Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to E Taylor.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Ehrlichiosis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Is nitrous oxide contraindicated?

Since it has been suggested that the use of nitrous oxide (N2O) may contribute to bowel distention, we evaluated the effects of N2O on operating conditions during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 50 healthy patients using a double-blind protocol design. All patients received the same preanesthetic medication (midazolam, 2 mg intravenously) and induction of anesthesia consisted of intravenously administered fentanyl 1.5 micrograms.kg-1, thiopental 4-6 mg.kg-1, and a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant. For maintenance of anesthesia, patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: group 1 (n = 26) received isoflurane with 70% N2O in oxygen (O2), whereas group 2 (n = 24) received isoflurane in an air/O2 mixture. The surgeon (blinded to the anesthetic technique) estimated the degree of technical difficulty before beginning the operation using a five-point scale. At 15-min intervals throughout the operation, the surgeon was asked to evaluate both "overall operating conditions" and degree of "bowel distension" using independent five-point scales. At the end of the operation, the surgeon was asked whether or not N2O had been used as part of the anesthetic technique. There were no significant intraoperative differences between the two groups with respect to operating conditions or bowel distension. More importantly, there was no time-related change in either variable during the course of the operation. Finally, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was similar in both treatment groups. The surgeon was able to correctly determine that N2O had been administered only 44% of the time. Thus, N2O had no clinically apparent deleterious effects during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Hyperactivity and delay aversion--I. The effect of delay on choice.

Two experiments are reported in which hyperactive and control children repeatedly chose between small immediate and large delayed rewards. In experiment 1, the best choice option was manipulated by varying levels of delay after reward delivery. In experiment 2 it was manipulated by changing the economic constraint (10 minutes or 20 trials). Both groups were equally efficient at earning points under most conditions, but hyperactive children exhibited a maladaptive preference for the small reward under the trials constraint. The results suggest that hyperactive children were more concerned to reduce overall delay levels than either to maximize reward amount or immediacy.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1992

Hyperactivity and delay aversion--II. The effect of self versus externally imposed stimulus presentation periods on memory.

The memory of hyperactive and non-hyperactive children for "attended" and "unattended" picture cards was compared under two conditions. Under Self Imposed Presentation (SI) conditions children set their own limits on presentation time while under Externally Imposed Presentation (EI) conditions children were encouraged to spend 30 seconds attending to the cards. Hyperactive children selected shorter presentation times than non-hyperactive children and recognized fewer "attended" cards under SI conditions, while the two groups performed equally well under EI conditions. These findings suggest that a major determinant of memory deficits in hyperactivity is a self imposed limitation on presentation time rather than more specific cognitive process limitations.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1992

The effect of delay on hyperactive and non-hyperactive children's response times: a research note.

Twenty-four hyperactive and 55 non-hyperactive children made a button press after the disappearance of a stimulus presented for either 1, 15 or 30 sec. Hyperactive children's responses were generally slower than those of non-hyperactive children and increased with length of pre-response delay, while non-hyperactive children's response time remained the same across all presentation levels. The results are interpreted as giving support to accounts that stress the role of pre-response delay, rather than time on task per se, as an important determinant of hyperactive children's attentional performance.

Attention↗
PubMed1992

Endoscopic visualisation of the human nasolacrimal system: an experimental study.

Orthograde and retrograde endoscopy of the upper and lower nasolacrimal system was performed using two prototype ultrathin (0.5 mm and 1.1 mm diameter) fibrescopes on four cadaver heads. Appearances were verified by subsequent dissection. The procedure, which we term 'dacryocystoscopy' is described. With modifications this technique may have clinical applications in the treatment of nasolacrimal disorders.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1992

Hepatic ultrastructure in children with protein-energy malnutrition.

Samples of liver from eight children who died from malnutrition with its complications were studied by electron microscopy. Specimens were taken within one hour of death. These tissues had changes consistent with severe terminal illness, including mitochondrial swelling, with loss of matrix granules, disorganization of cristae, and evidence of calcium influx. Glycogen tended to be scanty. Lipid droplets were frequent. Endoplasmic membranes were depleted, and focal cytoplasmic degradation was frequent. Intracanalicular cholestasis was striking in four cases with loss of microvilli. Peroxisomes were depleted. This may be significant as peroxisomes are pivotal in the processing of very long-chain fatty acids, in cholic acid metabolism and in elimination of free radicals. The observations were compared with previous reports in the literature, and with seven biopsies taken in 1970 from malnourished children who recovered. One, obtained on the fourth day, from a child with marasmus, showed atrophy of cellular organelles. The other samples were biopsied during the recovery phase, and displayed considerable restoration to normal morphology. Mitochondria had prominent matrix granules. Peroxisomes were frequently seen. There was no evidence of cholestasis.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1992

Immune serum markers and CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected intravenous drug users.

We examined the association of three serum immune markers with CD4 cell counts in a large cohort of i.v. drug users with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Levels of beta 2-microglobulin and neopterin were significantly elevated in HIV-infected subjects and increased in association with decline in CD4 cell counts (all p less than 0.001). Serum IgA levels in HIV-seropositive individuals were significantly elevated only when the CD4 cell count was less than 200/microliters (p less than 0.001). After controlling for HIV status and CD4 count, recent history of hepatitis was associated with significantly higher beta 2-microglobulin (p = 0.028) and marginally higher neopterin (p = 0.052) levels. There was no association of race, gender, or drug use patterns with levels of serum immune markers after controlling for HIV status and CD4 count. These data indicate that immune activation is coupled with immunosuppression in HIV-infected i.v. drug users. In addition, beta 2-microglobulin and neopterin levels are elevated in persons with a recent history of hepatitis but not in those with recent non-AIDS-defining bacterial infections. Markers of immune activation do not vary by race, gender, or drug use patterns among i.v. drug users.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1991

The long-term course of Lyme arthritis in children.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The natural history of Lyme disease is not completely known. We studied the long-term course of Lyme arthritis in 46 children in whom the onset of the disease occurred between 1976 and 1979 and who received no antibiotic therapy for at least the first four years of the illness. RESULTS: Of the 46 children (age range, 2 to 15 years), 33 (72 percent) initially had erythema migrans, 7 (15 percent) had influenza-like symptoms, and 6 (13 percent) had migratory joint pain. These manifestations were followed by brief attacks of arthritis, particularly affecting the knee. The percentage of children with recurrent episodes of arthritis declined each year. By year 4, only 10 children still had a mean of two episodes of arthritis per year; the duration of arthritis was generally longer in older children (P less than 0.05). During the sixth year of illness, two children (4 percent) had keratitis, and more than 10 years after the onset of disease, a subtle encephalopathy developed in two other children. Of the 39 children whom we were able to contact in 1988-1989, 12 (31 percent) still had occasional brief episodes of joint pain and 1 (3 percent) had marked fatigue. All 46 children had positive IgG antibody responses to Borrelia burgdorferi throughout the illness and on long-term follow-up. As compared with those who became asymptomatic, the children with recurrent symptoms more often had IgM responses to the spirochete and had significantly higher IgG titers (P less than 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The course of initially untreated Lyme disease in children may include acute infection followed by attacks of arthritis and then by keratitis, subtle joint pain, or chronic encephalopathy.

Acute Disease↗