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Biomedical subjects

E T Ballard

Publications and source records attributed to E T Ballard.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Hirschsprung's disease with skip area (segmental aganglionosis).

Hirschsprung's disease is characterized by a single aganglionic segment of colon extending distally to the anal margin. Well documented reports of segmental aganglionosis have been rare. We report a case of segmental aganglionosis in which there were two distinct aganglionic segments resected. The entire transverse colon between the two aganglionic segments was normally ganglionated, preserved, and utilized and functions in a normal fashion.

Colon↗
PubMed1978

Leukemic infiltration of the testis during long-term remission.

Of 33 boys with acute lymphocytic leukemia treated at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital during 1971--1974, 14 remained in clinical and bone marrow remission for periods longer than 2.5 yr. Of these 14 patients, 8 then developed testicular leukemia. In 7 of these 8 patients, testicular infiltration was the first or only evidence of relapse. In 2 of the patients the gonads were not grossly abnormal, and testicular relapse was discovered as a result of routine wedge biopsy before therapy was to have been stopped. This experience has led to our policy of routine testicular biopsy in boys with acute lymphocytic leukemia who have had continuous remission for 3 yr and who are otherwise candidates for discontinuance of maintenance therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Early onset group B streptococcal disease: clinical, roentgenographic, and pathologic features.

Thirty-one neonates with early onset of serious group B streptococcal infections were observed in a four-year period. The mortality was 52%. Premature infants with clinical signs of respiratory distress syndrome were at highest risk of death; clinical signs of RDS were typical until apnea, shock, respiratory failure, and worsening of the radiographic pattern unexpectedly intervened. Pathologic material from infants with radiographic evidence either of RDS or of pneumonia showed both typical hyaline membrane disease and pneumonia in most instances. Factors which may be helpful in recognizing premature infants at risk for GBS disease in the much larger group of premature infants with uncomplicated RDS include: history of artificial, premature, or prolonged rupture of membranes; localized pulmonary infiltrates on chest roentgenogram; low absolute neutrophil count; and an unusually rapid progression of RDS.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Esophageal papillomatosis: case report.

An unusual case report of asymptomatic multiple esophageal papillomas associated with pedunculated hypopharyngeal papillomas that presented as laryngeal obstruction in a 2 1/2-year-old boy who underwent resection and irradiation of a retroperitoneal neuroblastoma at the age of nine months. Barium swallow and esophagoscopy confirmed the presence of multiple asymptomatic lesions involving the upper two-thirds of the esophagus. Biopsy confirmed the hypopharyngeal and esophageal lesions to be similar in nature.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Further observations of ocular pathology in Down's syndrome.

We studied the eyes of two children with proven trisomy 21 and updated the microscopic ocular findings. The ocular malformations, generally of a minor nature, comprise a variety of nonspecific hyperplasia or hamartomata, hypoplasias, tissue defects and heterotopias, and involve virtually every portion of the globe. Ocular and extraocular abnormalities in Down's syndrome do not correlate well embryologically, cytogenetically or in regard to incidence or severity. The type of ocular anomalies usually encountered in trisomy 21 suggests that the globe was affected by the chromosomal anomaly rather late in its development.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathologic features of the eye in triploidy.

Triploidy is a cytogenetic abnormality characterized by 69 chromosomes rather than the normal 46 in each cell. It is one of the most common chromosomal aberrations reported in early spontaneous abortion. Estimates are that 17-20% of chromosomally abnormal abortuses (early) are triploid. 1,2 Although the majority are stillborn, at least 25 liveborn triploidics have been reported. 3-9 All were premature and most died in the first 6 hours;the longest survival was 2 months. 4 By contrast, a diploid/triploid mosaic (mixed cell lines) individual may survive to adulthood. Although ocular lesions are one of the components of the triploidy syndrome, reports of histologic findings are comparatively rare. 1,3,6,10,11 This prompted us to study the ocular pathology in another case of triploidy. Our results confirm and extend those previously described and emphasize the pattern of ocular abnormalities in this disorder.

Chromosomes, Human, 13-15↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathologic features of the eye in trisomy 9.

A clinical and pathologic study of a neonate with mosaic trisomy 9 revealed findings similar to those in other cases with this chromosomal anomaly. Except for deeply-set eyes and small palpebral fissures with slight telecanthus, our ocular findings have not previously been described in mosaic trisomy 9. The most striking ocular pathologic alterations involved the anterior segment and included a keratolenticular adhesion and marked iris hypoplasia. There were similarities to Peters' anomaly as well as to ocular lesions associated with aplasia of th optic nerve and Lowe's and Potter's syndrome. The ocular and extraocular anomalies in our patient appear to have resulted from a mesodermal dysgenesis operational between one and five and a half months of gestation.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

S-cells from a highly N-myc-amplified neuroblastoma are tumorigenic in nude mice.

Some neuroblastoma tumors when cultured in vitro give rise to N (neuronal) and S (non-neuronal) cells, which differ in morphology, state of differentiation, and tumorigenicity. Previously, tumor-forming potential was shown to be characteristic of N cells but not S cells. We examined cultures of N and S cells derived from a well-characterized, N-myc-amplified human neuroblastoma cell line, NBL-W, to determine whether these N and S cells also show differential tumorigenicity in nude mice. N cells formed tumors in 94% of trials and S cells formed tumors in 56% of trials. Although S cell tumors had a longer lag phase prior to tumor development, when tumors developed, both N and S cell-derived tumors grew rapidly. These results suggest that S cells do not always represent a benign component of neuroblastomas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatoblastoma in a child with trisomy 18: cytogenetics, liver anomalies, and literature review.

A 26-month-old female with trisomy 18 and repaired omphalocele died of metastatic disease after resection of hepatoblastoma (HB) at 21 months of age. Four other cases (three of them published) suggest that the association of trisomy 18 and HB may be nonrandom. Karyotype abnormalities of the tumor in our case included duplication of 2q and +20, reported previously in HB arising in patients with normal karyotype. Antecedent growth disturbance of liver, either intrinsic (abnormal lobation) or related to contiguous extrinsic anomalies such as omphalocele or local diaphragmatic hypoplasia and possibly augmented by unusual sensitivity to noxious environmental agents, may predispose to hepatoblastoma in trisomy 18. Longevity in trisomy 18 predisposes to both hepatoblastoma and Wilms tumor, possibly by a shared pathway.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrashort segment Hirschsprung's disease: a case report.

Hirschsprung's disease (HD) or congenital aganglionosis usually presents with involvement of the rectosigmoid, except for a small percentage of the ultrashort segment cases in which dysfunction is limited to the area of the anal sphincter. However, the diagnostic criteria for ultrashort segment HD are the subject of some controversy. The reported case illustrates the gross and microscopic anatomy of a documented case of ultrashort segment HD and helps define the proper biopsy technique and confirm previously established criteria for accurate diagnosis. It is suggested that modification of criteria to allow up to a 4-cm segment of aganglionosis for the diagnosis of ultrashort segment HD would eliminate some of the current ambiguity. Functional disorders of the and sphincter should be considered separately.

Colon↗