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Biomedical subjects

E Toma

Publications and source records attributed to E Toma.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Immunologic thrombocytopenia followed by thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in two HIV1 patients.

Two homosexual HIV1-positive male patients with thrombotic thrombopenic purpura (TTP) were found to have past history of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The first patient had ITP 10 months prior to TTP and was successfully treated by splenectomy. The second patient had ITP 32 months before TTP. No specific treatment was given for his asymptomatic ITP. Association of HIV infection to TTP seems to be frequent. These two types of purpura have different pathogenic mechanisms but share a common altered immune response to antigenic challenge. The occurrence of ITP and TTP in HIV-positive patients may lead to errors in diagnosis and therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Clindamycin/primaquine for treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS.

In an open clinical trial, 109 episodes of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (70 proven and 39 highly probable) were treated with clindamycin/primaquine. These episodes were in 35 patients who failed on standard therapy and 15 who did not tolerate standard therapy; 59 patients received this regimen as their initial treatment. The clinical outcome was excellent with only 8 cases of failures encountered (6 patients also failed on standard therapy). The onset of clinical response was obvious in less than 72 hours in 81% of patients; the relapse rate was very low. The regimen was well tolerated and compares advantageously with conventional therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Clindamycin with primaquine for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Combined therapy with clindamycin and primaquine was used in twenty-eight episodes of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 25 patients, of whom 17 had been unresponsive or intolerant to conventional treatment and 8 were being treated for the first time. The treatment was effective in all but two episodes, the main adverse reaction being a generalised maculopapular rash.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Structure--activity relationship of quinolones.

The understanding of some structure-activity relationships of quinolones allowed the development of the new fluorinated quinolones, compounds with a major clinical potential. The basic structure of these drugs consists of a substituted pyridine ring and a carboxylic acid ring. The substitution at the first position is vital for antibacterial activity, while the presence of a fluorine atom and a piperazine ring is responsible for a broader spectrum of activity and higher intrinsic potency. Further modifications at side-chains or on the ring structure provide compounds with different pharmacokinetic or/and antibacterial activity. A better understanding of these relationships and correlations with clinical results is essential for the design of new improved derivatives with therapeutic potential.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1979

Amoxycillin for parenteral use: a pharmacological and clinical evaluation.

Pharmacological studies with intramuscular amoxycillin and intramuscular ampicillin were carried out in ten patients. Serum, urine levels, urinary recovery and renal clearance of intramuscular amoxycillin were similar to intramuscular ampicillin and to oral amoxycillin. The time to peak serum concentration was later for amoxycillin. Sputum levels were higher for amoxycillin. Amoxycillin intramuscularly was more painful than ampicillin in eleven out of thirty patients. The clinical response, evaluated in twenty-five patients was good and similar to ampicillin in our experience.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Cephacetrile, a new cephalosporin: in vitro, pharmacological and clinical evaluation.

Cephacetrile, a parenteral cephalosporin, was evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity, clinical pharmacology and effectiveness in the treatment of severe infections. The antibacterial activity against 187 isolates was determined by an agar-dilution technique. The MICs were 0.06 to 0.5 mug/ml for Group A Streptococcus, D. pneumoniae, and Staph. aureus, 4-6 mug/ml for E. coli and Klebsiella-Enterobacter 8-32 mug/ml for Pr. mirabilis and more than 500 mug/ml for Ps. aeruginosa. A few strains of Klebsiella and E. coli had MICs of more than 125 mcg/ml. Serum levels after 0.5 and 1 g of i.m. cephacetrile were respectively 14.6 and 18.6 mug/ml after 1 hr, and 1.5 and 2.5 mug/ml after 6 hr. Serum levels after i.v. infusion of 0.5 and 1 g were respectively 16 and 25 mug/ml after 1 hr., and 1 and 2 mug/ml after 6 hr. Urine levels after 0.5 and 1 g i.m. cephacetrile were respectively 500 and 650 mug/ml in the 0-3 hr period, and 250 and 300 mug/ml in the 3-6 hr period. Renal clearance was 166 +/- 5 ml/min/1.73 m2; renal excretion was about 20% of the dose 6 hr after i.m. injection. Cephacetrile was well tolerated when administered i.m. with lidocaine. Mild phlebitis occurred sometimes after i.v. infusions. The clinical response, evaluated in 36 patients with severe systemic, respiratory and urinary infections, was good in all but two cases.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1975

Medium-long incubation posttransfusional hepatitis (a possible immunological implication).

Icteric hepatitis which developed in the first 6 months after blood transfusion was studied in 159 cases. One fourth of these (39) occurred within a period of only 15 days: between the 30th and 45th day after transfusion. So, their incubation period was longer than that of short incubation hepatitis (type A), and shorter than that of long incubation hepatitis (type B). In these cases the incidence of HBs antibodies was more than 10 times greater than in hepatitis with long incubation, and the incidence of HBs antigen was approximately the same as in the healthy control group. This fact suggests the involvement of a special factor in their appearance, probably an immunologic (or of other nature) process giving rise to antigen-antibody complexes in the HB ag-ab system.

Antibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic value of the CD4+ T cell count for HIV-1 infected patients with advanced immunosuppression.

The prognostic value of the CD4+ T cell count is not clearly established for HIV-1 infected patients with an advanced immunosuppression. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between CD4+ T cell counts and survival in patients with less than 50 CD4+ T cells per mm3 (/mm3). We examined an historical cohort of 97 patients with 2 consecutive CD4+ T cells determinations < 50/mm3 within 3 months, followed at a university hospital of the University of Montreal. The proportion of men was 93% with 74% being homo/bisexual. The means of the 2 CD4+ T cell counts/mm3 were 25 and 25.1 respectively. Median survival after the first CD4+ T cell count < 50 CD4+ T cells/mm3 was 15.2 months. Using the proportional hazard model, the median survival of patients with 2 consecutive CD4+ T cell counts < or = 20/mm3 was 9.3 months compared to 19.2 for those with 20-50 CD4+ T cells/mm3 (P < 0.0001). It seems then, that the CD4+ T cell count is a helpful prognostic marker, even in very immunosuppressed patients. Its prognostic value is more accurate if the measurement is replaced within 1-3 months because of high variability at this level of immunosuppression.

Adult↗