancer (Second case). The values of CEA and CA 19-9 were reduced after chemotherapy in the first case, but the CA 19-9 level was not reduced in the second case. Their hospital free survival (HFS) has been more than one year and they could return to their respective occupations. QOL was thought to be improved when considering their HFS. Intra-arterial infusion of CDDP might be one of the multimodal therapies to improve QOL for patients with unresectable gallbladder and pancreatic cancers.

Cisplatin↗
PubMed1993

[Study on proliferating potential by Ag-NORs staining in human pancreatic carcinoma].

NORs (Nucleolar Organizer Regions) are loops of DNA encoding ribosomal RNA, which reflect cellular activity. The Ag-NORs staining was applied to paraffin sections of 10 normal pancreas, 10 chronic pancreatitis and 23 pancreatic cancer, with 17 gastric and 18 colonic cancers. We calculated the mean Ag-NORs number and Ag-NORs index, and defined T/N ratio. The mean Ag-NORs number was compared with the data obtained by Flow cytometry (FCM) in pancreatic carcinoma. A significant difference in Ag-NORs index was found between benign (normal: 1.86 +/- 0.38, pancreatitis: 2.14 +/- 0.53) and malignant tissues (4.02 +/- 1.19) of the pancreas (p < 0.01). Compared with the data by FCM, there was a significant correlation between the mean Ag-NORs number and the percentage of S-phase cells in pancreatic carcinoma (r = 0.59, p < 0.01). Ag-NORs index in pancreatic carcinoma showed significantly lower value than that in cancer of stomach (6.35 +/- 1.32) and colon (7.66 +/- 1.35), but there was no difference in T/N ratio among them. In conclusion, the Ag-NORs staining is useful for analyzing proliferating activity in pancreatic carcinoma. The proliferating potential in pancreatic carcinoma is lower than that in gastric and colonic ones. This may be due to the low proliferating potential of the background mucosa from which pancreatic carcinoma will arise.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1992

Auditory event-related potential (P300) in relation to peripheral nerve conduction in workers exposed to lead, zinc, and copper: effects of lead on cognitive function and central nervous system.

By measuring auditory event-related potential (P300 and N100) and peripheral nerve conduction velocities, the subclinical effects of lead, zinc, and copper on the central and peripheral nervous system were examined in 22 male gun metal foundry workers exposed to these metals. Their blood lead (BPb) concentrations ranged from 12 to 59 micrograms/dl (median 30). Control subjects were 14 healthy workers, employed at the same factory, who had never been occupationally exposed to these metals. In the gun metal foundry workers, the latencies of P300 and N100 were significantly prolonged; the latency of P300 was significantly correlated with BPb concentrations and other indicators of lead absorption. Similarly, the maximal motor and sensory conduction velocities in the radial and median nerves were significantly slowed, and were significantly correlated with indicators of lead absorption. The data suggest that lead exposure at low levels affects cognitive and central auditory nervous system function together with peripheral nerve conduction.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A simplified approach for evaluation of hepatic drug-oxidizing activity with a simultaneous determination of caffeine and trimethadione and their demethylated metabolites in rats with a selective cytochrome P-450 inducer.

We determined the blood concentrations of caffeine (CA) and its three primary dimethylxanthine metabolites: theobromine (TB), paraxanthine (PX), and theophylline (TP), and trimethadione (TMO) and its demethylated metabolite dimethadione (DMO) after the simultaneous administration of CA (10 mg kg-1) and TMO (4 mg kg-1) to rats pretreated with phenobarbital (PB:40 and 80 mg kg-1 i.p. daily for 3 days) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC: 10 and 20 mg kg-1 i.p. daily for 2 days). After the oral administration of CA and TMO, the PB-pretreated rats showed a significant increase in TMO metabolism, whereas the CA metabolism was greatly accelerated in rats pretreated with MC. In five pretreated groups, there were correlations which were determined 1 h after the administration of CA and TMO, between the plasma half-life (t1/2) of CA and the TB/CA, PX/CA, and TP/CA ratios. The coefficients of correlation (r) ranged from -0.881 to -0.908, and the coefficients of correlation between the CL of CA and the TB/CA, PX/CA, and TP/CA ratios ranged from 0.959 to 0.989. There were high correlations between the t1/2 of TMO and the DMO/TMO ratio at 1 h after administration with r = -0.966, and between the CL of TMO and the DMO/TMO ratio with r = 0.971. The above results suggest that one blood sampling after the simultaneous administration of CA and TMO enables prediction of the degree of each hepatic drug-oxidizing activity because the P-450 isozymes involved in metabolism of CA and TMO are different.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Leiomyosarcoma of the esophagus: report of a case and preoperative evaluation by CT scan, endoscopic ultrasonography and angiography.

