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Biomedical subjects

E Tokunaga

Publications and source records attributed to E Tokunaga.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Overexpression of the MTA1 gene in gastrointestinal carcinomas: correlation with invasion and metastasis.

The mta1 gene is a recently identified novel candidate metastasis-associated gene. The deduced amino acid sequence contains an src homology-3 domain binding motif, a zinc finger motif and possible phosphorylation sites, suggesting that this gene is involved in signal transduction or regulation of gene expression. The purpose of our study was to examine the mRNA expression levels of the MTA1, the human homologue of the rat mta1 gene in colorectal and gastric carcinomas and thus to evaluate the relevance of the expression of this gene to human carcinoma progression. The expression of MTA1 mRNA in 36 colorectal and 34 gastric carcinoma samples was compared with that in corresponding normal mucosa tissues by semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the results were compared with clinico-pathologic data. A relative overexpression of MTA1 mRNA (tumor/normal ratio > or = 2) was observed in 14 of 36 (38.9%) colorectal carcinomas and 13 of 34 (38.2%) gastric carcinomas. Clinico-pathologic correlations demonstrated that in colorectal carcinomas, tumors overexpressing MTA1 mRNA exhibited a significantly deeper wall invasion and a higher rate of metastasis to lymph nodes, and tended to be at an advanced Dukes' stage with frequent lymphatic involvement. In gastric carcinomas, the tumors overexpressing MTA1 mRNA showed significantly higher rates of serosal invasion and lymph node metastasis and tended to have a higher rate of vascular involvement. Our data suggest that overexpression of the MTA1 gene correlates with tumor invasion and the presence of metastases and that a high expression of MTA1 mRNA may be a potential indicator for assessing the malignant potential of colorectal and gastric carcinomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[A case of sarcoidosis presenting with Heerfordt's syndrome, associated with hepatosplenomegaly, pleural effusion, and ascites].

A 30-year-old female developed symptoms consistent with Heerfordt's syndrome (complete type) and was effectively treated with steroid. However, she developed hepatosplenomegaly, bloody pleural effusion, and ascites one year after discontinuation of steroid therapy. The symptoms were considered to be due to sarcoidosis since serum ACE level, and ACE level and OKT4/8 ratio in pleural and peritoneal effusions were significantly elevated, and readministration of steroid normalized these changes. Bloody pleural and peritoneal effusions are very rare complications of sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of anti-HCV antibody in blood donors in the Tokyo area.

Prospective studies of posttransfusion hepatitis carried out in the past decade showed that 18.1% of the blood transfusions resulted in non-A non-B hepatitis in Japan. As an approach to the prevention of posttransfusion non-A non-B hepatitis (PTNANB), anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) positivity was measured in 2,970 blood donations in the Tokyo area, and in 200 children aged between 6 and 15 years. Thirty-four cases were anti-HCV-positive, showing an overall positivity of 1.14%. None of the 200 children younger than 15 years old were positive. Correlation of anti-HCV positivity with the serum ALT levels was observed, but by reducing the accepted ALT levels from 35 Karmen Units (KU) down to 25 KU, it is estimated that 62.5% of the observed PTNANB would still have occurred, and 5.1% of the donated blood could not be used for transfusion. On the other hand, it is estimated that the majority of PTNANB could be prevented, with the loss of 1.14% of donated blood units, using the anti-HCV screening test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Ciliocytophthoria (ccp) in nasopharyngeal smear from patients with acute tonsillitis.

Ciliocytophthoria (ccp) in nasal or nasopharyngeal secretion from the patients with acute tonsillitis, acute rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis was studied. The ratio of the presence of ccp among acute tonsillitis, acute rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis was compared. Acute tonsillitis had a much more positive ccp test than other diseases. This might be related to the anatomical feature of palatine tonsil having a complicated hollow-crypt. The presence of Haemophilus influenzae was the most frequent in patients with positive ccp test. Further study will be necessary to determine possible relationship between viral infection and bacteria or endotoxin from bacteria.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Increase in intradermal vascular permeability caused by pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis.

Rabbits that were injected intradermally with pertussis toxin (PT), produced from Bordetella pertussis, showed slight edema and erythema at the injection sites, but not hemorrhage nor necrosis. The edema lesions were stained blue by the intravenous injection of Pontamine Sky Blue 6B dye, suggesting that PT caused increased vascular permeability, similarly to the permeability factor (PF) of cholera toxin. The reaction of the PF of PT could be determined by measuring the diameter of the blue area. The diameter of the blue area bore a good linear relationship to the logarithm of the dose of PT. The activity of the PF was neutralized by anti-PT rabbit serum. Detoxification of PT with formalin did not increase the vascular permeability, but reverted pertussis toxoid showed a PF reaction in proportion to the reverted leukocytosis-promoting and histamine-sensitizing activities of PT. The supernate of a Bordetella pertussis culture also induced a PF reaction and the reaction could be made clear by heating the supernate at 56 C for 30 min, but the supernate of Bordetella bronchiseptica did not induce the reaction at all.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A monoclonal antibody with broad reactivity to human interferon-alpha subtypes useful for purification of leukocyte-derived interferon.

