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Biomedical subjects

E Strauss

Publications and source records attributed to E Strauss.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Spontaneous facial expressions occurring at onset of focal seizure activity.

Examination of the simultaneously recorded EEG and video taped behavior of patients during seizures activated by pentylenetetrazol-bemigride revealed a variety of spontaneous facial expressions at the electroclinical seizure onset. Neutral and sad expressions were observed most often, followed in frequency by expressions of fear, surprise, and happiness. Expressions of disgust and anger were rare. There was no consistent relation between side of seizure onset and type of spontaneous facial expression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Perception of emotional words.

Two studies examined the contribution of both hemispheres to the processing of emotional and non-emotional words. These real words and nonsense words were presented to the right and left visual fields simultaneously. Males and females were required to indicate whether or not any of the words were real English ones. The results revealed that emotionally positive and negative words show a RVF superiority (Experiment 1). Both emotional and non-emotional words also showed a RVF advantage (Experiment 2).

Emotions↗
PubMed1983

Effect of hemispherectomy in infantile hemiplegics.

Four patients with infantile hemiplegia who had undergone hemispherectomy were examined. both left (LH) and right (RH) hemidecorticates obtained borderline defective scores on IQ tests. Patients with isolated right hemispheres were found not to be aphasic or apraxic. Visuospatial and constructional capacities were compromised in all patients. Individuals with an isolated right hemisphere smiled and gestured more than did those with an isolated right hemisphere. EEG and CT scan data showed that the remaining hemisphere was not normal in these patients. Therefore, inferences regarding the functional plasticity of the remaining hemisphere must be made with caution.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Lateral preferences and cerebral speech dominance.

Four types of lateral preference (hand, foot, eye, ear) were measured in 73 patients, who underwent sodium Amytal speech testing. In 63 cases, speech was on the left side whereas in 10, speech was on the right. All of the patients with right hemisphere lesions had speech represented in the left hemisphere. Only a third of the patients with left hemisphere damage prior to the end of the first year of life continued to have speech on the left side. By contrast, 82% of those with left hemisphere damage after this sensitive period had speech exclusively mediated by the left hemisphere. In short, the occurrence of right hemisphere speech dominance without an early lesion to the left hemisphere is rare. The majority of patients with right-sided motor and sense organ preferences had speech represented in the left hemisphere, independent of location or age of onset of the damage. By contrast, in individuals with a clinical history of early left hemisphere injury, left-sided motor and sense organ preferences were linked to right hemisphere speech dominance. In those cases without evidence of early cerebral damage, most of the non-right-sided individuals had speech in the left hemisphere. However, the proportion of unilateral, left hemisphere speech representation in the right-handed and right-footed was higher than that observed in the left-handed and left-footed, even when those with early onset of damage were excluded from analysis. It was suggested that in the normal population, handedness and footedness are relevant factors in predicting cerebral speech dominance. Knowledge of eye and ear preference may be of little predictive value. Further, in a neurological population the overall congruency across the four patterns of lateral preference may provide useful information regarding cerebral speech dominance. A small group (5) of patients with bilateral representation of speech was also examined. Contrary to the experience at the Montreal Neurological Institute, most of these patients preferred the right limb and sense organ. Differences in investigative approach may account for the conflicting observations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The neurobiological basis of lateralized cerebral function. A review.

The first part of this review considers the empirical findings regarding the anatomical asymmetries that may be related to the left hemisphere's dominance for language. The review reveals that there are interhemispheric differences in the anatomy of the posterior sylvian region and of portions of the inferior frontal gyrus. In the second section, difficulties in attributing functional significance to these morphological asymmetries are discussed. The third section considers anatomical, behavioural and neurochemical asymmetries in animals and their relation to problems of human cerebral asymmetry.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Non-invasive determination of pressure and volume parameters of left ventricular function].

The volume parameters of cardiac function, obtained by gated-blood-pool scintigraphy, were supplemented by the ventricle dimensions and by the medium arterial pressure, measured non-invasively after Riva-Rocci. From this, the systolic effect as a load-dependent parameter of contractility and the global effect of the left ventricle were derived. If the latter is related to the volume effect, information about the relative efficiency of the heart action is obtained. By studying three collectives of patients with different performance abilities of the left ventricle it was shown that, by including the ventricle geometry and the medium arterial pressure, the myocardial contractility can be better assessed quantitatively as well as qualitatively and that useful data about the performance economy of the heart can be obtained.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1982

Fear responses in patients with epilepsy.

Ictal fear was found equally with left- and right-sided temporal lobe foci, suggesting that basic components of fear may be bilaterally represented. With regard to interictal fear, patients with left-sided foci reported more fear of social and sexual situations, but not of animals and physical injury, compared with other groups. Men with foci in the right temporal lobe reported less fear than men with left-sided foci. It is conceivable that the two hemisphere contribute differently in the cognitive elaboration of fear responses. Alternatively, differential patterns of self-report of fearfulness may be secondary responses to cognitive or sensorimotor loss. Finally, the present study not only demonstrates differences between right and left temporal lobe epileptics, but also between these groups and those with and without other CNS dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Manual persistence in infancy.

Caplan and Kinsbourne (1976) reported that infants of mean age 2.7 months grasped a rattle longer in the right hand than in the left hand. The present studies failed to find evidence of a manual asymmetry in neonates of mean age 3.3 days or in infants of mean age 2.4 months. Control of the right hand, however, increased significantly during this period.

Child Development↗
PubMed1981

Does age of menarche affect the ultimate level of verbal and spatial skills?

Waber's claim that individual differences in cognition reflect variations in rate of maturation was tested by correlating the performance of 50 right-handed females in verbal and spatial tasks with their age of onset of menstruation. No significant relationships emerged. This suggested that Waber's findings, obtained on adolescents who were still maturing, do not apply to subsequent cognitive outcomes during adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Occipital horn asymmetry in children.

In 75 young neurological patients ranging in age from 5 months to nearly 18 years, the left occipital horn was longer than the right in 29 instances whereas the right was longer than the left in only 13 cases (p < 0.025). Elongations of the right occipital horn as well as symmetrical horns were associated with cerebral damage incurred prior to the end of the first year of life (p = 0.06).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Lateralized asymmetries in self-perception.

Thirty right-handed males and females, displaying happy and sad expressions, compared left-left and right-right composites of his/her own face. For each pair of composites, depicting one emotional state, subjects chose that composite which (a) looked most like themselves and (b) depicted the more intense emotion. The results for females failed to support the contention that the right hemisphere specializes in the perception of negative affect whereas the left hemisphere is prominent for positive states. Finally, asymmetries were more pronounced in females rather than males.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed1980

Intra-hepatic percutaneous deposition of radioactive xenon (133Xe) as a means of measuring hepatic blood flow.

Percutaneous deposition of radioactive xenon in the hepatic parenchyma is suggested as a technique for estimating the hepatic blood flow. The authors applied this procedure, which can be repeated at very short intervals, twice in 5 patients suffering from schistosomiasis, and in 6 controls. The percentage of deviation from the mean was calculated by means of two measurements performed in each individual, and was less than 10% in 63.6% of the cases. Higher variations up to 30% can be attributed either to irregular liver perfusion or to oscillations due to emotional distress of the waking subject. The mean value obtained in normal control subjects was 46.7 ml/min per 100 g liver weight. No significant difference was seen between the mean values obtained in patients suffering from schistosomiasis and in the controls. The use of inert gases presents considerable advantages such as rapid diffusion and immediate elimination. However, the varying degree of fatty degeneration with its corresponding changes in the distribution coefficient between gas and tissue, restricts the use of this method in hepatic disorders.

Adult↗