A case of esophageal leiomyosarcoma, for which CT scan, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and angiography were employed for preoperative diagnosis is reported. CT scan identified an exophytic mass which had no rim-enhancement in the lower end of the esophagus. EUS revealed a homogeneous mass originating from the muscularis propria. Angiography showed a mildly hypervascular tumor. Histologically, the resected specimen was a leiomyosarcoma. These results suggest that the evaluation by EUS combined with CT scan and angiography is useful in differentiating smooth muscle tumors from other submucosal tumors.

Angiography↗
PubMed1992

Socioeconomic factors affecting the longevity of the Japanese population: a study for 1980 and 1985.

The effects of urbanisation, low income and rejuvenation of the population on life expectancy at birth and at 20, 40 and 65 years of age for males and females in Japan were examined twice, in 1980 and 1985. For males, urbanisation was the major factor determining life expectancy at birth and at age 20 years, and low income was the key determinant of decreased life expectancy except at 65 years of age. For females high income was the factor significantly decreasing life expectancy at 65 years of age in 1980, and rejuvenation of the population inversely influenced life expectancy except at birth in 1985. Life expectancy for all age groups in 1985 was significantly longer than in 1980 for both males and females.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Galloyl-oxypaeoniflorin, suffruticosides A, B, C, and D, five new antioxidative glycosides, and suffruticoside E, A paeonol glycoside, from Chinese moutan cortex.

Five new antioxidative glycosides named galloyl-oxypaeoniflorin, suffruticosides A, B, C, and D, and a new paeonol glycoside named suffruticoside E have been isolated from Chinese Moutan Cortex, the root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa ANDREWS, together with antioxidative galloyl-paeoniflorin. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidences. Galloyl-oxypaeoniflorin, galloyl-paeoniflorin, suffruticosides A, B, C, and D showed more potent radical scavenging and antioxidative effects than alpha-tocopherol.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1992

Thunberginols A, B, and F, new antiallergic and antimicrobial principles from hydrangeae dulcis folium.

Six new antiallergic and antimicrobial principles, thunberginols A, B, C, D, E, and F, were isolated from Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium, the fermented and dried leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla SERINGE var. thunbergii MAKINO. The chemical structures of thunberginols A, B, and F have been determined on the basis of chemical and physiocochemical evidence. Thunberginols A, B, and F showed more potent antiallergic activity than phyllodulcin, hydrangenol, and AA-861 in the in vitro test using the Schults-Dale reaction in sensitized guinea pig bronchial muscle. Thunberginols A, B, and F also exhibited antimicrobial activity against oral bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Thunberginols C, D, and E, new antiallergic and antimicrobial dihydroisocoumarins, and thunberginol G 3'-O-glucoside and (-)-hydrangenol 4'-O-glucoside, new dihydroisocoumarin glycosides, from Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium.

New antiallergic and antimicrobial dihydroisocoumarins, thunberginols C, D, and E, were isolated from Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium, the fermented and dried leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla SERINGE var. thunbergii MAKINO, together with new dihydroisocoumarin glycosides, thunberginol G 3'-O-glucoside and (-)-hydrangenol 4'-O-glucoside. Their chemical structures have been determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Thunberginols C, D, E, G, and (-)-hydrangenol 4'-O-glucoside showed antiallergic activity in the in vitro bioassay using the Schults-Dale reaction in sensitized guinea pig bronchial muscle, and they also exhibited antimicrobial activity against oral bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Acute effects of alcohol on cognitive function and central nervous system assessed by auditory event-related potentials.

