Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Thompson.
Rofenaid-40 administered at 0.02% in feed to chickens experimentally infected with Salmonella typhimurium resulted in less colonization and shedding of S. typhimurium than in unmedicated chickens. The antibacterial sensitivity pattern of S. typhimurium isolated from infected birds had not changed after exposure to Rofenaid for 56 days.
Successful ex vivo correction of preexcitation syndrome (Wolff-Parkinson-White type A) was performed in a donor heart before orthotopic heart transplantation. The transplant recipient recovered without incident. Postoperative electrophysiologic study confirmed successful operative ablation of the aberrant conduction pathway. Donor hearts with certain readily correctable anomalies may be considered for transplantation and thus help to lessen the shortage of donor organs.
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Stability and change in maternal identity and maternal role attainment were examined in 64 medically normal, middle-class primiparous and 58 multiparous women. Using two semantic differential scales, "Myself as Mother" and "My Baby", for maternal identity and the Pharis (1978) Self-Confidence Scale for role attainment, subjects were tested at 1 to 3 days and 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. Main effects for parity and testing occasions were found for both semantic differential scales. While mothers' attitudes toward themselves became more positive over time, those toward their babies became less positive. Self-confidence showed main effects for both time of testing and parity as well as interaction effects. Although attitudes and self-confidence were stable across testing occasions, self-confidence was less related to indicators of maternal identity for multiparas than for primiparas. Sociodemographic variables demonstrated only low correlations with indicators of maternal identity and role attainment. Testing the relationship of maternal identity and role attainment to actual parenting behaviors is needed to determine the empirical and practical import of these two concepts in nursing practice.
Relationships among subjective and behavioral components of maternal role attainment were investigated separately for 64 primiparous and 60 multiparous mothers. The influence of contextual variables on maternal behavior was also examined. Subjects were medically low risk with normal infants. Attitudes toward themselves and their infants and feelings of self-confidence were measured at 1 to 2 days and 4 to 6 weeks after delivery. At 4 to 6 weeks mothers were also videotaped performing an infant feeding at home. Tapes were rated for maternal sensitivity and responsivity. For primiparas, self-confidence was related to maternal feeding behavior as were maternal age, education, and socioeconomic class. For multiparas, only initial attitude toward self was related to maternal behavior; however, maternal age and infant size were contextual factors related to behavior. Distinctions proposed among subjective and behavioral components are in part supported by the findings of the study.
Rofenaid at a 0.02% dose level in feed was effective prophylactically and therapeutically against an experimentally induced Escherichia coli airsac infection in chickens. The activity of Rofenaid compared very favorably with that of the approved dose level of NF-180. Furthermore, the prophylactic use of Rofenaid did not interfere with the therapeutic efficacy of NF-180.
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The research on external (social system) and internal (personal) attributions to mental health outcomes for African Americans is reviewed. Although many blacks have aspirations that they are unable to achieve, the motivational and mental health consequences of this situation are unclear. Several researchers have suggested that it is adaptive for African Americans to reduce striving effort and bring personal goals more in line with the objective realities of an unfair opportunity structure. Others have proposed that because an unjust system is to blame, the most appropriate response is to work collectively with other group members to make the system more open to opportunities for advancement. Epidemiologic research on the relationship of internal-external locus of control to mental disorder has generally found that being internal has positive mental health effects; while having an external orientation is detrimental. This paper addresses these issues by demonstrating that the psychiatric-epidemiologic and the race-consciousness literatures lead to opposite predictions about the relationship of external attributions (fatalism and system blame) to mental health. The article concludes with a series of issues that need to be addressed in order to advance knowledge about social and psychological risk factors for psychiatric disorders in African Americans.