Biomedical subjects

E Tirosh

Publications and source records attributed to E Tirosh.

79 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Sleep apnea in fragile X syndrome.

Seven subjects (age 6 to 21 years) with fragile X [fra(X)] were investigated for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). After a structured interview, 4 of them underwent an overnight polygraphic study. The results indicate an increased risk for OSA among subjects with fra(X) (4/7). In 2 of the subjects polygraphic study indicated a severe OSA syndrome, whereas only mild and moderate severity was evident in the other two. Apnea in all 4 was associated with significant O2 desaturation. Episodes of prolonged expiratory apnea were reported in 2 of the subjects and confirmed by the polygraphic study in one. A continuous positive airway pressure (C-PAP) trial was successful in one of the two patients. It is suggested that subjects with fra(X) are at increased risk for OSA, and physicians should orientate their evaluation with this in mind.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Predictive value of placebo methylphenidate.

The effects of methylphenidate in 20 children with attention-deficit disorder between the ages of 7 and 12 years were assessed in a double-blind, placebo/drug counterbalanced study. Measures of outcome included the Teacher Rating Scale and Abbreviated Parent Rating Scale: digits, words, and visual sequencing; motor control; and a maze test. The Teacher Rating Scale placebo-drug difference correlated more significantly with the outcome measures than the baseline-drug difference. The study underlines the validity of a multimeasure placebo/drug trial in evaluating the efficacy of methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit disorder.

Attention↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and cerebral lateralizations.

Handedness, immunologic disorders, language lateralization, reading fluency, and visual-motor achievements were assessed in 25 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and age-matched right- and left-handed normal controls. An increased rate of left-handedness in the congenital adrenal hyperplasia group was evident. The prevalence of immunologic disorders, dichotic listening patterns, and visual-motor/reading achievement ratio were more similar to left-handed and significantly different from right-handed controls. Females appeared to be more affected than males in some of the functions. These results partly support the hypothesis of intrauterine androgenic effects on hemispheric function, but not to the extent of a complete lateralization shift.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Biparietal diameter: an alternative measure of head growth in the low-birthweight infant.

Reliability and validity of biparietal diameter (BPD) compared with head circumference (HC) measurement as an index of cranial growth was assessed. A significant correlation between BPD and HC (r = 0.857; p less than 0.0001) and an interobserver reliability of 92% were found. Infants' age and sex had independent effects on BPD growth rate. Very sick infants had a lower increase in BPD rate than healthy controls. It is suggested that in sick premature infants, when the head is encumbered by various types of apparatus, this technique might prove more feasible than HC measurement.

Cephalometry↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Severe visual deficits in infancy in northern Israel: an epidemiological perspective.

The characteristics of 193 legally blind children ranging in ages from birth to 4 years were analyzed. The overall incidence was 1/1000 live births; however, the ethnic specific incidence varies. All children were diagnosed before the age of 20 months and the most frequent alerting sign was lack of visual tracking. In 33.3%, the deficit was first suspected by a family member. A genetic etiology accounted for 38% of the cohort. The relative risk for an associated handicap was significant as well as the rate of hospitalizations for apparently unassociated diseases. It appears that both prevention and early detection could be achieved by a risk index.

Blindness↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on sleep respiratory and arousal patterns in neonates.

Ten term infants who were exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy and 10 age- and sex-matched control infants participated in the study. At the age of 48 hours (+/- 10), all infants underwent a 150- to 200-minute polygraphic study in a soundproof laboratory. Respiratory and heart rates, distribution of sleep states, and oxygen saturation were comparable in the two groups. The number and length of apneic events were similarly distributed in the two groups. The proportion of obstructive apneic events followed by arousal was significantly higher in the control group especially during quiet sleep (p = 0.001). It appears that exposure to smoking during pregnancy is associated with a higher arousal threshold in term infants. This finding could be of relevance in the assessment of maternal smoking as a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome.

Apnea↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of increased environmental temperature on breathing patterns in preterm and term infants.

OBJECTIVE: This study was done to evaluate the effect of an increase in environmental temperature in healthy infants on breathing patterns during sleep. STUDY DESIGN: Ten preterm infants (mean gestational age 30.6 [SD 1.5] weeks) who reached maturity and 10 term comparison infants underwent polysomnographic studies before, during, and after exposure to raised environmental temperature. Core temperature and instances of central and obstructive apnea during active sleep and quiet sleep were recorded and compared between and within the two groups. RESULTS: At environmental temperatures between 29 degrees and 30 degrees C, both groups of infants had longer and more frequent apneic episodes than at 24 degrees C. Compared with baseline findings, in preterm infants at a postconceptional age of 38 (SD 1) weeks, the apnea index increased during quiet sleep, whereas in term infants aged 36 to 72 hours (similar postconceptional age), an increased index was observed during active sleep. CONCLUSION: A mild increase in environmental temperature has an effect on breathing patterns in both preterm (even when they have reached maturity) and term infants. However, a different response related to sleep state was observed in the two groups. We speculate that these effects may play a role in the association between a life-threatening event and elevated environmental temperature in both groups of infants.

Body Temperature↗