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Biomedical subjects

E Tuchais

Publications and source records attributed to E Tuchais.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Pulmonary lesions after inhalation of nitrous vapors].

Nitrous vapours are oxidants and they create fibrosing lesions in the distal bronchioles and alveoli. The degree of oedema in the initial lesion influences the development of acute respiratory failure and the prognosis in the initial term. We have seen a case of acute hypoxic interstitial pneumonia following accidental inhalation of nitrous vapours with lesions of bronchiolitis obliterans. The outcome subsequently followed the usual pattern and there was a complete cure with steroid therapy.

Bronchiolitis Obliterans↗
PubMed1993

[Fistulous pulmonary abscess in the bronchi detected by staphylococcal spondylodiscitis, with the presence of bony sequestra in the bronchial secretions].

The authors report the case of a man aged 70 who was admitted to hospital for staphylococcal pulmonary suppuration which occurred during the long-term follow-up for an osteosynthesis for a fractured humerus. The diagnosis of a pulmonary abscess in contiguity with a staphylococcal spondylodiscitis was only established by computed tomographic examination and the aspiration from a vertebral body. The outcome was fatal, despite appropriate antibiotic treatment, on account of the past medical history of the patient. The diagnosis might have been made by the presence of osseous sequestra in the bronchial secretions, the bronchial fistulae in contiguity with the vertebral column was confirmed at autopsy.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Cyanide and thiocyanate blood levels in patients with renal failure or respiratory disease.

Whole blood cyanide and plasma thiocyanate were measured by a headspace gas chromatographic method and a colorimetric method, respectively, in 16 healthy subjects, in 10 patients with respiratory disease and in 12 patients on chronic dialysis for renal failure. In healthy subjects, whole blood cyanide and plasma thiocyanate concentrations were significantly higher in smokers (1.8 +/- 0.4 mumol/l; 206 +/- 74 mumol/l) than in non-smokers (0.8 +/- 0.4 mumol/l; 74 +/- 19 mumol/l). In renal failure patients on hemodialysis, no difference was noted in cyanide levels (0.6 +/- 0.4 mumol/l), but there was a significant increase in plasma thiocyanate levels during the interdialysis period (62 +/- 24 mumol/l; 91 +/- 24 mumol/l). No difference in cyanide and thiocyanate levels of patients with respiratory disease was seen, in agreement with a weak pulmonary elimination of cyanide.

Cyanides↗
PubMed1987

Forced expirations in normal subjects. Is the shape of the flow rate curve related to existence of a wheeze?

The flow rate curve takes different shapes during forced expirations performed by normal subjects. In some cases a wheeze may exist. In this study, we examine the conditions for appearance of a wheeze, before and after the peak flow, and the relationship between the wheeze and the shape of the flow rate curve. We analyzed ten parameters in 83 forced expirations produced by 32 normal subjects (16 men and 16 women) using multidimensional scaling techniques. Among these expirations, 53 presented a wheeze. The first two axes of the analysis define a plane on which forced expirations are divided into four quadrants. Two opposite quadrants (upper right and bottom left) contain the wheezing expirations, while the two others only have the ones with no wheezing. This distribution corresponds to specific shapes of the flow rate curve. We found that wheezes are associated with two main shapes. One of them consists of a short onset until a sharp peak, followed by a fast exponential decay. The other is about triangular, with a late appearance of the wheeze, and is only produced by women.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

An accurate recording system and its use in breath sounds spectral analysis.

An accurate recording system was set up and used for analyzing normal and asthmatic breath-sound features. Breath sounds are recorded at the trachea simultaneously with the airflow signal at 0.5- and 1-1/s levels. The study was carried out in the frequency domain using a fast-fourier transform (FFT). FFTs are taken on 1,024-sample blocks (one block = 200 ms) over a duration of about 20 s. Different characteristics of the spectra are calculated in the range 60-1,260 Hz for 11 normal and 10 asthmatic subjects. This allows the computation of an index that discriminates (P less than 0.0005) asthma cases from normal cases. Spectral features strongly depend on the flow rate both for normal and asthmatic subjects. Increasing the flow rate raises the high-frequency components of the spectra.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Measurement of respiratory resistance by forced oscillations in healthy children (author's transl)].

The measurement of respiratory resistance by forced oscillations, a theory known for over 20 years, has found a practical application by a simplification of the method. The comparison with the plethysmographic measurement of the resistance of airways in 27 healthy children shows a good correlation (r = 0,73), similarly with F.E.V1 (r = 0,78) and peak flow (r = 0,61). This technique does not require the forced expiration demanded by the measurement of F.E.V1 and peak flow and it does not need the costly equipment of body plethysmography. In this technique the causes of error are easy to detect. Its rapid execution and the absence of discomfort should make it a choice method in the functional respiratory tests in the child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Multifocal fibrosclerosis (retroperitoneal, mediastinal, mesenteric and pelvic involvement) associated with vasculitis and revealed by a livedo: clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural study in a case (author's transl)].

A 22-year-old male patient was seen with vasculitis and subcutaneous nodules on arms and legs. Discret thoracic venous dilations were noticed and venography demonstrated obstruction of the superior vena cava. Clinical and biological examination, roentgenograms revealed no sign of immunological disease but led to the diagnosis of mediastinal and retroperitoneal idiopathic fibrosis. No drug could be incriminated. Right hydronephrosis obliged to a surgical bilateral ureterolysis combined with systemic steroid therapy. Histological and ultrastructural examinations on retroperitoneal biopsies showed dense collagenous fibrosis, with vasculitis. Perivascular infiltrate was mainly composed of extravased erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Fibrin deposits were seen around implicated vessels. Direct immunofluorescence investigations were negative. These morphological features seem to be in agreement with the physiopathological hypothesis of sclerosis. No retroperitoneal or mediastinal fibrosis extension occurred three years after surgical procedure, and under corticosteroid therapy. Similar vasculitis with mediastinal and retroperitoneal idiopathic fibrosis have previously been reported in only one case by R. W. Carton and R. Wrong. Multifocal fibrosclerosis is the generic term currently used, since Comings et al. (1967), to describe a group of fibrosing conditions which affect separate organ systems. Findings suggest that retroperitoneal fibrois, mediastinal fibrosis, sclerosing cholangitis, Riedel's thyroiditis and pseudotumors of the orbit may be different manifestations of a single disease whose pathogenesis remains obscure.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A physical model of time-dependent flow in the human air passages.

A physical model of the time-dependent, homogeneous, viscous and incompressible flow in the first twelve bronchial branches is described. The anatomical data given by Weibel (1963) are used. By means of these hypotheses we obtain the following equation: Palv(t) = K1V'B(t) + K2VB2'(T), where K1 and K2 are constants which depend on bronchial geometry and Palv(t) and VB(t) are the alveolar pressure and the mouth flow rate, respectively. Some results concerning laterobronchial pressure and velocities are given.

Atmospheric Pressure↗