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Biomedical subjects

E Tabor

Publications and source records attributed to E Tabor.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Combination of ketamine and xylazine for effective anaesthesia of juvenile chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

Intramuscular administration of ketamine at 15-20 mg/kg bodyweight provided effective levels of anaesthesia for venipuncture in 23 chimpanzees aged 12-36 months. For procedures such as plasmaphereses or percutaneous needle biopsy requiring longer anaesthetic times, xylazine (1 mg/kg) was given with the ketamine. More than 1600 procedures were performed under anaesthesia on the 23 chimpanzees over a period of 18 months with no mortality. Recovery was smooth and uneventful.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1982

Cellular hypersensitivity to neocarzinostatin in ataxia-telangiectasia skin fibroblasts.

Cellular sensitivity of human skin fibroblast strains from three healthy donors, eight ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) patients belonging to six sibships, and two A-T heterozygotes to the lethal action of the antitumor antibiotic neocarzinostatin was tested, using colony-forming ability as the criterion for survival. All the A-T strains were significantly more sensitive to killing by neocarzinostatin than were the control strains. The average D0 for the A-T strains following neocarzinostatin treatment was 14.6 ng/ml, as compared to 37.9 ng/ml for the normal strains. The two A-T heterozygous strains showed intermediate sensitivity with an average D0 of 26.9 ng/ml. Neocarzinostatin sensitivity of A-T cells could therefore serve as a convenient aid for the laboratory diagnosis of A-T. Since A-T cells are also known to be hypersensitive to ionizing radiation and bleomycin, it would appear that they are primarily hypersensitive to DNA-breaking agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Failure to detect infectious hepatitis B virus using high dose safety test for hepatitis B vaccine.

One hundred milliliters of an inactivated hepatitis B vaccine (20 microgram/ml) were inoculated intravenously into two colony-born infant chimpanzees. Immediately thereafter each received hepatitis B virus from a documented infectious inoculum intravenously at a separate site. Neither chimpanzee developed elevation of aminotransferase levels, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), or antibody to hepatitis B core antigen during six months of evaluation, the duration of the currently recommended safety test. Both chimpanzees developed antibody to HBsAg beginning 8 and 9 weeks, respectively, after inoculation. The administration of a large intravenous quantity of vaccine antigen thus appeared capable of masking or preventing infection by simultaneously administered hepatitis B virus. This study suggests that a chimpanzee safety test for hepatitis B vaccine should not employ large quantities of vaccine antigen, since such a safety test may fail to detect small amounts of residual infectious hepatitis B virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Antibodies to hepatitis A virus in immune serum globulin.

Two hundred one immune serum globulin (ISG) lots manufactured in the US between 1967 and 1977 were tested for antibodies to the hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) by a competitive-inhibition radioimmunoassay (RIA); a lesser number were also tested by immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA). The percentage of ISG lots that contained anti-HAV with a titer of 1:100 or greater by RIA was 50% for those manufactured in 1967, 69% for those manufactured in 1972, and 100% for those manufactured in 1977. The percentage of lots with anti-HAV titers equal to or greater than 1:500 by RIA was 7% in 1967, 18% in 1972, and 70% in 1977. Only ten lots of ISG (5%) had anti-HAV titers of 1:1,000 or greater by RIA; seven of these were manufactured in 1977. Both the mean titer of anti-HAV in ISG lots and the percentage of lots containing significant titers of this antibody appear to have increased in the US over the past ten years. This may reflect the increased use of source plasma from paid plasmapheresis donors in the US during this period. The lower titers of anti-HAV in the older lots of ISG studied were shown not to be due to fragmentation of antibody molecules during storage.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

Disappearance of hepatitis B surface antigen during an unusual case of fulminant hepatitis B.

A 30-year-old surgical resident was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of acute hepatitis; two days later he became comatose. Hepatitis B surface antigen had been detected in his serum two days prior to admission, but it was not detected at any time thereafter. Hepatitis B e antigen, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen were detected using sensitive radioimmunoassays at admission. Titers of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen increased over the next five weeks. Clearance of hepatitis B e antigen and subsequent appearance of antibody to hepatitis B e antigen accompanied clinical improvement and recovery. This unusual case documents that hepatitis B surface antigen can become undetectable during the course of fulminant hepatitis B and indicates the importance of tests for other serologic markers of hepatitis B virus in the evaluation of hepatitis B surface antigen-negative fulminant hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

An apparent correlation between the inhibition of induced ornithine decarboxylase activity by gamma radiation and the capacity for DNA repair synthesis in normal and ataxia telangiectasia human fibroblasts: no correlation with cell survival.

Exposure of normal human fibroblasts (F107) in stationary phase to gamma radiation inhibited the appearance of induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. Skin fibroblasts derived from two ataxia telangiectasia (AT) patients (F184 and F182) displayed a similar response. The level of DNA repair synthesis was also similar in the three cell strains. Fibroblasts from another apparently normal donor (F196) were very sensitive to inhibition of induced ODC activity by gamma radiation and were also deficient in radiation-induced DNA repair synthesis. However, the two strains derived from normal donors displayed the same degree of cellular sensitivity towards X-rays, whereas the two AT strains showed the typical hypersensitivity to the cytotoxic effect of X-irradiation. The results suggest a possible correlation between the inhibition of induced ODC activity by gamma radiation and the extent of DNA repair synthesis at high radiation doses, but there is no correlation between these two parameters and cellular survival at low radiation doses.

