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Biomedical subjects

E Thiel

Publications and source records attributed to E Thiel.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Use of specific anti-T-lymphocyte globulin (sATG) for the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases (author's transl)].

Difficulties in the production of specific antisera against T-lymphocytes could be overcome by a stepwise absorption and purification procedure of anti-human thymocyte serum. Specific anti-T lymphocyte globulin (sATG) reacted with thymocytes, thymus-derived lymphocytes and a lymphoblastoid cell line of T-cell type whereas no activity was found against lymphoblastoid cell lines of B-cell type. Five chronic and three acute lymphatic leukemias were characterized using sATG in the cytotoxic test, electron microscopy, complement fixation test and quantitative immunoautoradiography, and compared with lymphocyte populations of normal individuals. Three chronic lymphatic leukemias with low numbers of spontaneous rosettes and high percentages of membrane-Ig-positive lymphocytes showed only few T-cell-antigen-positive lymphocytes and were therefore classified as B-cell leukemias. The cells of two chronic lymphatic leukemias with high numbers of spontaneous rosettes carried T-cell-antigen. The T-cell-antigen concentration, however, was lower than that of normal peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. The T-cell nature of two acute lymphatic leukemias with high numbers of spontaneous rosettes was confirmed by a positive reaction of the cells with sATG. In one case of acute lymphatic leukemia most leukemic cells carried T-cell-antigen although these cells did not form spontaneous rosettes. In the first two cases the T-cell-antigen concentration on the cell surface exceeded that of normal blood-T-lymphocytes, in the latter case it was slightly below that. The advantages of the characterization of leukemias with sATG in comparison with the spontaneous rosette formation and the relevance for prognosis are discussed.

Antilymphocyte Serum↗
PubMed1976

[Electronmicroscopic and immunohistochemical studies on human lymphocytes].

Lymphocytes from the blood of healthy individuals and of patients suffering from CLL were investigated by electron microscopy and peroxidase-immunohistochemistry. B-lymphocytes were labelled by heterologous, peroxidase-conjugated antisera directed against the Id-determinants of their membranes. T-lymphocytes were labelled by an indirect method: specific incubation with a specific anti-T-cell-globulin from the rabbit; labelling-incubation with a peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit-IgG-globulin from the sheep. In addition, T-lymphocytes were identified by their ability to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes spontaneously. The quantitative results were: about 80% T-lymphocytes and about 24% B-lymphocytes in normal persons, the opposite results in CLL. T- and B-lymphocytes were photographed electron microscopically; the number of organelles in the single cells was evaluated: lysosomes in the average are more numerous in T-lymphocytes, ergastoplasm in B-lymphocytes, mitochondria are equally distributed in both groups of cells. There is so much overlapping, however, that the single cell only with the aid of immunochemistry or rosette formation can be identified as a B- or T-cell. In both, the T- and the B-cell-series, different forms of lymphocytes can be distinguished according to the degree of cell differentiation. Some further problems, as specificity of the antisera and labelling of the cells by means of their Fc-receptor are discussed.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1976

[T-cell leukemias of adulthood].

9 adult patients suffering from different forms of T-cell-malignancies were investigated: 4 patients with T-ALL; 1-T-ALL-CLL mixed form (prolymphocytic); 2 T-CLL; 2 Sézary-syndrome. The clinical peculiarities of the different forms of leukemias were compared: involvement of lymph nodes and spleen, of the central nervous system and the skin was frequent; in contrast to the findings in Sézary-syndrome, bone marrow infiltration was prominent. Light and electron microscopic morphology of the malignant cells are described. In all cases a strong activity of acid phosphatase was demonstrated, in one patient prominent deposits of glycogen. The T-cell-quality of the respective malignant cell population as well as the B-T-cell distribution of the remaining "normal" lymphocytes were shown by the following cell markers: demonstration of T-cell-antigen, resp. membrane immunoglobulins with the aid of specific heterologous antisera conjugated with peroxidase, 125iodine or fluoresceine; complement consumtion or cytotoxicity with such antisera; spontaneous rosette formation with sheep red cells or with acrylic acid beads. Usually, there was a good coincidence in results obtained with the different markers. In two patients, however, T-cells demonstrated by anti-T-globulin were not able to form T-rosettes. Responsiveness of the malignant T-cells and also of the remaining "normal" blood lymphocytes to different mitogens usually was depressed, immunoglobulin levels in the blood mostly were normal. Taking all findings into consideration, T-cell-leukemias of the adult represent a special group of hematological malignancies; the different subgroups show similarities; transitional forms occur.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Quantitative immunoautoradiography at the cellular level. II. Absolute measurements using labeled standard cells as a source of reference.

A quantitative autoradiographic method is presented for determining absolute amounts of 125I-labeled compounds on the surface of individual cells. Autoradiographic evaluation of single cell radioactivity is accomplished by comparing the silver grain densities over the specimen and a radioactive standard being exposed simultaneously. In order to obtain a reference source of comparable physical properties, surface-radioiodinated human erythrocytes are used, the radioactivity of which is determined in a crystal counter. A simple enzymatic method for preparing such standard erythrocytes of very uniform label density is described. Numerous experimental advantages derived from the use of the standard are discussed and demonstrated by examples employing various exposure times and different radioactive standards. Hereby, very similar results were obtained when the number of A-antigenic sites was quantified on single erythrocytes in different experiments. The quantification of membrane-bound IgM on single human lymphocytes is shown as another application of this scheme.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1976

Methods of quantitative autoradiography using incident light microphotometry.

