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Biomedical subjects

E Tani

Publications and source records attributed to E Tani.

198 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Synthesis of GABA-valproic acid derivatives and evaluation of their anticonvulsant and antioxidant activity.

The synthesis and the anticonvulsant activity of a number of GABA and valproic acid derivatives are reported. The lipophilicity of these compounds and their inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation were also investigated, in an effort to correlate the anticonvulsant activity with lipophilicity and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. The synthesized compounds exhibited anticonvulsant effects which were stronger for the more lipophilic derivatives. One of the active anticonvulsants showed appreciable antioxidant properties. Finally, a good correlation was found between the experimentally derived (RM) and calculated (sigma f and log PSK) lipophilicity for this series of compounds.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhanced maze performance and reduced oxidative stress by combined extracts of zingiber officinale and ginkgo biloba in the aged rat.

Here we assessed the effects of i.g. administration of Zingicomb (ZC), a mixture of zingiber officinale and ginkgo biloba extracts, on learning and memory, and on indicators of oxidative stress in aged rats. Effects of ZC (1 and 10 mg/kg) were investigated in 22-24 months old Wistar rats using the Morris water maze, in which they show deficient performance as compared to 3 months old rats in the undrugged state (days 1 and 2). Treatment was administered on days 3 and 4 of training, then over 7 days with training discontinued, and again on days 5 and 6 when training was resumed. Thereafter chronic treatment was maintained over 5 months. 1 mg/kg ZC improved escape learning in the water maze. The two capital indicators of oxidative stress in brain homogenates, the amount of oxidized proteins (assessed as carbonyl group containing proteins) and lipid peroxidation, were significantly reduced in ZC treated animals. Thus, ZC, which had previously been shown to improve inhibitory avoidance learning and to have anxiolytic properties in adult animals, might also facilitate spatial learning in aged animals, and reduces indices of oxidative stress in brain tissue after chronic treatment.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on fine needle aspirates for rapid detection of translocations in synovial sarcoma.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utilization of fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy to obtain material for reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the detection of the t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) translocation in synovial sarcomas. STUDY DESIGN: We applied RT-PCR to detection of synovial sarcoma fusion gene transcripts on fine needle aspirates. Five clinical samples were first analyzed: one was a tumor previously diagnosed as malignant hemangiopericytoma, one was a poorly defined tumor, and three were suspected synovial sarcomas. FNA material was transferred directly to the RT-PCR reaction tube without RNA extraction. RESULTS: The t(X;18) translocation could be detected on the limited amount of material that FNA provides. In each of the cases studied the representivity of the tumor samples was confirmed microscopically. CONCLUSION: Our protocol permits analysis directly on representative samples without extraction of RNA. The results imply that RT-PCR offers reliable detection of sarcoma fusion gene transcripts on fine needle aspirates. The procedure, apart from being applicable to outpatients, is rapid and sensitive.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology of penile tumors.

OBJECTIVE: Penile tumors are unusual and can represent neoplastic or inflammatory processes. We report a series of penile tumors diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. STUDY DESIGN: Files from the Division of Clinical Cytology, Karolinska Hospital, were searched, and cases of FNA cytology of the penis selected. Clinical information and cytologic diagnoses were recorded and observations from aspiration smears made. RESULTS: Eleven patients had presented to Karolinska Hospital for FNA cytology of the penis. They ranged from 46 to 89 years of age; all were uncircumcised. Tumors were present in various locations, including the glans and shaft. Five patients had squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) of the penis; three were primary, one locally recurrent and one metastatic from primary lung SCCA. There were three carcinomas metastatic from primary colon, prostate and bladder tumors. There was one each of locally recurrent malignant melanoma, locally metastatic testicular mesothelioma and Peyronie's disease. Discomfort associated with the procedure was tolerable, there were no complications, and each biopsy provided sufficient material for a cytologic diagnosis. CONCLUSION: FNA cytology of penile tumors is a successful, well-tolerated procedure capable of providing a cytologic diagnosis and useful information for patient management.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Responses of isolated canine basilar artery and human platelet to chlorpromazine and amitriptyline.