To clarify which sites of the central nervous system are influenced by acute administration of alcohol at an early stage, auditory event-related potentials (ERP) using a target-selection paradigm were measured in 13 healthy volunteers. In the recorded waveforms of ERPs, the N100, P165, N200 and P300 latencies for the target tone and the N100 and P200 latencies for the non-target tone were determined in each subject before and 1- and 2-hr after ingestion of 200 ml of alcohol (containing 25% ethanol) or of 200 ml of water, for a total of six times on two different days. The P300 latency was significantly prolonged at 1- and 2-hr after alcohol ingestion; and, the N200 latency was significantly prolonged at 2-hr after alcohol ingestion. The 2-hr alteration in the P300 latency after alcohol ingestion was positively correlated with the ethanol dose per body weight. These data suggest that ethanol, in proportion to its dose, affects cognitive function estimated by the P300 latency earlier than other lower central nervous system functions. Evaluating subclinical effects on central nervous function, using the ERPs, of environmental neurotoxins such as organic solvents, researchers should pay particular attention not only to the degree of the drinking habit but also to the interval between the measurement and alcohol intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Simplified approach for evaluation of hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity with a simultaneous measurement of caffeine and its primary demethylated metabolites in carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated rats.

1. Prediction of hepatic injury from changes in blood concentrations of caffeine (CA) and its three primary metabolites (theobromine: TB; paraxanthine: PX; theophylline; TP) after CA administration has been studied in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated rats. 2. The plasma half-life (t1/2) of CA (10 mg/kg, oral) was increased, and total body clearance (CL) decreased, in CCl4-treated rats; the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) was relatively unchanged. 3. The ratios of CA to the three metabolites (TB/CA, PX/CA, TP/CA) were significantly decreased compared to those of controls. 4. There were good correlations between the ratios of TB/CA, PX/CA, and TP/CA and CL of CA (TB/CA; r = 0.944 at 1 h, r = 0.942 at 2 h: PX/CA; r = 0.974 at 1 h, r = 0.923 at 2 h: TP/CA; r = 0.866 at 1 h, r = 0.962 at 2 h). 5. Results indicate that it is possible to evaluate hepatic drug-oxidizing capacity by measuring the ratio of CA to its metabolites, using single blood sampling 1 or 2 h after CA administration in CCl4-intoxicated rats.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Socioeconomic factors affecting first marriage and birth rates by sex and age in the total Japanese population.

The effects of a wide variety of social, economic and demographic factors on age-specific first marriage and live birth rates in 46 Japanese prefectures were analyzed using stepwise regression analysis for 1970 and again for 1975 after classification of those twenty-two factors by factor analysis. The principal results were as follows: (1) high employment (high income) and social mobility caused by industrialization had a strongly positive influence on the first marriage and birth rates for young females, (2) rural and urban residence factors had positive effects on the marriage and birth rates for young males and females, respectively, (3) old age factor had an inverse effect on the marriage rates for both males and females over a wide range of ages, and (4) young age factor promoted the birth rate for young and middle-aged females. The characteristics of the first marriage and live birth rates in Japan were discussed in the light of these findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Ocular hypotensive effect of alpha-adrenoceptor agonist and antagonist in the conscious pigmented rabbit].

It has been reported that some of the topically-used antiglaucomatics have a central ocular hypotensive effect. In this study, the influence of topical and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of phenylephrine, clonidine, guanfacine, prazosin, yohimbine on the intraocular pressure (IOP) was investigated in the rabbit. Male pigmented rabbits were used throughout the experiments. For measurement of IOP, an applanation pneumatonograph was used. By unilateral topical administration of phenylephrine, an increase in IOP in the eye in which instillation was performed was observed. On the other hand, a slight decrease in IOP was observed by similar treatment of prazosin and yohimbine. No significant change of IOP in the contralateral eye was observed with these drugs. On the contrary, unilateral topical administration of clonidine or guanfacine decreased the IOP of both eyes. Furthermore, the decrease of IOP was more remarkable in the contralateral eye compared to the eye which received instillation. The IOP of both eyes was decreased in a dose-related fashion by i.c.v. administration of clonidine or guanfacine. The ocular hypotensive effects of clonidine were diminished by the pretreatment by i.c.v. administration with yohimbine. These results suggest that the ocular hypotensive effect of clonidine and guanfacine is due to their alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation in the central nervous system.

Administration, Topical↗