Several different approaches of automated grain counting of microautoradiographic grain densities have been reported in the literature. Application of grain counters to cell biology is limited, however, primarily due to shortage of methods allowing the interpretation of grain counts on a molecular basis. Two suitable methods of quantitative autoradiography at the cellular level are reviewed, developed for the isotopes 14C and 125 I. They permit evaluation of absolute radioactivity in autoradiographs and, thus, determination of synthesis processes such as deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, and of antigen densities on cell surfaces. In this approach towards quantitative autoradiography, grain densities are compared photometrically over labeled cells and over a standard source on the same autoradiograph. Allowance has to be made for the specific geometric factors of the isotope used. This can be advantageously done with an integrating type of measurement using incident light bright-field. With this type of recording, there is an exponential dependence of the photometric values on the radioactive dose. As an example of application, results are presented of the deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis rate of human myelocytes in aplastic anemia and of the immunoglobulin G density on lymphocyte membranes in the normal state and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Decrease and altered distribution of human T antigen on chronic lymphatic leukemia cells of T type, suggesting a clonal origin.

B- and T-cell markers were studied in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and erythroderma. The absence of immunoglobulin, complement receptor, and Fc receptor, and the presence of sheep erythrocyte receptor and T-cell antigen on the membrane of the leukemic cells classified them as thymus derived. Using quantitative microphotometric immunoautoradiography, surface antigen densities were measured at the cellular level with the following results: (1) The density of T-antigenic sites was less on leukemic cells compared to normal T lymphocytes. (2) The T-antigen densities of leukemic lymphocytes varied less from cell to cell forming a homogeneous peak in histograms. (3) An Ig density of normal B lymphocytes was demonstrated on the residual T-antigen-negative cells. The results were qualitatively confirmed by direct immunofluorescence and electron microscopy with peroxidase-labeled antibodies. Furthermore, the surface antigens were quantitative microcomplement fixation test which revealed reduced binding of anti-T-cell antibodies and complement, and no antiglobulin fixation on the leukemic lymphocytes. Since lymphocytes with normal T-antigen concentration could not be found among the leukemic T lymphocytes, a lack of normal T cells was assumed. The findings that there was a decrease and altered distribution of surface markers on chronic lymphatic leukemia cells of the B- and T-cell type are discussed as further arguments referring to their clonal origin.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Surface maps and myocardial scanning at rest and during exercise: comparison with coronary angiography.

The observations of surface electromaps recorded at rest and during exercise in two examplative cases are reported: the first one deals with a normal man while the second refers to a patient suffering from an old inferior myocardial infarction with bouts of angina pectoris; these surface maps are compared with myocardial scanning also performed at rest and during exercise. Special attention is devoted to the possible relation of the above described, non-invasive, techniques to the anatomical description of coronary lesions as demonstrated by coronary angiography. A close relationship is found between the surface potential distribution pattern and the area of hypofixation observed on the scan as far as the presumed location of ischemic myocardial tissue is concerned.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Quantitative 125-I-autoradiography of individual cells (author's transl)].

Iodine 125, an emitter of beta-radiation with an energy lying between that of tritium and carbon-14, is investigated for its applicability in quantitative autoradiography. Absorption and geometric factors of radiation are elucidated. From this, appropriate measuring conditions are derived. The simultaneous exposure of radioactive standard sources permits the evaluation of absolute amounts of radioactivity. Standard cells with labelled membranes are a suitable source of reference taking into account the physical properties of the isotope. Sheep red blood cells are examined for their suitability as standard cells after enzymatic radioiodination. The absolute number of antigenic substances on the surface of single cells is obtained by determining the specific activity of the labelled antibody molecules, and by measuring the silver grain densities of the cells under investigation and of the standard cells. The radioactivity per standard cell can be assessed by conventional procedures. The new method is applied to the quantification of membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecules of the IgG-type on single human lymphocytes. The determination of an immunologic saturation of the labelled antibody is essential for this purpose. On the lymphocytes of a normal person and of a patient with chronic lymphatic leukaemia quite different amounts of immunoglobulins have been evaluated.

Absorption↗
PubMed1975

Leukaemic transformation of f1-hybrid cells after inoculation of parental leukaemic cells.

An aneuploid chromosomal anomaly was observed in more than 90% of the mitoses of a spontaneous acute lymphatic leukaemia in C57BL/6J mice preserved by passage in the strain of origin since 1967. The leukaemia is strain-specific and causes the death of its recipients within 9 days. After repeated transfers within F1-hybrids tagged with the T6-marker chromosome, mitoses containing both the chromosomal anomaly of the leukaemic cells and the T6-marker of the semiallogeneic host were observed. This evidence of malignant transformation is compared to leukaemic transformation as observed after clinical bone marrow transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Bone marrow transplantation in children with aplastic anemia and acute lymphatic leukemia.

A boy with severe Aplastic Anemia (AA) and a girl with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in relapse have been grafted with marrow from HL-A identical, mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) negative siblings after appropriate immunosuppressive and antileukemic therapy. Both of them are well 7 and 2 months after transplantation respectively. Bone marrow transplantation should be considered in children with AA and ALL in relapse, if HL-A identical, MLC negative siblings are available.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1975

Quantitative immunoautoradiography at the cellular level. I. Design of a microphotometric method to quantitate membrane antigens on single cells using 125I-labeled antibodies.

Iodine-125 has become a commonly-used radioisotope, especially for immunoautoradiographic investigations. Microphotometry of grain density, a well-established method in autoradiography with tritium and carbon-14, was applied to nucleated cells with 125I-labeled membranes. Geometric and absorption factors of radiation were investigated in order to find suitable conditions for quantitative evaluation. A preparatory device is given and a set-up of appropriate measuring conditions is presented. With these prerequisites the reflected-light bright-field photometry of immunoautoradiographs permits to determine automatically the content of surface antigens of single cells. Measurement examples were demonstrated.

Animals↗