Sustained contraction of isolated canine basilar artery was induced by addition of prostaglandin F2 alpha, prostaglandin E2, hemoglobin-containing solution, or serum. Human platelet aggregation was induced by 1.0 microM adenosine diphosphate. The sustained contraction of basilar artery and the aggregation of platelet, particularly its secondary aggregation, were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by addition of chlorpromazine or amitriptyline; calmodulin antagonist. The molar concentrations at 50% inhibition by chlorpromazine or amitriptyline were 5.9 to 7.7 microM or 28 to 39 microM for the contraction of basilar artery and 57 microM or 111 microM for the secondary aggregation of platelet. The results were discussed mainly on the basis of interaction of psychotropic drugs and Ca2+, calmodulin-dependent enzymes, particularly myosin light chain phosphorylation.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of selective inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase on experimental cerebral vasospasm.

Experimental cerebral vasospasm was induced in the canine basilar artery by an intracisternal injection of fresh autogenous arterial blood. Delayed vasospasm was defined as a reduction to less than 75% of the caliber of control basilar artery 5 days after the intracisternal blood injection. A selective inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase, sodium(E)-3-[4-(3-pyridylmethyl) phenyl]-2-methyl-2-propenoate, was infused intravenously for 1 or 2 hrs at 50 micrograms/kg/min in normal animals exhibiting vasospasm. Angiographic evidence of cerebral vasospasm was not reversed. Mean regional cerebral blood flow was not significantly increased in normal and vasospastic animals, but a mean difference of regional cerebral blood flow was significantly increased only in vasospastic animals. Mean arterial blood pressure and pulse rate were not seriously changed in normal and spastic animals. Another selective thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor, (E)-3-[4-(1-imidazolylmethyl)phenyl]-2-propenoic acid hydrochloride monohydrate, showed a similar effect on the caliber of the basilar artery, regional cerebral blood flow, blood pressure, and pulse rate, in vasospastic animals. Venous blood was taken from the internal jugular vein, and the mean platelet aggregation induced by 10 micrograms/ml of collagen was inhibited by the infusion of either selective inhibitor at 50 micrograms/kg/min for 2 hrs. However, mean platelet aggregation rates in vasospastic animals before and after treatment with either selective inhibitor were not significantly different to those in normal animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor on experimental delayed cerebral vasospasm.

Experimental delayed cerebral vasospasm was produced in canine basilar arteries by 2 successive injections, 2 days apart, of fresh autogenous arterial blood into the cisterna magna. When angiographic evidence of delayed vasospasm was confirmed 7 days after the initial intracisternal blood injection, a selective inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, 2-(12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diynyl)-3,5,6-trimethyl-1,4-benzoqu inone (AA-861), was infused intravenously at 6.5 X 10(-4) mg/kg/min for 2 hours. However, angiographic evidence of delayed vasospasm was not reversed, and mean regional cerebral blood flow was not significantly increased. In other studies, oral doses of AA-861 at 100 mg/kg/day were given twice a day for 7 days after the initial intracisternal blood injection. In the treated group, angiographic evidence of delayed vasospasm was significantly reduced, and the contractile property of excised basilar arteries in response to vasoconstrictor agents was significantly improved. It is suggested that leukotrienes, 5-lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid, might be important etiologic factors responsible for the development of delayed vasospasm and that AA-861 would have a therapeutic effect not on the reduction of delayed vasospasm once developed but on the prevention of the development of delayed vasospasm.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chondromyxoid fibroma of the frontal bone.

Chondromyxoid fibroma of frontal bone is a rare lesion. Plain skull films showed a round radiolucent mass with a sclerotic margin. It was dense on plain CT scan and showed no convincing contrast enhancement. MR imaging showed low signal intensity relative to gray matter on T1-weighted image (500/20), isointensity on proton-density image (2000/30), high intensity on T2-weighted image, and marked peripheral enhancement on postcontrast (gadopentetate dimeglumine) study.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytology and immunocytochemistry of bilateral breast metastases from prostatic cancer. Report of a case.