Ataxia Telangiectasia↗
PubMed1981

Intrafamilial cluster of hepatitis B virus infection: study of a large family in the United States.

Seventy-eight persons in an Italian-American family were tested for hepatitis B serologic markers. Fifty-one (65%) had serologic evidence of active or prior hepatitis B infection. Twenty-eight (36%) had evidence of active infection, including twenty-six with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and two with antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen only. Severe chronic liver disease was documented in four family members, three of whom had serologic evidence of active hepatitis B infection and the fourth died before the availability of hepatitis B testing. Thirteen of 18 (72%) offspring of six HBsAg positive mothers were HBsAg positive. No epidemiologic explanation of the high prevalence of hepatitis B infection in this family was found, although mother-to-child transmission in years past is a possible explanation.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Nondetection of infectious hepatitis B virus in a human hepatoma cell line producing hepatitis B surface antigen.

The PLC/PRF/5 human hepatoma cell line producing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was studied to determine whether infectious hepatitis B virus (HBV) was also being produced. 2 chimpanzees with no previous exposure to HBV and no serologic markers of past or active HBV infection were inoculated intravenously with 50 ml of either tissue culture supernatant fluid (357 ng/ml HBsAg) or a suspension of cells disrupted by repeated freeze-thaw cycles (57 ng/ml HBsAg). No evidence of HBV infection was detected in either chimpanzee during 6 months of evaluation. This study suggests that the expression of a portion of the HBV genome, when a portion or all of that genome has been incorporated into a host cell, can result in the production of HBsAg without infectious HBV. If it becomes possible to produce a similar expression of this portion of the genome by itself in nonmalignant cells, HBsAg without HBV may be produced in vitro for use in hepatitis B vaccines.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of the flavonoid (+)cyanidanol-3 on procollagen biosynthesis and transport in normal and ataxia telangiectasis cultured skin fibroblasts.

The synthesis and secretion of procollagen into the medium of cultures of human skin fibroblasts from normal individuals and from patients with the genetic disorder, ataxia telangiectasia, are markedly inhibited by the flavonoid (+)cyanidanol-3. Those proteins which were secreted into the medium in the presence of cyanidanol were resistant to collagenase treatment (noncollagenous proteins). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of only one noncollagenous protein of 66,000 daltons in the medium of cyanidanol-treated cells as compared with the nine other polypeptides found in the medium of untreated cells.

Ataxia Telangiectasia↗
PubMed1981

Lack of susceptibility of congenitally athymic nude mice to human non-A, non-B hepatitis.

Nude mice were inoculated intravenously with chimpanzee serum containing a human non-A, non-b hepatitis agent. Control groups of nude mice were inoculated with normal saline or normal chimpanzee serum. During 77 days of observation, evidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis was not detected. Serum alanine aminotransferase levels remained within normal limits, and normal liver histology was seen in serially killed mice.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1980

Alphafetoprotein levels of liver cancer patients and controls in a European population.

Serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay for 80 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC), 40 with metastatic liver cancer (MLC), and 204 controls; all were Caucasians of Greek nationality. Among histologically confirmed PHC cases, 62% had more than 1000 International Units per millilitre (IU/ml) AFP. Only one case with MLC (3%) exceeded 1000 IU/ml AFP, but lower elevations were not uncommon (13%). Among controls, none exceeded 40 IU/ml. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected among 6% of 17 histologically confirmed PHC patients with AFP less than 100 IU/ml and 60% of 63 PHC patients with more than 100 IU/ml of AFP (p < 0.001). Control subjects positive for HBsAg had significantly higher AFP values compared to those negative for it (P < 0.01) and male controls had slightly higher AFP values than female controls.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Removal of hepatitis-B-virus infectivity from factor-IX complex by hepatitis-B immune-globulin. Experiments in chimpanzees.

Hepatitis-B-virus infectivity can be removed from a heat-labile clotting factor concentrate by the addition of hepatitis-B immune-globulin. Three chimpanzees were each inoculated with samples of factor-IX complex (factor IX) which had been deliberately contaminated with 10(3.5) chimpanzee infectious doses of hepatitis-B virus from a known infectious inoculum. Two of these factor IX samples had been incubated with hepatitis-B immune-globulin after the addition of hepatitis-B virus. 10 weeks after inoculation hepatitis-B infection developed in the chimpanzee inoculated with untreated factor IX. Hepatitis B did not develop in the two which received treated factor IX; no serloigical evidence of hepatitis B could be detected during 52 weeks of evaluation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Transmission of human non-A, non-B hepatitis to chimpanzees following failure to transmit GB agent hepatitis.

Two colony-born infant chimpanzees were inoculated with documented infectious serum containing the GB agent. Serum aminotransferase levels remained within normal limits in weekly serum samples, and no abnormalities were detected in weekly liver biopsy specimens. Each of these chimpanzees was subsequently inoculated with serum containing an agent of human non-A, non-B hepatitis. Each developed non-A, non-B hepatitis characterized by elevation of serum aminotransferase levels and histopathologic changes in liver biopsy specimens. Thus, the chimpanzee appears not to be susceptible to the GB agent, and prior inoculation with this agent does not appear to confer immunity to subsequent infection with human non-A, non-B hepatitis.

Alanine Transaminase↗