A monoclonal antibody to human interferon-alpha, termed HT-1 antibody, with a broad reactivity to various subtypes of interferon-alpha was prepared. It bound and neutralized all of the four subtypes of E. coli-derived human recombinant interferon-alpha (alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 4, and alpha 6) tested; it also neutralized human natural leukocyte interferon but only partially. Human interferon-beta and -gamma were not bound. The antibody conjugated to Sepharose beads retained over 90% of human leukocyte interferon induced by Sendai virus. The bound interferon was recovered by acid elution in good yields and in almost pure form (specific activity was about 2 X 10(8) international units/mg protein). The purified interferon showed, in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, an activity profile with major peaks in a mol. wt. range of 17,000-22,000, which completely agreed with the profile shown by polyclonal antibody-purified interferon. Such purified leukocyte interferon-alpha preparations containing most of the naturally occurring subtypes can be useful for clinical and other purposes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

HLA polymorphisms in a Han Chinese population of Sichuan.

This study reports the phenotype frequencies (PF) and gene frequencies (GF) of a homogeneous Sichuan Han Chinese population by typing of unrelated 229 individuals and 16 families for HLA-A, B, C, DR and DQ antigens. The frequencies of Bw67, Bw71, DRw12, DRw13 and DRw14 are the first to be reported in Chinese. Two two-locus haplotypes with significant linkage disequilibrium among the Sichuan have also been listed.

Asian People↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of human peripheral blood leukocytes with proteases does not affect Sendai virus-induced interferon production.

Trypsinization of human peripheral blood leukocytes was found to have no effect on Sendai virus adsorption or on interferon induction by the virus. alpha-Chymotrypsin and papain also did not affect interferon induction, although the three proteases did remove part of the leukocyte surface material. In contrast, treatment of leukocytes with neuraminidase reduced virus adsorption and thoroughly abolished interferon induction. We conclude that protease-resistant structures on leukocyte surfaces serve as the receptor of Sendai virus for the induction of interferon.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1984

Compared colonizing and immunizing efficiency of toxinogenic (A+ B+) Vibrio cholerae and an A- B+ mutant (Texas Star-SR) studied in adult rabbits.

Four strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 were compared for their ability to colonize and immunize adult rabbit intestine. Three were virulent, toxinogenic (A+ B+) isolates, and one, an A- B+ mutant (Texas Star-SR), was derived by mutagenesis with nitrosoguanidine. When given orally to nonimmune rabbits, virulent strains colonized the small bowel with similar efficiency, whereas Texas Star-SR colonized poorly. Rabbits fed less than 50 CFU of an A+ B+ strain developed marked serotype-specific resistance to recolonization. In contrast, Texas Star-SR evoked resistance to reinfection less efficiently, with a minimum immunizing dose of 10(5) CFU when given once or 10(3) CFU when given twice. Oral inoculation with an A+ B+ strain also evoked vigorous, dose-dependent mucosal antitoxin responses; comparable inocula of Texas Star-SR were much less effective, causing antitoxin responses that were 90 to 95% smaller. Finally, rabbits inoculated once with 10(4) CFU of an A+ B+ strain were markedly protected against experimental cholera or fecal shedding of V. cholerae when challenged with 10,000 times the 50% effective dose of a virulent strain by the RITARD technique. In contrast, an inoculum of 10(4) CFU of Texas Star-SR was nonprotective, and 10(10) CFU was only partially protective. These studies reveal the remarkable efficiency with which virulent V. cholerae evokes intestinal immunity to recolonization or experimental cholera and show that the A- B+ mutant, Texas Star-SR, is substantially less effective.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

High-performance ion-exchange chromatography of plasma proteins.

The use of anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography columns for the analysis of plasma proteins has been investigated. Mono Q and Polyanion SI were used as anion-exchangers. Several factors, including solvent composition, pH, flow-rate, sodium chloride linear concentration gradient and sample loading capacity, were examined for their effects on the resolution of protein standards and pooled human plasma (PHP). PHP was separated into ten or more protein fractions by a Mono Q column (50 X 5 mm I.D., flow-rate 2 ml/min) within 10 min. Components analysis of each fraction was performed using immunochemical methods and size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. The Mono Q column was applied to the analysis of IgG myeloma and other patient plasma samples.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1983

Successful colonization and immunization of adult rabbits by oral inoculation with Vibrio cholerae O1.

Adult rabbits were inoculated orally (or duodenally) with virulent Vibrio cholerae O1. Jejunal colonization occurred only when hypoperistalsis was induced at the time of inoculation by tincture of opium given intraperitoneally (or by temporary ileal obstruction). For oral inoculation, prior neutralization of gastric acid was also required. Inoculation with 10(9) V. cholerae caused jejunal colonization for 1 to 2 days and ileal colonization for 5 to 6 days. The extent of small bowel colonization 18 h after oral inoculation was related to inoculum size but also reflected limited multiplication of small inoculum sizes and net death, clearance of large inoculum sizes, or both. Serious diarrhea occurred only in rabbits fed large inoculum sizes, i.e., 10(10) V. cholerae, and then rarely. Rabbits colonized once with 10(10) V. cholerae became highly resistant to recolonization with either the same or opposite serotype. After 18 weeks, these rabbits were still partially protected, whereas twice-colonized rabbits were highly protected. Protection against recolonization appeared to be due, at least partly, to interference with the adherence of V. cholerae to the bowel mucosa, thus allowing rapid removal of V. cholerae when peristalsis resumed. Prior colonization also protected against cholera-like diarrhea in rabbits challenged by the removable intestinal tie-adult rabbit diarrhea technique, the 50% effective dose for severe or lethal diarrhea being increased more than 100-fold, and probably more than 10,000-fold, for challenge with either the homologous or heterologous serotype of V. cholerae. The described rabbit model appears well suited for the study of immunity evoked by enteric colonization with V. cholerae O1.

Administration, Oral↗