The cytologic findings in fine needle aspirates of a previously treated prostatic cancer metastatic to both breasts in a 65-year-old man are described. The prostatic origin of the poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells was demonstrated by identification of cytoplasmic prostate-specific antigen. The clinical importance of a conclusive diagnosis differentiating a primary from a metastatic lesion is discussed; this case illustrates the value of immunocytochemical analysis as an aid to cytomorphologic diagnosis in making such determinations.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology and immunocytochemistry in the diagnosis of lymphoid lesions of the thyroid gland.

Immunocytochemical analysis was used in conjunction with cytomorphology to evaluate fine needle aspirates from 18 patients with nodular lymphoid infiltrates of the thyroid. The smears from 13 patients had a cytomorphology that was diagnostic of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis; immunocytochemistry showed the lymphoid population to be composed of T cells and polyclonal B cells. Three patients had high-grade malignant lymphomas by cytomorphology; immunologic evaluation showed the B-cell phenotype of the lymphoma cells and monoclonal light chain expression. Cytomorphology could not differentiate between an inflammatory and a neoplastic lymphoid infiltrate in two cases. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that the cells of B-cell phenotype were monoclonal (neoplastic) in one case and polyclonal (inflammatory) in one case.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytomorphology and immunocytochemistry of fine needle aspirates from blastic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Fine needle aspirates from 54 consecutive patients with primary or recurrent blastic (high-grade malignant) non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) were analyzed by cytomorphology and immunocytochemistry. The cytologic diagnoses induced follicular center-cell-derived (centroblastic or anaplastic centrocytic) lymphoma (31 cases), immunoblastic lymphoma (11 cases), lymphoblastic lymphoma (9 cases) and histiocytic lymphoma (3 cases). Immunocytochemistry showed a B-cell phenotype of the neoplastic lymphocytes in all lymphoblastic lymphomas, 29 follicle center-cell lymphomas and 4 immunoblastic lymphomas. Four of the immunoblastic lymphomas were of T-cell origin while one case was not evaluable due to necrosis. A histiocytic origin was confirmed in two of the three cases that had a cytologic diagnosis of histiocytic lymphoma; the third case was shown by immunocytochemistry to be a true Ki-1-positive large cell lymphoma. Histologic and immunohistochemical analysis were performed on surgical biopsies from 18 patients. The results were in agreement with those on the fine needle aspiration (FNA) material in 14 cases. Three lymphomas could be phenotyped on aspirated material while marker studies on excised material were inconclusive. One lymph node aspirate contained mostly necrotic cells, which were unsatisfactory for adequate immunocytochemistry. However, sections from a removed tonsil from the same patient could be used for conclusive histology and phenotyping. In conclusion, the high diagnostic accuracy of combined cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical assessment of FNA samples validates the use of the technique in the diagnostic work-up of blastic (high-grade malignant) NHLs. In fact, the diagnostic accuracy seems so high that the technique can safely be used in the final diagnosis of blastic NHLs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology and immunocytochemistry of large cell lymphomas expressing the Ki-1 antigen.

Cytomorphology and immunocytochemistry were used to diagnose two cases of large cell anaplastic lymphomas that expressed the Ki-1 antigen. Smears stained with the May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain showed a cytomorphologic spectrum that varied from immunoblastlike cells to large tumor cells with pleomorphic nuclei. The tumor cells had a distinct basophilic cytoplasm, which often contained vacuoles. Giant cells with wreathlike multilobulated bizarre nuclei were also observed. Immunocytochemistry on a cytocentrifuged specimen showed that the tumor cells were of a T-helper phenotype; all strongly expressed the Ki-1 antigen and receptors for HLA-DR and IL-2.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Estrogen receptor content in primary breast carcinomas and their metastases.

The estrogen receptor content was measured in 25 primary human mammary carcinomas. These values were compared to those in metastases which were detected between 0-108 months after mastectomy. There was a good correlation between the receptor level in the primary tumor and in its metastasis. This finding does not support the hypothesis that metastases in general represent a selection of poorly differentiated receptor-poor cell clones from the primary tumors.

Adult↗