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Biomedical subjects

E T Klemmer

Publications and source records attributed to E T Klemmer.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

Weight and balance of a new telephone handset.

Several identical prototype shells of a new telephone handset design were weighed in different ways to produce five different overall weights, ranging from 130 to 340 g, and three different balance conditions: transmitter-heavy, receiver-heavy, and balanced. Fifty-two subjects drawn from working people of both sexes and a range of ages participated in pair-comparison tests in which each subject gave a preference judgment for one handset over another for all possible pairs of handsets. They also rated each handset as acceptable or unacceptable. The best overall handset weighed 176 g with the weight equally distributed between transmitter and receiver. The lightest handset (130 g, balanced) was actually preferred by a majority of people over the balanced 176-gram set but twice as many people rated it unacceptable (31% vs 14%). All handsets weighing 176 g or less and the balanced handset weighing 224 g were rated as acceptable by at least two-thirds of the subjects. It is recommended that designs aim at a balanced handset weighing approximately 176 g. It would not be worthwhile to add weight to an unbalanced 176-gram set to bring it into balance.

Journal Article↗

Making human factors effective in industry: examples from business telephone systems.

Contributions by human factors to all phases of the product development cycle are illustrated by work done on business telephone systems. The work includes surveys of customer needs, laboratory tests of alternative physical designs and control procedures, development of efficient and effective instructional methods, field studies of delivery systems, and field evaluations of the final product. It is also demonstrated that data from applied studies can lead to general principles which are useful in other situations. Finally, suggestions are given about effective timing and organisational structure for human factors work.

Journal Article↗

Keyboard entry.

Many recent studies of keyboard entry are summarized with particular emphasis on performance data and fundamental questions about the design of keyboards. The role of auditory and visual feedback and physiological measurements are reviewed. Typical speed and error rates are given for several types of situations and operators. Other methods of data entry are considered, as are source documents, ordering of keys, keyboard interlocks, and chord keyboards. These data should be of interest to anyone concerned with the design and use of keyboards or other data entry devices.

Journal Article↗